1
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Wu Y, Sun J, Li Z, Zhang Z, Luo Z, Chang Y, Wu G, Zhang W, Yu S, Yuan K, Yang X. Photodissociation dynamics of SO2 via the G̃1B1 state: The O(1D2) and O(1S0) product channels. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164311. [PMID: 38661196 DOI: 10.1063/5.0208090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Produced by both nature and human activities, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important species in the earth's atmosphere. SO2 has also been found in the atmospheres of other planets and satellites in the solar system. The photoabsorption cross sections and photodissociation of SO2 have been studied for several decades. In this paper, we reported the experimental results for photodissociation dynamics of SO2 via the G̃1B1 state. By analyzing the images from the time-sliced velocity map ion imaging method, the vibrational state population distributions and anisotropy parameters were obtained for the O(1D2) + SO(X3Σ-, a1Δ, b1Σ+) and O(1S0) + SO(X3Σ-) channels, and the branching ratios for the channels O(1D2) + SO(X3Σ-), O(1D2) + SO(a1Δ), and O(1D2) + SO(b1Σ+) were determined to be ∼0.3, ∼0.6, and ∼0.1, respectively. The SO products were dominant in electronically and rovibrationally excited states, which may have yet unrecognized roles in the upper planetary atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaoxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zijie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengrui Yu
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Light Source Research, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Chang Y, Fu Y, Chen Z, Luo Z, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhang W, Wu G, Fu B, Zhang DH, Ashfold MNR, Yang X, Yuan K. Vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of sulfur dioxide and its implications for oxygen production in the early Earth's atmosphere. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8255-8261. [PMID: 37564413 PMCID: PMC10411858 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03328g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of molecular oxygen (O2) in the Earth's primitive atmosphere is an issue of major interest. Although the biological processes leading to its accumulation in the Earth's atmosphere are well understood, its abiotic source is still not fully established. Here, we report a new direct dissociation channel yielding S(1D) + O2(a1Δg/X3Σg-) products from vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation of SO2 in the wavelength range between 120 and 160 nm. Experimental results show O2 production to be an important channel from SO2 VUV photodissociation, with a branching ratio of 30 ± 5% at the H Lyman-α wavelength (121.6 nm). The relatively large amounts of SO2 emitted from volcanic eruptions in the Earth's late Archaean eon imply that VUV photodissociation of SO2 could have provided a crucial additional source term in the O2 budget in the Earth's primitive atmosphere. The results could also have implications for abiotic oxygen formation on other planets with atmospheres rich in volcanically outgassed SO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yanlin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zijie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University Liaoning 116026 China
| | - Yarui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Bina Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Light Source Research, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | | | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Light Source Research, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088 China
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3
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Basumallick S, Sajeev Y, Pal S, Vaval N. Negative Ion Resonance States: The Fock-Space Coupled-Cluster Way. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10407-10421. [PMID: 33327725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The negative ion resonance states, which are electron-molecule metastable compound states, play the most important role in free-electron controlled molecular reactions and low-energy free-electron-induced DNA damage. Their electronic structure is often only poorly described but crucial to an understanding of their reaction dynamics. One of the most important challenges to current electronic structure theory is the computation of negative ion resonance states. As a major step forward, coupled-cluster theories, which are well-known for their ability to produce the best approximate bound state electronic eigen solutions, are upgraded to offer the most accurate and effective approximations for negative ion resonance states. The existing Fock-space coupled-cluster (FSCC) and the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) approaches that compute bound states are redesigned for the direct and simultaneous determination of both the kinetic energy of the free electron at which the electron-molecule compound states are resonantly formed and the corresponding autodetachment decay rate of the electron from the metastable compound state. This Feature Article reviews the computation of negative ion resonances using the FSCC approach and, in passing, provides the highlights of the equivalent EOM-CC approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhita Basumallick
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Y Sajeev
- Theoretical Chemistry Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Sourav Pal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741 246, West Bengal, India
| | - Nayana Vaval
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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4
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da Silva RS, Ballester MY. A theoretical investigation of the $${{\rm SO}}({{B}^{3}\Sigma ^{-}{-}{X}^{3}\Sigma ^{-}}$$) vibronic transition using accurate analytical potential energy functions. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-2571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Basumallick S, Bhattacharya S, Jana I, Vaval N, Pal S. Shape resonance of sulphur dioxide anion excited states using the CAP-CIP-FSMRCCSD method. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1726521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina Jana
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | | | - Sourav Pal
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
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6
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Jiang B, Kumar P, Kłos J, Alexander MH, Poirier B, Guo H. First-principles C band absorption spectra of SO 2 and its isotopologues. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:154305. [PMID: 28433016 DOI: 10.1063/1.4980124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-energy wing of the C∼B21←X∼1A1 absorption spectra for SO2 in the ultraviolet region is computed for the 32S,33S,34S and 36S isotopes, using the recently developed ab initio potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the two electronic states and the corresponding transition dipole surface. The state-resolved absorption spectra from various ro-vibrational states of SO2(X∼1A1) are computed. When contributions of these excited ro-vibrational states are included, the thermally averaged spectra are broadened but maintain their key characters. Excellent agreement with experimental absorption spectra is found, validating the accuracy of the PESs. The isotope shifts of the absorption peaks are found to increase linearly with energy, in good agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Jacek Kłos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Millard H Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Bill Poirier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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7
