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Wang J, Jiang X, Wu H, Feng G, Wu H, Li J, Yi Y, Feng X, Ma Z, Li W, Vandewal K, Tang Z. Increasing donor-acceptor spacing for reduced voltage loss in organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6679. [PMID: 34795261 PMCID: PMC8602729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The high voltage losses ([Formula: see text]), originating from inevitable electron-phonon coupling in organic materials, limit the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells to lower values than that of inorganic or perovskite solar cells. In this work, we demonstrate that this [Formula: see text] can in fact be suppressed by controlling the spacing between the donor (D) and the acceptor (A) materials (DA spacing). We show that in typical organic solar cells, the DA spacing is generally too small, being the origin of the too-fast non-radiative decay of charge carriers ([Formula: see text]), and it can be increased by engineering the non-conjugated groups, i.e., alkyl chain spacers in single component DA systems and side chains in high-efficiency bulk-heterojunction systems. Increasing DA spacing allows us to realize significantly reduced [Formula: see text] and improved device voltage. This points out a new research direction for breaking the performance bottleneck of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Guitao Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- DSM DMSC R&D Solutions, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xunda Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Instituut voor Materiaalonderzoek (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, BE-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China.
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2
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Jones AL, Schanze KS. Fluorescent Charge-Transfer Excited States in Acceptor Derivatized Thiophene Oligomers. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7001-7013. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin L. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Florida P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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Kao YT, Guo X, Yang Y, Liu Z, Hassanali A, Song QH, Wang L, Zhong D. Ultrafast dynamics of nonequilibrium electron transfer in photoinduced redox cycle: solvent mediation and conformation flexibility. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:9130-40. [PMID: 22735101 DOI: 10.1021/jp304518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here our systematic characterization of a photoinduced electron-transfer (ET) redox cycle in a covalently linked donor-spacer-acceptor flexible system, consisting of N-acetyl-tryptophan methylester as an electron donor and thymine as an electron acceptor in three distinct solvents of water, acetonitrile, and dioxane. With femtosecond resolution, we determined all the ET time scales, forward and backward, by following the complete reaction evolution from reactants to intermediates and finally to products. Surprisingly, we observed two distinct ET dynamics in water, corresponding to a stacked configuration with ultrafast ET in 0.7 ps and back ET in 4.5 ps and a partially folded C-clamp conformation with ET in 322 ps but back ET in 17 ps. In acetonitrile and dioxane, only the C-clamp conformations were observed with ET in 470 and 1068 ps and back ET in 110 and 94 ps, respectively. These relatively slow ET dynamics in hundreds of picoseconds all showed significant conformation heterogeneity and followed a stretched decay behavior. With both forward and back ET rates determined, we derived solvent reorganization energies and coupling constants. Significantly, we found that solvent molecules intercalated in the cleft of the C-clamp structure mediate electron transfer with a tunneling parameter (β) of 1.0-1.4 Å(-1) and the high-frequency vibration modes in the product(s) couple with the back ET process, leading to the ultrafast back ET dynamics in tens of picoseconds. These findings provide mechanistic insights of nonequilibrium ET dynamics modulated by conformation flexibility, mediated by unique solvent configuration, and accelerated by vibrational coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Kao
- Department of Physics, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Nishioka H, Ando K. Pathway analysis of super-exchange electronic couplings in electron transfer reactions using a multi-configuration self-consistent field method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:7043-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Nishioka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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5
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Warman JM, De Haas MP, Yerhoeven JW, Paddon-Row MN. Photoinduced Electron Transfer within Donor-Spacer-Acceptor Molecular Assemblies Studied by Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141656.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Raineri FO, Friedman HL. Solvent Control of Electron Transfer Reactions. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141663.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Kokkin DL, Reilly NJ, Troy TP, Nauta K, Schmidt TW. Gas phase spectra of all-benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Triphenylene. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:084304. [PMID: 17343445 DOI: 10.1063/1.2484344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The jet-cooled laser-induced fluorescence and dispersed fluorescence spectra of the S1(A1')<--S0(A1') transition of triphenylene are reported. The spectra exhibit false origins of e' symmetry which are modeled by performing calculations of Herzberg-Teller coupling using time-dependent density functional theory. It is found that this level of theory reproduces the main features of the observed spectra. The oscillator strength of the strongest band is calculated to be f=7x10(-4). From a combination of theory and the observed upper state lifetime of 41 ns, an estimate of the fluorescence yield is made of PhiF=0.084, in agreement with previous studies in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian L Kokkin
