1
|
Uray K, Pimm MV, Hudecz F. The effect of the branched chain polypeptide carrier on biodistribution of covalently attached B-cell epitope peptide (APDTRPAPG) derived from mucin 1 glycoprotein. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
2
|
Birindelli S, Colnaghi MI, Pilotti S. New Scm (Structuredness of the Cytoplasmatic Matrix)-Based Approach in Breast Cancer Detection. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 82:550-3. [PMID: 9061062 DOI: 10.1177/030089169608200607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background We evaluate the possibility to use a combination of techniques such as lymphocyte stimulation and the Cell Scan instrument for early detection of breast cancer. This method can detect differences in lymphocytes activation in the presence or absence of cancer. Methods The Cell Scan is a static cytometer system able to examine cellular membrane polarization. We screened 88 women with benign breast lesions, 207 women with mammary carcinoma and 325 healthy blood donors. After lymphocytes separation, each blood sample was incubated with encephalitogenic factor (EF), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and Breast Antigen (BrAg) then SCM test was performed. Results Positivity was 50% among breast cancer patients, 34% among women affected by benign disease and 27% and 22% respectively among healthy female and male controls with an increase of the specific predictivity of the test during the period of ovulation. A significant difference ( P <0.0001) was observed between healthy donors and breast cancer patients. Conclusions This results suggest that the Cell Scan test could be useful to investigate patient's immunogenicity to molecules known to be involved in tumor development and progression, such as oncogene or suppressor gene products, which could be appropriate targets for immune-derived therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Birindelli
- Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica e Citopatologia, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Bridging innate and adaptive antitumor immunity targeting glycans. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:354068. [PMID: 20617150 PMCID: PMC2896669 DOI: 10.1155/2010/354068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective immunotherapy for cancer depends on cellular responses to tumor antigens. The role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in T-cell recognition and T-cell receptor repertoire selection has become a central tenet in immunology. Structurally, this does not contradict earlier findings that T-cells can differentiate between small hapten structures like simple glycans. Understanding T-cell recognition of antigens as defined genetically by MHC and combinatorially by T cell receptors led to the “altered self” hypothesis. This notion reflects a more fundamental principle underlying immune surveillance and integrating evolutionarily and mechanistically diverse elements of the immune system. Danger associated molecular patterns, including those generated by glycan remodeling, represent an instance of altered self. A prominent example is the modification of the tumor-associated antigen MUC1. Similar examples emphasize glycan reactivity patterns of antigen receptors as a phenomenon bridging innate and adaptive but also humoral and cellular immunity and providing templates for immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Schuman JT, Grinstead JS, Apostolopoulos V, Campbell AP. Structural and dynamic consequences of increasing repeats in a MUC1 peptide tumor antigen. Biopolymers 2005; 77:107-20. [PMID: 15635690 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 mucin is a large transmembrane glycoprotein whose extracelluler domain is composed of repeating units of a 20 amino acid sequence. In the cancer associated state, this protein expression becomes upregulated and underglycosylated. Previous studies, which show an enhanced binding of a 5-repeat over a 1-repeat MUC1 peptide to a panel of anti-MUC1 antibodies, have led us to investigate the structural and dynamic consequences of increasing repeat number. Two MUC1 peptides were studied: a 16mer corresponding to slightly less than one full repeat of the MUC1 tandem repeat sequence (GVTSAPDTRPAPGSTA) and a 40mer corresponding to two full repeats of the MUC1 sequence (VTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHG)2. Isotopically labeled versions of these MUC1 peptides were cloned, expressed, purified, and evaluated structurally and dynamically using 15N- and 13C-edited NMR approaches. The data show that MUC1 structure, dynamics, and antibody binding affinity are invariant with increasing repeat number. In light of these results, we conclude that the enhanced antibody affinity of the 5-repeat over the 1-repeat MUC1 peptide is due to multivalency effects, and not due to the development of higher order structure in the longer length peptides. The implications of these results are discussed within the context of a multiple repeat MUC1 breast cancer vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Schuman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morse MA, Lyerly H, Clay TM, Abdel-Wahab O, Chui SY, Garst J, Gollob J, Grossi PM, Kalady M, Mosca PJ, Onaitis M, Sampson JH, Seigler HF, Toloza EM, Tyler D, Vieweg J, Yang Y. How does the immune system attack cancer? Curr Probl Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
