1
|
Hung CS, Huang CY, Lee CH, Chen WY, Huang MT, Wei PL, Chang YJ. IGFBP2 plays an important role in heat shock protein 27-mediated cancer progression and metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54978-54992. [PMID: 28903396 PMCID: PMC5589635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a key chaperone that interacts with over 200 client proteins. The expression of Hsp27 might be correlated with poor outcome in many types of cancer. Previous study indicated that Hsp27 might be an important biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the detailed mechanism is less well understood. The shRNA-mediated silencing of Hsp27 decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. In a xenograft model, the silencing of Hsp27 reduced tumor progression. We revealed that the silencing of Hsp27 led to a reduction in insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), which might mediate proliferation and metastasis through vimentin, snail and beta-catenin. The overexpression of IGFBP2 reversed the reductions in cell growth, migration and invasion. The tissue array results showed that HCC patients with high Hsp27 expression exhibited poor prognosis and increased metastasis. The Hsp27 expression was highly correlated with IGFPB2 in CRC specimen. ChIP and luciferase assays showed that Hsp27 does not directly bind the IGFBP2 promoter region to regulate the transcription of IGFBP2. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Hsp27 is a key mediator of HCC progression and metastasis and that Hsp27 might regulate proliferation and metastasis through IGFBP2. This pathway might provide a new direction for the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Sheng Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hwa Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Te Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Glucose-regulated protein 94 mediates metastasis by CCT8 and the JNK pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8219-27. [PMID: 26718209 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Cancer metastasis is a major obstacle in clinical cancer therapy. The mechanisms underlying the metastasis of HCC remain unclear. Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is a key protein involved in mediating cancer progression, and it is highly expressed in HCC specimens. However, the role of GRP94 in cancer metastasis is unclear. A specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was employed to knock down GRP94 gene expression in HCC cell lines. Wound-healing migration, transwell migration, and invasion assays were performed to determine the migration and invasive ability of HCC cells. We demonstrated that silencing GRP94 inhibited HCC cell wound healing, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, our findings indicated that GRP94 knockdown might attenuate HCC cell metastasis by inhibiting CCT8/c-Jun/EMT signaling. Our study indicated that silencing GRP94 significantly reduced the migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells. Moreover, depleting GRP94 inhibited cell migration and invasion by downregulating CCT8/c-Jun signaling. Thus, our data suggest that the GRP94/CCT8/c-Jun/EMT signaling cascade might be a new therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang RC, Huang CY, Pan TL, Chen WY, Ho CT, Liu TZ, Chang YJ. Proteomic Characterization of Annexin l (ANX1) and Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27) as Biomarkers for Invasive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139232. [PMID: 26431426 PMCID: PMC4592234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To search for reliable biomarkers and drug targets for management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed a global proteomic analysis of a pair of HCC cell lines with distinct differentiation statuses using 2-DE coupled with MALDI-TOF MS. In total, 106 and 55 proteins were successfully identified from the total cell lysate and the cytosolic, nuclear and membrane fractions in well-differentiated (HepG2) and poorly differentiated (SK-Hep–1) HCC clonal variants, respectively. Among these proteins, nine spots corresponding to proteins differentially expressed between HCC cell types were selected and confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Notably, Annexin 1 (ANX1), ANX–2, vimentin and stress-associated proteins, such as GRP78, HSP75, HSC–70, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and heat shock protein–27 (HSP27), were exclusively up-regulated in SK-Hep–1 cells. Elevated levels of ANX–4 and antioxidant/metabolic enzymes, such as MnSOD, peroxiredoxin, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-enolase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, were observed in HepG2 cells. We functionally demonstrated that ANX1 and HSP27 were abundantly overexpressed only in highly invasive types of HCC cells, such as Mahlavu and SK-Hep–1. Knockdown of ANX1 or HSP27 in HCC cells resulted in a severe reduction in cell migration. The in-vitro observations of ANX1 and HSP27 expressions in HCC sample was demonstrated by immunohistochemical stains performed on HCC tissue microarrays. Poorly differentiated HCC tended to have stronger ANX1 and HSP27 expressions than well-differentiated or moderately differentiated HCC. Collectively, our findings suggest that ANX1 and HSP27 are two novel biomarkers for predicting invasive HCC phenotypes and could serve as potential treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chiau Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Te Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Zon Liu
- Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ho CT, Chang YJ, Yang LX, Wei PL, Liu TZ, Liu JJ. A Novel Microtubule-Disrupting Agent Induces Endoplasmic Reticular Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136340. [PMID: 26355599 PMCID: PMC4565632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present evidence of a novel microtubule-disrupting agent, N-deacetyl-N-(chromone-2-carbonyl)-thiocolchicine (TCD), exhibiting potent antitumor activity (with IC50 values in the nanomolar range) against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Cell cycle analysis revealed that TCD induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both Hep-J5 and Mahlavu HCC cell lines. TCD also induced a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and caused DNA damage. Mechanistically, TCD activated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticular kinase and several transcription factors, including activating transcription factor (ATF) 6, ATF4, ATF3, and the CCAAT-enhancer binding protein homologous protein. These data clearly demonstrate that the antitumor activity of TCD is mechanistically linked to its capacity to trigger both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic cell death via endoplasmic reticular stress pathway. The potent antitumor activity of TCD was similarly demonstrated in a hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model, where 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of TCD significantly arrested Hep-J5 and Mahlavu tumor growth. Our finding suggests that TCD is a promising therapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma; further translational assessment of its clinical usage is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Te Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Xi Yang
- Radiobiology Laboratory, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; St. Mary's Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Zon Liu
- Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang HH, Wei PL, Hung CS, Wu CT, Wang W, Huang MT, Chang YJ. MicroRNA-200a/b influenced the therapeutic effects of curcumin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3209-18. [PMID: 23760980 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in regulating gene expression in normal and malignant cells. Expression of the microRNA-200 (miR-200) family has been correlated with malignancy in cancers. However, whether miR-200a/b plays a role in curcumin-mediated treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. We performed miRNA array analyses in two different HCC cell lines (HepG2 and HepJ5). The expression patterns of miR-200 family members were assessed with real-time PCR. We overexpressed miR-200 family members using a lentiviral system and selected stably transduced clones with antibiotics. The anticancer effects of curcumin on J5-200a, J5-200b, and J5-control cells were assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry cell cycle analysis, and TUNEL assay. We found that HepG2 cells, which were more resistant to curcumin treatment than HepJ5 cells, expressed higher levels of miR-200a/b. The MTT assay revealed that the overexpression of miR-200a/b in HepJ5 cells conferred enhanced resistance to curcumin treatment compared with the control cells. By cell cycle analysis and TUNEL assay, we found that apoptosis was increased dramatically in J5-control cells compared with J5-200a and J5-200b cells after curcumin treatment. Finally, we evaluated the levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and Bad, and found a decrease of Bcl-2 levels and increase of Bad levels in the J5-control cells treated with curcumin. The expression levels of miR-200a/b might determine the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin on HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hua Liang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kong L, Cardona Maya W, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Ma G, Shata MT, Sherman KE, Chougnet C, Blackard JT. Low-level HIV infection of hepatocytes. Virol J 2012; 9:157. [PMID: 22877244 PMCID: PMC3607931 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only limited data on whether HIV infection occurs within the liver; therefore, we explored early and late stages of the HIV life cycle in two hepatocyte cell lines--Huh7.5 and Huh7.5JFH1--as well as in primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS Integrated HIV DNA was detected in Huh7.5 and Huh7.5JFH1 cells, as well as in primary hepatocytes, and was inhibited by the integrase inhibitor raltegravir in a dose-dependent manner. HIV p24 protein was also detected in cell culture supernatants at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-infection and was inhibited by AZT, although levels were modest compared to those in a lymphocyte cell line. Culture supernatants from HIV-infected hepatocytes were capable of infecting a non-hepatic HIV indicator cell line. CONCLUSIONS These results indicating low-level HIV replication in hepatoctyes in vitro complement evidence suggesting that HIV has deleterious effects on the liver in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kong
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, ML 0595, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hung CS, Liu HH, Liu JJ, Yeh CT, Chang TC, Wu CH, Ho YS, Wei PL, Chang YJ. MicroRNA-200a and -200b mediated hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration through the epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 20 Suppl 3:S360-8. [PMID: 22868917 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in mediating gene expression in both normal and malignant cells. However, little is known about specific miRNAs during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated cells. METHODS We performed miRNA array analysis of three different HCC cell lines: HepG2, HepJ5, and skHep-1. The expression patterns of miR-200 family members were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We overexpressed miR-200 family members by using a lentivirus system and selected for stably transduced cells using antibiotics. The migration ability of the cells was tested using the Transwell migration assay system. RESULTS Our miRNA array and real-time PCR results indicated a decrease in the expression of miR-200 family members in poorly differentiated skHep-1 cells compared with well-differentiated HepG2 cells. We overexpressed miR-200a and miR-200b in both HepJ5 and skHep-1 cells and found that the overexpression of the miR-200 family members did not influence proliferation, although migration was decreased in these cells. We found that overexpression of miR-200 family members led to an upregulation of E-cadherin expression in both HepJ5 and skHep-1 cells. Furthermore, we silenced E-cadherin expression by shRNA in miR200a-HepJ5 cells and found that the migratory ability of these cells was enhanced upon the decrease in E-cadherin expression. CONCLUSIONS Members of the miR-200 family (miR-200a and miR-200b) play important roles in HCC migration by regulating E-cadherin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Sheng Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zachar V, Fink T, Koppelhus U, Ebbesen P. Role of placental cytokines in transcriptional modulation of HIV type 1 in the isolated villous trophoblast. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2002; 18:839-47. [PMID: 12201906 DOI: 10.1089/08892220260190317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, a complex cytokine network is present at the maternal-fetal interface in order to support normal growth and development of the placenta and fetus. HIV can frequently infect placental trophoblast but the impact of cytokines produced locally by the placenta and decidua on virus expression and replication is unknown. We comprehensively assayed the cytokines typically present in the placental microenvironment for their potential to modulate HIV transcriptional activation in the isolated trophoblast cells employing a transient transfection assay with luciferase as a reporter gene. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) of two divergent virus strains, HIV-1 LAI and HIV-1 NDK, were used to analyze virus-specific features. Four cytokines, epidermal growth factor (EGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), were found to stimulate promoters of both viruses, whereas interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-beta were found to suppress the transcription driven from both promoters. The differences observed between the two viruses did not reach a statistically significant level. None of the remaining cytokines, including EGF; GM-CSF; insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I); IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-gamma; IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10; leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF); macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF); platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB); transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta); and TNF-alpha, affected transcriptional expression of the promoter constructs. Our results demonstrate that the local balance of cytokines may be critical for activation of HIV in the syncytiotrophoblast-cytotrophoblast layer and thus play an important role in the transmission of virus across the placental barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zachar
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|