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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8
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Chernick ET, Mi Q, Vega AM, Lockard JV, Ratner MA, Wasielewski MR. Controlling Electron Transfer Dynamics in Donor−Bridge−Acceptor Molecules by Increasing Unpaired Spin Density on the Bridge. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6728-37. [PMID: 17309293 DOI: 10.1021/jp068741v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A t-butylphenylnitroxide (BPNO*) stable radical is attached to an electron donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) system having well-defined distances between the components: MeOAn-6ANI-Ph(BPNO*)-NI, where MeOAn=p-methoxyaniline, 6ANI=4-(N-piperidinyl)naphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide, Ph=phenyl, and NI=naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide). MeOAn-6ANI, BPNO*, and NI are attached to the 1, 3, and 5 positions of the Ph bridge, respectively. Time-resolved optical and EPR spectroscopy show that BPNO* influences the spin dynamics of the photogenerated triradical states 2,4(MeOAn+*-6ANI-Ph(BPNO*)-NI-*), resulting in slower charge recombination within the triradical, as compared to the corresponding biradical lacking BPNO*. The observed spin-spin exchange interaction between the photogenerated radicals MeOAn+* and NI-* is not altered by the presence of BPNO*. However, the increased spin density on the bridge greatly increases radical pair (RP) intersystem crossing from the photogenerated singlet RP to the triplet RP. Rapid formation of the triplet RP makes it possible to observe a biexponential decay of the total RP population with components of tau=740 ps (0.75) and 104 ns (0.25). Kinetic modeling shows that the faster decay rate is due to rapid establishment of an equilibrium between the triplet RP and the neutral triplet state resulting from charge recombination, whereas the slower rate monitors recombination of the singlet RP to ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin T Chernick
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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9
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Harriman A, Rostron JP, Cesario M, Ulrich G, Ziessel R. Electron Transfer in Self-Assembled Orthogonal Structures. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7994-8002. [PMID: 16805483 DOI: 10.1021/jp054992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two new molecular dyads, comprising pyrromethene (bodipy) and 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine (terpy) subunits, have been synthesized and fully characterized. Absorption and fluorescence spectral profiles are dominated by contributions from the bodipy unit. Zinc(II) cations bind to the vacant terpy ligand to form both 1:1 and 1:2 (cation:ligand) complexes, as evidenced by X-ray structural data, NMR and spectrophotometric titrations. Attachment of the cations is accompanied by a substantial decrease in fluorescence from the bodipy chromophore due to intramolecular electron transfer across the orthogonal structure. At low temperature, nuclear tunneling occurs and the rate of electron transfer is essentially activationless. However, activated electron transfer is seen at higher temperatures and allows calculation of the corresponding reorganization energy and electronic coupling matrix element. In both cases, charge recombination is faster than charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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10
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Verhoeven JW, van Ramesdonk HJ, Groeneveld MM, Benniston AC, Harriman A. Long-Lived Charge-Transfer States in Compact Donor-Acceptor Dyads. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:2251-60. [PMID: 16273579 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer is a widely applied method to convert photon energy into a useful (electro)chemical potential, both in nature and in artificial devices. There is a continuing effort to develop molecular systems in which the charge-transfer state, populated by photoinduced electron transfer, survives sufficiently long to tap the energy stored in it. In general this has been found to require the construction of rather complex molecular systems, but more recently a few approaches have been reported that allow the use of much more simple and relatively small electron donor-acceptor dyads for this purpose. The most successful examples of such systems seem to be those that apply "electron spin control" to slow down the spontaneous decay of the charge-transfer state, and these are reviewed in this minireview, with a discussion of the underlying principles and a critical evaluation of some of the claims made with regard to using a pronounced "inverted-region effect" as an alternative method to prolong the lifetime of charge-transfer states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Verhoeven
- Department of Chemistry, HIMS, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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11