Grinstead JS, Schuman JT, Campbell AP. Epitope Mapping of Antigenic MUC1 Peptides to Breast Cancer Antibody Fragment B27.29: A Heteronuclear NMR Study†. Biochemistry 2003; 42:14293-305. [PMID: 14640698 DOI: 10.1021/bi0301237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 mucin is a breast cancer-associated transmembrane glycoprotein, of which the extracellular domain is formed by the repeating 20-amino acid sequence GVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAH. In neoplastic breast tissue, the highly immunogenic sequence PDTRPAP (in bold above) is exposed. Antibodies raised directly against MUC1-expressing tumors offer unique access to this neoplastic state, as they represent immunologically relevant "reverse templates" of the tumor-associated mucin. In a previous study [Grinstead, J. S., et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 9946-9961], (1)H NMR methods were used to correlate the effects of cryptic glycosylation outside of the PDTRPAP core epitope sequence on the recognition and binding of Mab B27.29, a monoclonal antibody raised against breast tumor cells. In the study presented here, isotope-edited NMR methods, including (15)N and (13)C relaxation measurements, were used to probe the recognition and binding of the PDTRPAP epitope sequence to Fab B27.29. Two peptides were studied: a one-repeat MUC1 16mer peptide of the sequence GVTSAPDTRPAPGSTA and a two-repeat MUC1 40mer peptide of the sequence (VTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAHG)(2). (15)N and (13)C NMR relaxation parameters were measured for both peptides free in solution and bound to Fab B27.29. The (13)C(alpha) T(1) values best represent changes in the local correlation time of the peptide epitope upon binding antibody, and demonstrate that the PDTRPAP sequence is immobilized in the antibody-combining site. This result is also reflected in the appearance of the (15)N- and (13)C-edited HSQC spectra, where line broadening of the same peptide epitope resonances is observed. The PDTRPAP peptide epitope expands upon the peptide epitope identified previously in our group as PDTRP by homonuclear NMR experiments [Grinstead, J. S., et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 9946-9961], and illustrates the usefulness of the heteronuclear NMR experiments. The implications of these results are discussed within the context of MUC1 breast cancer vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Grinstead
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fong CL, Hui KM. Generation of potent and specific cellular immune responses via in vivo stimulation of dendritic cells by pNGVL3-hFLex plasmid DNA and immunogenic peptides. Gene Ther 2002; 9:1127-38. [PMID: 12170376 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2001] [Accepted: 04/07/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells with exquisite capacity to interact with T cells to initiate strong primary cellular immune responses. The antigen-presenting capability of DC makes them attractive vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic cancer vaccines. Recently, we have demonstrated that the introduction of a recombinant gene encoding the human Flt3L gene into mice could result in the expansion of the DC population in vivo. In this report, we have introduced the human Flt-3L gene via naked DNA-based immunization in combination with the muc-1 tumor peptide to immunize mice. We demonstrated that the population of DC expanded following stimulation with the human Flt-3L gene in vivo is functional and they are able to elicit potent muc-1 peptide-specific cellular responses. The strategy described here allows the efficient generation of antigen-specific CTL immunity in vivo and has the potential to be applied in developing efficient protocols for antigen-specific immunotherapy of human malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Fong
- Gene Vector Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Center, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grinstead JS, Koganty RR, Krantz MJ, Longenecker BM, Campbell AP. Effect of glycosylation on MUC1 humoral immune recognition: NMR studies of MUC1 glycopeptide-antibody interactions. Biochemistry 2002; 41:9946-61. [PMID: 12146959 DOI: 10.1021/bi012176z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 mucin is a large transmembrane glycoprotein, of which the extracellular domain is formed by a repeating 20 amino acid sequence, GVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAH. In normal breast epithelial cells, the extracellular domain is densely covered with highly branched complex carbohydrate structures. However, in neoplastic breast tissue, the extracellular domain is underglycosylated, resulting in the exposure of a highly immunogenic core peptide epitope (PDTRP in bold above) as well as the normally cryptic core Tn (GalNAc), STn (sialyl alpha2-6 GalNAc), and TF (Gal beta1-3 GalNAc) carbohydrates. In the present study, NMR methods were used to correlate the effects of cryptic glycosylation outside of the PDTRP core epitope region to the recognition and binding of a monoclonal antibody, Mab B27.29, raised against the intact tumor-associated MUC1 mucin. Four peptides were studied: a MUC1 16mer peptide of the sequence Gly1-Val2-Thr3-Ser4-Ala5-Pro6-Asp7-Thr8-Arg9-Pro10-Ala11-Pro12-Gly13-Ser14-Thr15-Ala16, two singly Tn-glycosylated versions of this peptide at either Thr3 or Ser4, and a doubly Tn-glycosylated version at both Thr3 and Ser4. The results of these studies showed that the B27.29 MUC1 B-cell epitope maps to two separate parts of the glycopeptide, the core peptide epitope spanning the PDTRP sequence and a second (carbohydrate) epitope comprised of the Tn moieties attached at Thr3 and Ser4. The implications of these results are discussed within the framework of developing a glycosylated second-generation MUC1 glycopeptide vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Grinstead
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