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Kłos J, Alexander MH, Kumar P, Poirier B, Jiang B, Guo H. New ab initio adiabatic potential energy surfaces and bound state calculations for the singlet ground X̃1A1 and excited C̃1B2(21A′) states of SO2. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:174301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4947526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kłos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Millard H. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Bill Poirier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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8
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Park GB, Jiang J, Field RW. The origin of unequal bond lengths in the C̃1B2
state of SO2: Signatures of high-lying potential energy surface crossings
in the low-lying vibrational structure. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:144313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4945622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Barratt Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,
USA
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,
USA
| | - Robert W. Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,
USA
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9
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Abeysekera C, Zack LN, Park GB, Joalland B, Oldham JM, Prozument K, Ariyasingha NM, Sims IR, Field RW, Suits AG. A chirped-pulse Fourier-transform microwave/pulsed uniform flow spectrometer. II. Performance and applications for reaction dynamics. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:214203. [PMID: 25481137 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This second paper in a series of two reports on the performance of a new instrument for studying chemical reaction dynamics and kinetics at low temperatures. Our approach employs chirped-pulse Fourier-transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectroscopy to probe photolysis and bimolecular reaction products that are thermalized in pulsed uniform flows. Here we detail the development and testing of a new K(a)-band CP-FTMW spectrometer in combination with the pulsed flow system described in Paper I [J. M. Oldham, C. Abeysekera, B. Joalland, L. N. Zack, K. Prozument, I. R. Sims, G. B. Park, R. W. Field, and A. G. Suits, J. Chem. Phys. 141, 154202 (2014)]. This combination delivers broadband spectra with MHz resolution and allows monitoring, on the μs timescale, of the appearance of transient reaction products. Two benchmark reactive systems are used to illustrate and characterize the performance of this new apparatus: the photodissociation of SO2 at 193 nm, for which the vibrational populations of the SO product are monitored, and the reaction between CN and C2H2, for which the HCCCN product is detected in its vibrational ground state. The results show that the combination of these two well-matched techniques, which we refer to as chirped-pulse in uniform flow, also provides insight into the vibrational and rotational relaxation kinetics of the nascent reaction products. Future directions are discussed, with an emphasis on exploring the low temperature chemistry of complex polyatomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamara Abeysekera
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Lindsay N Zack
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - G Barratt Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - James M Oldham
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Kirill Prozument
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Ian R Sims
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Robert W Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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10
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Park GB, Womack CC, Whitehill AR, Jiang J, Ono S, Field RW. Millimeter-wave optical double resonance schemes for rapid assignment of perturbed spectra, with applications to the C̃1B2 state of SO2. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:144201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4916908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Barratt Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Caroline C. Womack
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Andrew R. Whitehill
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Shuhei Ono
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert W. Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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11
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Wilkinson I, Boguslavskiy AE, Mikosch J, Bertrand JB, Wörner HJ, Villeneuve DM, Spanner M, Patchkovskii S, Stolow A. Excited state dynamics in SO2. I. Bound state relaxation studied by time-resolved photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2015; 140:204301. [PMID: 24880274 DOI: 10.1063/1.4875035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excited state dynamics of isolated sulfur dioxide molecules have been investigated using the time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and time-resolved photoelectron-photoion coincidence techniques. Excited state wavepackets were prepared in the spectroscopically complex, electronically mixed (B̃)(1)B1/(Ã)(1)A2, Clements manifold following broadband excitation at a range of photon energies between 4.03 eV and 4.28 eV (308 nm and 290 nm, respectively). The resulting wavepacket dynamics were monitored using a multiphoton ionisation probe. The extensive literature associated with the Clements bands has been summarised and a detailed time domain description of the ultrafast relaxation pathways occurring from the optically bright (B̃)(1)B1 diabatic state is presented. Signatures of the oscillatory motion on the (B̃)(1)B1/(Ã)(1)A2 lower adiabatic surface responsible for the Clements band structure were observed. The recorded spectra also indicate that a component of the excited state wavepacket undergoes intersystem crossing from the Clements manifold to the underlying triplet states on a sub-picosecond time scale. Photoelectron signal growth time constants have been predominantly associated with intersystem crossing to the (c̃)(3)B2 state and were measured to vary between 750 and 150 fs over the implemented pump photon energy range. Additionally, pump beam intensity studies were performed. These experiments highlighted parallel relaxation processes that occurred at the one- and two-pump-photon levels of excitation on similar time scales, obscuring the Clements band dynamics when high pump beam intensities were implemented. Hence, the Clements band dynamics may be difficult to disentangle from higher order processes when ultrashort laser pulses and less-differential probe techniques are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Wilkinson
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Andrey E Boguslavskiy
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Jochen Mikosch
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Julien B Bertrand
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - David M Villeneuve