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Benniston AC, Harriman A, Li P, Rostron JP, van Ramesdonk HJ, Groeneveld MM, Zhang H, Verhoeven JW. Charge Shift and Triplet State Formation in the 9-Mesityl-10-methylacridinium Cation. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:16054-64. [PMID: 16287292 DOI: 10.1021/ja052967e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The target donor-acceptor compound forms an acridinium-like, locally excited (LE) singlet state on illumination with blue or near-UV light. This LE state undergoes rapid charge transfer from the acridinium ion to the orthogonally sited mesityl group in polar solution. The resultant charge-transfer (CT) state fluoresces in modest yield and decays on the nanosecond time scale. The LE and CT states reside in thermal equilibrium at ambient temperature; decay of both states is weakly activated in fluid solution, but decay of the CT state is activationless in a glassy matrix. Analysis of the fluorescence spectrum allows precise location of the relevant energy levels. Intersystem crossing competes with radiative and nonradiative decay of the CT state such that an acridinium-like, locally excited triplet state is formed in both fluid solution and a glassy matrix. Phosphorescence spectra position the triplet energy well below that of the CT state. The triplet decays via first-order kinetics with a lifetime of ca. 30 micros at room temperature in the absence of oxygen but survives for ca. 5 ms in an ethanol glass at 77 K. The quantum yield for formation of the LE triplet state is 0.38 but increases by a factor of 2.3-fold in the presence of iodomethane. The triplet reacts with molecular oxygen to produce singlet molecular oxygen in high quantum yield. In sharp contradiction to a recent literature report, there is no spectroscopic evidence to indicate the presence of an unusually long-lived CT state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Benniston
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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12
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Warman JM, Piris J, Pisula W, Kastler M, Wasserfallen D, Müllen K. Charge Recombination via Intercolumnar Electron Tunneling through the Lipid-like Mantle of Discotic Hexa-alkyl-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:14257-62. [PMID: 16218620 DOI: 10.1021/ja053225o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recombination of the mobile charge carriers formed in pulse-ionized hexa-alkyl-substituted hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes occurs mainly via intercolumnar electron tunneling through the intervening hydrocarbon mantle. This is evidenced as a dramatic increase in the time scale of the decay of the radiation-induced conductivity from a few hundred nanoseconds to close to a millisecond as the peripheral alkyl substituents increase in size from 8 to 24 carbon atoms with corresponding disk diameters, D, from 23.4 to 36.6 A. The decay kinetics are a function only of the total number of peripheral carbon atoms with no evidence for specific effects of chain branching. The 1/e decay time, tau(e), increases exponentially with D according to tau(e) = tau(e)(0) exp(betaD) with tau(e)(0) = 48 fs and beta = 0.63 A(-1). Taking into account the tilted columnar configuration of the molecules in the solid phase leads to a beta value of ca. 0.8 A(-1) for the distance dependence of intercolumnar electron tunneling. In contrast to the orders of magnitude changes in the time scale for intercolumnar charge recombination, the intracolumnar charge hopping times vary by only a factor of 4, between 40 and 160 fs, with no systematic dependence on the nature of the alkyl substituents. On the basis of the results, the time scale estimated for electron tunneling across a 40 A thick lipid membrane is estimated to be close to 1 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Warman
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
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Lin J, Beratan DN. Tunneling while Pulling: The Dependence of Tunneling Current on End-to-End Distance in a Flexible Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0379502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Lin
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - David N. Beratan
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
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Berlin YA, Hutchison GR, Rempala P, Ratner MA, Michl J. Charge Hopping in Molecular Wires as a Sequence of Electron-Transfer Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034225i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A. Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Geoffrey R. Hutchison
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Pawel Rempala
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Josef Michl
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
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Paddon-Row MN. Orbital interactions and long-range electron transfer. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(03)38001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Miller SE, Zhao Y, Schaller R, Mulloni V, Just EM, Johnson RC, Wasielewski MR. Ultrafast electron transfer reactions initiated by excited CT states of push–pull perylenes. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Field dependent CIDNP from photochemically generated radical ion pairs in rigid bichromophoric systems. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Miller SE, Lukas AS, Marsh E, Bushard P, Wasielewski MR. Photoinduced Charge Separation Involving an Unusual Double Electron Transfer Mechanism in a Donor−Bridge−Acceptor Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja001298w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Miller
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Aaron S. Lukas
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Emily Marsh
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Patrick Bushard
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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Rurack K, Bricks JL, Schulz B, Maus M, Reck G, Resch-Genger U. Substituted 1,5-Diphenyl-3-benzothiazol-2-yl-Δ2-pyrazolines: Synthesis, X-ray Structure, Photophysics, and Cation Complexation Properties. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993404q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Knut Rurack
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine; and Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy (MDS), Department of Chemistry, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Julia L. Bricks