MUC1 mucins are highly glycosylated glycoproteins expressed on the luminal surfaces of glandular epithelia. In breast and ovarian carcinomas, their expression is frequently upregulated and they may be secreted into the circulation of cancer patients. Early studies aimed at the production of anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibodies revealed that MUC1 was a potent immunogen in mice with many monoclonal antibodies raised defining epitopes within the protein core of MUC1. The immunogenicity of MUC1 has now been extended to human studies and it is apparent that patients with breast and ovarian malignant disease are able to mount immune responses against MUC1. These findings provide information on the mechanisms involved in the recognition of MUC1 expressing tumours. The utilisation of MUC1 related immunogens to stimulate immune responses to tumours could lead to the improved management of patients and the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at the eradication of MUC1 mucin expressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Denton
- University of Nottingham, Cancer Research Laboratory, Nottingham, England
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Glycoproteins with O-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chains of complex structures and functions are found in secretions and on the cell surfaces of cancer cells. The structures of O-glycans are often unusual or abnormal in cancer, and greatly contribute to the phenotype and biology of cancer cells. Some of the mechanisms of changes in O-glycosylation pathways have been determined in cancer model systems. However, O-glycan biosynthesis is a complex process that is still poorly understood. The glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases that synthesize O-glycans appear to exist as families of related enzymes of which individual members are expressed in a tissue- and growth-specific fashion. Studies of their regulation in cancer may reveal the connection between cancerous transformation and glycosylation which may help to understand and control the abnormal biology of tumor cells. Cancer diagnosis may be based on the appearance of certain glycosylated epitopes, and therapeutic avenues have been designed to attack cancer cells via their glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Brockhausen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Oncology Research, Toronto Hospital, 67 College Street, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hadden JW. The immunology and immunotherapy of breast cancer: an update. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1999; 21:79-101. [PMID: 10230872 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(98)00077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas of the breast behave clinically and epidemiologically in ways that show host resistance factors are important for outcome in addition to grade and stage of malignancy. Immune reactivity to autologous tumors is indicated by the general presence of lymphoid infiltration (LI) and regional lymph node changes; however, these changes predict favorable outcome only in non-metastatic disease. LI is characterized by CD4+ and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes reflecting latent cell-mediated immunity (CMI). CMI and humoral immune reactivity have been demonstrated to autologous tumor and a variety of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have been implicated including CEA, HER-2/neu, MAGE-1, p53, T/Tn and MUC-1. Immune incompetence involving CMI is progressive with the stage of breast cancer and is prognostically significant. Immunotherapy of several types has been designed to address this immunodeficiency and the TAAs involved. Animal models have employed drug therapy, cytokine transfection, vaccines with autologous tumor, cytokines like interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), TAA tumor vaccines, and immunotoxins with evidence of tumor regression by immunologic means. Immunotherapy of human breast cancer is a rapidly growing experimental area. Positive results have been obtained with natural IFN and interleukins, particularly in combination strategies (but not with high dose recombinant IFN or IL-2), with autologous tumor vaccine (but not yet with transfected autologous tumor); with a mucin carbohydrate vaccine (Theratope) in a combination strategy (but not with mucin core antigen) and with several immunotoxins. Combination strategies involving immunorestoration, contrasuppression, adjuvant, and immunotoxins are suggested for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Hadden
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J, Hilgert I, Voburka Z, Fusek M. Analysis of the interaction of procathepsin D activation peptide with breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 1997; 73:403-9. [PMID: 9359488 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19971104)73:3<403::aid-ijc15>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartic proteinase, is secreted in the form of enzymatically inactive proenzyme by many types of human breast cancer tissue and exerts mitogenic activity toward these tissues. Flow cytometry was used to test the binding of procathepsin D purified from the secretion of the breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1 to human breast cancer cells. No previously known surface antigens or soluble M6P-R or anti-M6P-R antibodies were found to inhibit the specific binding of procathepsin D-FITC. Similarly, none of these potential inhibitors was found to inhibit growth factor activity of procathepsin D. Our results indicate that procathepsin D growth factor activity is mediated by a new, previously unknown receptor moiety and that the binding activity can be localized in position 27-44 of the activation peptide of procathepsin D. Furthermore, in vivo experiments indicate that treatment with anti-procathepsin D antibodies can reverse the growth of human breast tumors in athymic nude mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|