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Haghshenas H, Spano FC. Impact of Local and Nonlocal Vibronic Coupling on the Absorption and Emission Spectra of J- and H-Dimers. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4790-4803. [PMID: 38768310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The impact of exciton-vibrational (EV) coupling involving low-energy ("slow") intermolecular vibrations and higher-energy ("fast") intramolecular vibrations on the absorption and emission spectra of H- and J-dimers is studied theoretically for a pair of chromophores with excitonic coupling dominated by transition dipole-dipole coupling, JC. Exact quantum-mechanical solutions based on a Frenkel-Holstein-Peierls Hamiltonian reveal a fascinating interplay between the two coupling sources in determining the spectral line widths, Stoke shifts and radiative decay rates. It is shown that the ratio rules derived from the vibronic progression of the fast mode in molecular dimers remain valid under the influence of slow-mode EV coupling under most conditions. However, a highly unusual aggregate behavior occurs when the product of local and nonlocal couplings, |gLgNL|, exceeds 2ℏωs|JC|, where ℏωs is the energy of the slow mode. In this regime and when gL and gNL are in-phase, an H-dimer (JC > 0) becomes strongly emissive and can even be super-radiant, while a J-dimer (JC < 0) with out-of-phase gL and gNL values becomes subradiant. Such behaviors are in marked contrast to the predictions of Kasha theory and demonstrate the richness of the photophysical behavior resulting from EV coupling involving inter- and intramolecular vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haghshenas
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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2
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Nellissen AC, Fron E, Vandenwijngaerden JBF, De Feyter S, Mertens SFL, Van der Auweraer M. Spectroscopic Characterization of Thiacarbocyanine Dye Molecules Adsorbed on Hexagonal Boron Nitride: a Time-Resolved Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35638-35652. [PMID: 37810698 PMCID: PMC10552479 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Physisorption on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) gained interest over the years thanks to its properties (chemically and thermally stable, insulating properties, etc.) and similarities to the well-known graphene. A recent study showed flat-on adsorption of several cationic thiacarbocyanine dyes on hBN with a tendency to form weakly coupled H- or I-type aggregates, while a zwitterionic thiacarbocyanine dye rather led to a tilted adsorption. With this in-depth time-resolved study using the TC-SPC technique, we confirm the results proven by adsorption isotherms, atomic force microscopy, and stationary state spectroscopy combined with molecular mechanics simulations and estimation of the corresponding exciton interaction. The absence of a systematic trend for the dependence of the decay times, normalized amplitudes of the decay components, and contribution of different components to the stationary emission spectra upon the emission wavelength observed for all studied dyes and coverages suggests the occurrence of a single emitting species. At low coverage levels, the non-mono-exponential character of the decays was attributed to adsorption on different sites characterized by different intramolecular rotational freedom or energy transfer to nonfluorescent traps or a combination of both. The difference between the decay rates of the four dyes reflects a different density of the nonfluorescent traps. Although the decay time of the unquenched dyes was in the order of magnitude of that of dye monomers in a rigid environment, it is also compatible with weakly coupled aggregates such as proposed earlier based on the stationary spectra. Hence, the adsorption leads to a rigid environment of the dyes, blocking internal conversion. Increasing the concentration of the dye solution from which the adsorption on hBN occurs increases not only the coverage of the hBN surface but also the extent of energy transfer to nonfluorescent traps. For TDC (5,5-dichloro-3-3'-diethyl-9-ethyl-thiacarbocyanine) and TD2 (3-3'-diethyl-9-ethyl-thiacarbocyanine), besides direct energy transfer to traps, exciton hopping between dye dimers followed by energy transfer to these traps occurs, which resulted in a decreasing decay time of the longest decaying component. For all dyes, it was also possible to analyze the fluorescence decays as a stretched exponential as would be expected for energy transfer to randomly distributed traps in a two-dimensional (2D) geometry. This analysis yielded a fluorescence decay time of the unquenched dyes similar to the longest decay time obtained by analysis of the fluorescence decays as a sum of three of four exponentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Charlotte Nellissen
- Laboratory
for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU
Leuven, Chem & Tech,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- Laboratory
for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU
Leuven, Chem & Tech,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Steven De Feyter
- Laboratory
for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU
Leuven, Chem & Tech,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn F. L. Mertens
- Department
of Chemistry, Energy Lancaster and Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Laboratory
for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU