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine; and Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy (MDS), Department of Chemistry, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Burkhard Schulz
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine; and Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy (MDS), Department of Chemistry, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Michael Maus
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine; and Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy (MDS), Department of Chemistry, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Günter Reck
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine; and Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy (MDS), Department of Chemistry, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine; and Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy (MDS), Department of Chemistry, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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21
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Wegner M, Fischer H, Koeberg M, Verhoeven JW, Oliver AM, Paddon-Row MN. Time-resolved CIDNP from photochemically generated radical ion pairs in rigid bichromophoric systems. Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Gattinger P, Rengel H, Neher D, Gurka M, Buck M, van de Craats AM, Warman JM. Mechanism of Charge Transport in Anisotropic Layers of a Phthalocyanine Polymer. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983734v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Flamigni L, Barigelletti F, Armaroli N, Ventura B, Collin JP, Sauvage JP, Williams JAG. Triplet−Triplet Energy Transfer between Porphyrins Linked via a Ruthenium(II) Bisterpyridine Complex. Inorg Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ic980847k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Flamigni
- Istituto di Fotochimica e Radiazioni d'Alta Energia del CNR (FRAE-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale (UMR 7513), Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Francesco Barigelletti
- Istituto di Fotochimica e Radiazioni d'Alta Energia del CNR (FRAE-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale (UMR 7513), Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Nicola Armaroli
- Istituto di Fotochimica e Radiazioni d'Alta Energia del CNR (FRAE-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale (UMR 7513), Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Istituto di Fotochimica e Radiazioni d'Alta Energia del CNR (FRAE-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale (UMR 7513), Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jean-Paul Collin
- Istituto di Fotochimica e Radiazioni d'Alta Energia del CNR (FRAE-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale (UMR 7513), Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Istituto di Fotochimica e Radiazioni d'Alta Energia del CNR (FRAE-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale (UMR 7513), Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - J. A. Gareth Williams
- Istituto di Fotochimica e Radiazioni d'Alta Energia del CNR (FRAE-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale (UMR 7513), Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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24
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Speiser S. Intramolecular Electronic Energy Transfer in a Supersonic Jet Expansion. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199800053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Photophysics of the naphthalene—anthracene bichromophoric molecular system in a supersonic jet expansion. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(97)00275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Curtiss LA, Miller JR. Distance Dependence of Electronic Coupling through Trans Alkyl Chains: Effects of Electron Correlation. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Roest MR, Oliver AM, Paddon-Row MN, Verhoeven JW. Distance Dependence of Singlet and Triplet Charge Recombination Pathways in a Series of Rigid Bichromophoric Systems. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970969i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Roest
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anna M. Oliver
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael N. Paddon-Row
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jan W. Verhoeven
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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28
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Factoring through-space and through-bond contributions to rates of photoinduced electron transfer in donor—spacer—acceptor molecules. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(96)04365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Warman JM, Schouten PG, Gelinck GH, de Haas MP. The disperse kinetics of intercolumnar charge recombination in pulse-irradiated mesomorphic phthalocyanines. Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(96)00143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Speiser S. Photophysics and Mechanisms of Intramolecular Electronic Energy Transfer in Bichromophoric Molecular Systems: Solution and Supersonic Jet Studies. Chem Rev 1996; 96:1953-1976. [PMID: 11848817 DOI: 10.1021/cr941193+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shammai Speiser
- Department of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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31
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Lawson JM, Oliver AM, Rothenfluh DF, An YZ, Ellis GA, Ranasinghe MG, Khan SI, Franz AG, Ganapathi PS, Shephard MJ, Paddon-Row MN, Rubin Y. Synthesis of a Variety of Bichromophoric “Ball-and-Chain” Systems Based on Buckminsterfullerene (C60) for the Study of Intramolecular Electron and Energy Transfer Processes. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo960512p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Lawson