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Michael Spanner
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Serguei Patchkovskii
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
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12
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Miliordos E, Xantheas SS. On the bonding nature of ozone (O3) and its sulfur-substituted analogues SO2, OS2, and S3: correlation between their biradical character and molecular properties. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2808-17. [PMID: 24499187 DOI: 10.1021/ja410726u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the bonding mechanism in ozone (O3) and its sulfur-substituted analogues, SO2, OS2, and S3. By analyzing their ground-state multireference configuration interaction wave functions, we demonstrate that the bonding in these systems can be represented as a mixture of a closed-shell structure with one and a half bonds between the central and terminal atoms and an open-shell structure with a single bond and two lone electrons on each terminal atom (biradical). The biradical character (β) further emerges as a simple measure of the relative contribution of those two classical Lewis structures emanating from the interpretation of the respective wave functions. Our analysis yields a biradical character of 3.5% for OSO, 4.4% for SSO, 11% for S3, 18% for O3, 26% for SOO, and 35% for SOS. The size/electronegativity of the end atoms relative to the central one is the prevalent factor for determining the magnitude of β: smaller and more electronegative central atoms better accommodate a pair of electrons facilitating the localization of the remaining two lone π-electrons on each of the end atoms, therefore increasing the weight of the second picture in the mixed bonding scenario (larger β). The proposed mixture of these two bonding scenarios allows for the definition of the bond order of the covalent bonds being (3-β)/2, and this accounts for the different O-O, S-S, or S-O bond lengths in the triatomic series. The biradical character was furthermore found to be a useful concept for explaining several structural and energetic trends in the series: larger values of β mark a smaller singlet-triplet splitting, closer bond lengths in the ground (1)A' and the first excited (3)A' states, and larger bond dissociation and atomization energies in the ground state. The latter explains the relative energy difference between the OSS/SOS and OOS/OSO isomers due to their different β values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Miliordos
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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13
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14
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Rufus J, Stark G, Thorne AP, Pickering JC, Blackwell-Whitehead RJ, Blackie D, Smith PL. High-resolution photoabsorption cross-section measurements of SO2at 160 K between 199 and 220 nm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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16
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17
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18
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Li A, Suo B, Wen Z, Wang Y. Potential energy surfaces for low-lying electronic states of SO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-006-0289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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The asymptotic region of the potential energy surfaces relevant for the O(3P)+SO(X3Σ−) reaction. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Palmer * MH, Shaw DA, Guest MF. The electronically excited and ionic states of sulphur dioxide: anab initiomolecular orbital CI study and comparison with spectral data. Mol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970512331338135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Brouard M, Cireasa R, Clark AP, Preston TJ, Vallance C, Groenenboom GC, Vasyutinskii OS. O(3PJ) Alignment from the Photodissociation of SO2 at 193 nm. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049328v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - R. Cireasa
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - A. P. Clark
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - T. J. Preston
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - C. Vallance
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - G. C. Groenenboom
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, NSRIM, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O. S. Vasyutinskii
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Lu CW, Wu YJ, Lee YP, Zhu RS, Lin MC. Experiments and Calculations on Rate Coefficients for Pyrolysis of SO2 and the Reaction O + SO at High Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hurley SM, Dermota TE, Hydutsky DP, Castleman AW. Photodissociation of SO2 Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Hurley
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - T. E. Dermota
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - D. P. Hydutsky
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Abu-Bajeh M, Cameron M, Jung KH, Kappel C, Läuter A, Lee KS, Upadhyaya H, Vatsa RK, Volpp HR. Absolute quantum yield measurements for the formation of oxygen atoms after UV laser excitation of SO2 at 222-4 nm. J CHEM SCI 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02708860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zúñiga J, Bastida A, Requena A. Optimal generalized internal vibrational coordinates and potential energy surface for the ground electronic state of SO2. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1377893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Absorption and resonance emission spectra of SO2(X̃1A1/C̃1B2) calculated from ab initio potential energy and transition dipole moment surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Parsons B, Butler LJ, Xie D, Guo H. A combined experimental and theoretical study of resonance emission spectra of SO2(C̃ ). Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Stark G, Smith PL, Rufus J, Thorne AP, Pickering JC, Cox G. High-resolution photoabsorption cross-section measurements of SO2at 295 K between 198 and 220 nm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Investigation of the potential energy surfaces for the ground X̃1A1 and excited C̃1B2 electronic states of SO2. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ray PC, Arendt MF, Butler LJ. Resonance emission spectroscopy of predissociating SO2 C̃(1 1B2): Coupling with a repulsive 1A1 state near 200 nm. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Braatz C, Tiemann E. State-to-state dissociation of SO2 in C̃ 1B2: Rotational distributions of the fragment SO. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(97)00381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Experimental and theoretical exploration of photodissociation of SO2 via the C̃1B2 state: identification of the dissociation pathway. J Mol Struct 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(97)00199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jones KM, Maleki S, Bize S, Lett PD, Williams CJ, Richling H, Knöckel H, Tiemann E, Wang H, Gould PL, Stwalley WC. Direct measurement of the ground-state dissociation energy of Na2. PHYSICAL REVIEW A 1996; 54:R1006-R1009. [PMID: 9913658 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.r1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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