Leuven, Chem & Tech,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Jones CD, Steed JW. Gels with sense: supramolecular materials that respond to heat, light and sound. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6546-6596. [PMID: 27711667 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00435k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the field of supramolecular chemistry have made it possible, in many situations, to reliably engineer soft materials to address a specific technological problem. Particularly exciting are "smart" gels that undergo reversible physical changes on exposure to remote, non-invasive environmental stimuli. This review explores the development of gels which are transformed by heat, light and ultrasound, as well as other mechanical inputs, applied voltages and magnetic fields. Focusing on small-molecule gelators, but with reference to organic polymers and metal-organic systems, we examine how the structures of gelator assemblies influence the physical and chemical mechanisms leading to thermo-, photo- and mechano-switchable behaviour. In addition, we evaluate how the unique and versatile properties of smart materials may be exploited in a wide range of applications, including catalysis, crystal growth, ion sensing, drug delivery, data storage and biomaterial replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan W Steed
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK.
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Bricks JL, Slominskii YL, Panas ID, Demchenko AP. Fluorescent J-aggregates of cyanine dyes: basic research and applications review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 6:012001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa8d0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Nekrasov AD, Shapiro BI, Kuzmin VA. Equilibrium transformations of meso-methylated thiacarbocyanine in aqueous solutions. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143914020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Tubasum S, Camacho R, Meyer M, Yadav D, Cogdell RJ, Pullerits T, Scheblykin IG. Evidence of excited state localization and static disorder in LH2 investigated by 2D-polarization single-molecule imaging at room temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:19862-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Würthner F, Kaiser TE, Saha-Möller CR. J-Aggregate: von ihrer zufälligen Entdeckung bis zum gezielten supramolekularen Aufbau funktioneller Farbstoffmaterialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Würthner F, Kaiser TE, Saha-Möller CR. J-Aggregates: From Serendipitous Discovery to Supramolecular Engineering of Functional Dye Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3376-410. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1790] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kaiser TE, Scheblykin IG, Thomsson D, Würthner F. Temperature-Dependent Exciton Dynamics in J-Aggregates—When Disorder Plays a Role. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:15836-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905246r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo E. Kaiser
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ivan G. Scheblykin
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Thomsson
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Tani K, Ito C, Hanawa Y, Uchida M, Otaguro K, Horiuchi H, Hiratsuka H. Photophysical property and photostability of J-aggregate thin films of thiacyanine dyes prepared by the spin-coating method. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:836-44. [PMID: 18171049 DOI: 10.1021/jp077088o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By use of electrostatic interactions of dye molecules and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), the spin-coating technique has been successfully applied to the preparation of stable J-aggregate thin films of thiacarbocyanine dyes on a polycarbonate or quartz plate. The J-aggregate thin films were prepared by the spin-coating of PDDA aqueous solution on dye thin films prepared on a substrate by the spin-coating of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol solution of dyes. Photophysical properties of the dye thin films and J-aggregate thin films were studied by measuring the fluorescence spectra, quantum yields, and lifetimes. Coherent size of the J-aggregates was estimated to be 3-12 by means of the absorption bandwidth (full width at half maximum) or radiative lifetime. Photostability of the J-aggregate thin films was also studied in terms of photodegradation efficiency under argon and oxygen in comparison with the dye thin films, and J-aggregate thin films were found to be more stable than the corresponding dye thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Tani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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11
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Malyukin Y. Coexistence of free and self-trapped excitons in disordered J-aggregates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200672139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Malyukin YV, Katrich GS, Kemnitz K. Optical Absorption Spectroscopy of Strongly Disordered J-Aggregates: Control of Off-Diagonal Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587250008024792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V. Malyukin
- Institute for Single Crystals, 60 Lenin Ave., 310001, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | | | - Klaus Kemnitz