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Anna M. Oliver
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Daniel F. Rothenfluh
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Yi-Zhong An
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - George A. Ellis
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Millagahamada G. Ranasinghe
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Saeed I. Khan
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Andreas G. Franz
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Padma S. Ganapathi
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Michael J. Shephard
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Michael N. Paddon-Row
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Yves Rubin
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
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Greenfield SR, Svec WA, Gosztola D, Wasielewski MR. Multistep Photochemical Charge Separation in Rod-like Molecules Based on Aromatic Imides and Diimides. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9600789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Greenfield
- Contribution from the Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Walter A. Svec
- Contribution from the Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - David Gosztola
- Contribution from the Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Contribution from the Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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Roest MR, Verhoeven JW, Schuddeboom W, Warman JM, Lawson JM, Paddon-Row MN. Solvent and Distance Dependent Charge Separation in Rigid Trichromophoric Systems. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9532749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Roest
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jan W. Verhoeven
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wouter Schuddeboom
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John M. Warman
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James M. Lawson
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael N. Paddon-Row
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands, and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Barigelletti F, Flamigni L, Guardigli M, Juris A, Beley M, Chodorowski-Kimmes S, Collin JP, Sauvage JP. Energy Transfer in Rigid Ru(II)/Os(II) Dinuclear Complexes with Biscyclometalating Bridging Ligands Containing a Variable Number of Phenylene Units. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:136-142. [PMID: 11666175 DOI: 10.1021/ic9503085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared rodlike cyclometalated Ru(II)/Os(II) dinuclear complexes, (ttp)Ru(dpb-(ph)(n)()-dpb)Os(ttp)(2+), where the biscyclometalating bridging ligands contain dipyridylbenzene fragments, dbp, separated by a variable number, n, of phenylene spacers, and the terminal ligand is a terpyridine derivative [dpbH is di-2-pyridyl-1,3-benzene, ttp is 4'-p-tolyl-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine, and n = 0-2]. The rigid bridging ligands keep the metal centers at a distance r(MM) = 11, 15.5, and 20 Å, depending on n. Photoinduced energy transfer has been investigated by luminescence spectroscopy in nitrile solvents at room temperature and at 77 K (i.e., in frozen medium). According to a classical description of the process, the energy transfer occurs in a nearly activationless regime, is governed by electronic factors, and can be described in terms of the Dexter-type mechanism. The obtained energy transfer rates roughly span 3 orders of magnitude and indicate (i) that the temperature (i.e., the state of the solvent) has a small influence on the process and (ii) that the interposed phenylene spacers are weak attenuators of intercenter electronic coupling, H [H = H(0) exp(-betar(MM)), with beta approximately 0.33 Å(-)(1)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Barigelletti
- Istituto FRAE-CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Chimico "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minerale, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chimie, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
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Matyushov DV, Schmid R. Optical and radiationless intramolecular electron transitions in nonpolar fluids: Relative effects of induction and dispersion interactions. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Matyushov DV, Schmid R. Charge separation/recombination reactions in non-polar fluids: a molecular description. Mol Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979500100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Osuka A, Marumo S, Maruyama K, Mataga N, Tanaka Y, Taniguchi S, Okada T, Yamazaki I, Nishimura Y. Sequential Electron Transfer Leading to Long-Lived Charge Separated State in a Porphyrin–Oxochlorin–Pyromellitdimide Triad. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1995. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.68.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Küster J, Löhmannsröben HG, Sander T. Kinetic and standard thermodynamic parameters of photoinduced charge separation reactions in a bichromophoric anthracene-containing molecule from time-resolved fluorescence measurements in different solvents and solvent mixtures and at different temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/c39950002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Laporte L, McDowell LM, Kirmaier C, Schenck CC, Holten D. Insights into the factors controlling the rates of the deactivation processes that compete with charge separation in photosynthetic reaction centers. Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(93)80265-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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