- , Euro Photon GmbH. 27, Mozartstr, D-12247, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Spectroscopic properties of persistence-type dye aggregate in wide temperature range. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Bojarski P, Synak A, Kułak L, Kubicki A. Electronic Excitation Energy Migration in Partly Ordered Polymeric Films. J Fluoresc 2006; 16:309-16. [PMID: 16470351 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-005-0038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multistep intermolecular energy migration between elongated fluorophores (carbocyanines) in uniaxially oriented polymer films is studied based on fluorescence depolarization and Monte-Carlo simulations. Contrary to disordered systems it is found experimentally that the concentration depolarization of fluorescence in uniaxially oriented films is extremely weak despite effective energy migration. Based on the concentration depolarization experiment in the ordered matrix it is possible to estimate the angle between absorption and fluorescence transition moments of carbocyanines. The values of that angle are very close to those obtained from other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bojarski
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, PL-80-952, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Rousseau E, Koetse MM, Van der Auweraer M, De Schryyer FC. Comparison between J-aggregates in a self-assembled multilayer and polymer-bound J-aggregates in solution: a steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:395-406. [PMID: 12856707 DOI: 10.1039/b201690g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a thiacarbocyanine dye on a charged substrate via the layer-by-layer alternate adsorption technique was studied in detail. The influence of the chemical structure of the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte (PEL) in the multilayer on J-aggregate formation was investigated by means of absorption spectroscopy and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. J-Aggregates were formed yielding a bathochromic narrow absorption band. Fine tuning of the position of the absorption band is possible by incorporating other polyelectrolytes in the multilayer. The results obtained for the dye-polyelectrolyte multilayers were compared with measurements made on the aqueous dye-polyelectrolyte mixtures. The parameters obtained by fitting the fluorescence decays to several different models allowed us to suggest a mechanism for the non-radiative decay channel. The low fluorescence quantum yields and fast non-exponential fluorescence decays obtained for both the dye-polyelectrolyte multilayers and the aqueous dye polyelectrolyte mixtures were attributed to the trapping of a fast migrating exciton by a non-luminescent trap. The results related to J-aggregate formation, decay time and dimensionality of the aggregates were compared in solution and in a self-assembled multilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Rousseau
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001-Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
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16
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Van der Auweraer M, Scheblykin I. One-dimensional J-aggregates: Dependence of the properties of the exciton band on the model of the intermolecular coupling. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Scheblykin IG, Sliusarenko OY, Lepnev LS, Vitukhnovsky AG, Van der Auweraer M. Excitons in Molecular Aggregates of 3,3‘-Bis-[3-sulfopropyl]-5,5‘-dichloro-9- ethylthiacarbocyanine (THIATS): Temperature Dependent Properties. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004294m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. G. Scheblykin
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy, K.U.Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium, and P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, P. N. Lebedev Research Center in Physics, Leninsky pr. 53, 117924 Moscow, Russia
| | - O. Yu. Sliusarenko
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy, K.U.Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium, and P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, P. N. Lebedev Research Center in Physics, Leninsky pr. 53, 117924 Moscow, Russia
| | - L. S. Lepnev
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy, K.U.Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium, and P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, P. N. Lebedev Research Center in Physics, Leninsky pr. 53, 117924 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. G. Vitukhnovsky
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy, K.U.Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium, and P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, P. N. Lebedev Research Center in Physics, Leninsky pr. 53, 117924 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Van der Auweraer
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy, K.U.Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium, and P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, P. N. Lebedev Research Center in Physics, Leninsky pr. 53, 117924 Moscow, Russia
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Malyshev V, Glaeske H, Feller KH. Exciton–exciton annihilation in linear molecular aggregates at low temperature. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Scheblykin I, Varnavsky O, Verbouwe W, De Backer S, Van der Auweraer M, Vitukhnovsky A. Relaxation dynamics of excitons in J-aggregates revealing a two-component Davydov splitting. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)01290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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