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Olešová D, Majerová P, Hájek R, Piešťanský J, Brumarová R, Michalicová A, Jurkanin B, Friedecký D, Kováč A. GM3 Ganglioside Linked to Neurofibrillary Pathology in a Transgenic Rat Model for Tauopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12581. [PMID: 34830461 PMCID: PMC8622195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are amphipathic lipids composed of a sphingoid base and a fatty acyl attached to a saccharide moiety. GSLs play an important role in signal transduction, directing proteins within the membrane, cell recognition, and modulation of cell adhesion. Gangliosides and sulfatides belong to a group of acidic GSLs, and numerous studies report their involvement in neurodevelopment, aging, and neurodegeneration. In this study, we used an approach based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) to characterize the glycosphingolipid profile in rat brain tissue. Then, we screened characterized lipids aiming to identify changes in glycosphingolipid profiles in the normal aging process and tau pathology. Thorough screening of acidic glycosphingolipids in rat brain tissue revealed 117 ganglioside and 36 sulfatide species. Moreover, we found two ganglioside subclasses that were not previously characterized-GT1b-Ac2 and GQ1b-Ac2. The semi-targeted screening revealed significant changes in the levels of sulfatides and GM1a gangliosides during the aging process. In the transgenic SHR24 rat model for tauopathies, we found elevated levels of GM3 gangliosides which may indicate a higher rate of apoptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Olešová
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.O.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.J.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Petra Majerová
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.O.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.J.)
| | - Roman Hájek
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, UK;
| | - Juraj Piešťanský
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Radana Brumarová
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Alena Michalicová
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.O.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.J.)
| | - Bernadeta Jurkanin
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.O.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.J.)
| | - David Friedecký
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Andrej Kováč
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.O.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.J.)
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Tomar MS, Kumar A, Srivastava C, Shrivastava A. Elucidating the mechanisms of Temozolomide resistance in gliomas and the strategies to overcome the resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188616. [PMID: 34419533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a first-choice alkylating agent inducted as a gold standard therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and astrocytoma. A majority of patients do not respond to TMZ during the course of their treatment. Activation of DNA repair pathways is the principal mechanism for this phenomenon that detaches TMZ-induced O-6-methylguanine adducts and restores genomic integrity. Current understanding in the domain of oncology adds several other novel mechanisms of resistance such as the involvement of miRNAs, drug efflux transporters, gap junction's activity, the advent of glioma stem cells as well as upregulation of cell survival autophagy. This review describes a multifaceted account of different mechanisms responsible for the intrinsic and acquired TMZ-resistance. Here, we summarize different strategies that intensify the TMZ effect such as MGMT inhibition, development of novel imidazotetrazine analog, and combination therapy; with an aim to incorporate a successful treatment and increased overall survival in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manendra Singh Tomar
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462020, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Chhitij Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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The impact of cholesterol, DHA, and sphingolipids on Alzheimer's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2013:814390. [PMID: 24575399 PMCID: PMC3929518 DOI: 10.1155/2013/814390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder currently affecting over 35 million people worldwide. Pathological hallmarks of AD are massive amyloidosis, extracellular senile plaques, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles accompanied by an excessive loss of synapses. Major constituents of senile plaques are 40–42 amino acid long peptides termed β-amyloid (Aβ). Aβ is produced by sequential proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP processing and Aβ production have been one of the central scopes in AD research in the past. In the last years, lipids and lipid-related issues are more frequently discussed to contribute to the AD pathogenesis. This review summarizes lipid alterations found in AD postmortem brains, AD transgenic mouse models, and the current understanding of how lipids influence the molecular mechanisms leading to AD and Aβ generation, focusing especially on cholesterol, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and sphingolipids/glycosphingolipids.
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Brain gangliosides of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with deficiency in GD3-synthase: expression of elevated levels of a cholinergic-specific ganglioside, GT1aα. ASN Neuro 2013; 5:141-8. [PMID: 23565921 PMCID: PMC3667643 DOI: 10.1042/an20130006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to examine the potential involvement of gangliosides in AD (Alzheimer's disease), we compared the ganglioside compositions of the brains of a double-transgenic (Tg) mouse model [APP (amyloid precursor protein)/PSEN1 (presenilin)] of AD and a triple mutant mouse model with an additional deletion of the GD3S (GD3-synthase) gene (APP/PSEN1/GD3S(-/-)). These animals were chosen since it was previously reported that APP/PSEN1/GD3S(-/-) triple-mutant mice performed as well as WT (wild-type) control and GD3S(-/-) mice on a number of reference memory tasks. Cholinergic neuron-specific gangliosides, such as GT1aα and GQ1bα, were elevated in the brains of double-Tg mice (APP/PSEN1), as compared with those of WT mice. Remarkably, in the triple mutant mouse brains (APP/PSEN1/GD3S(-/-)), the concentration of GT1aα was elevated and as expected there was no expression of GQ1bα. On the other hand, the level of c-series gangliosides, including GT3, was significantly reduced in the double-Tg mouse brain as compared with the WT. Thus, the disruption of the gene of a specific ganglioside-synthase, GD3S, altered the expression of cholinergic neuron-specific gangliosides. Our data thus suggest the intriguing possibility that the elevated cholinergic-specific ganglioside, GT1aα, in the triple mutant mouse brains (APP/PSEN1/GD3S(-/-)) may contribute to the memory retention in these mice.
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Haughey NJ, Bandaru VVR, Bae M, Mattson MP. Roles for dysfunctional sphingolipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease neuropathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1801:878-86. [PMID: 20452460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids in the membranes of neurons play important roles in signal transduction, either by modulating the localization and activation of membrane-associated receptors or by acting as precursors of bioactive lipid mediators. Activation of cytokine and neurotrophic factor receptors coupled to sphingomyelinases results in the generation of ceramides and gangliosides, which in turn, modify the structural and functional plasticity of neurons. In aging and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), there are increased membrane-associated oxidative stress and excessive production and accumulation of ceramides. Studies of brain tissue samples from human subjects, and of experimental models of the diseases, suggest that perturbed sphingomyelin metabolism is a pivotal event in the dysfunction and degeneration of neurons that occurs in AD and HIV dementia. Dietary and pharmacological interventions that target sphingolipid metabolism should be pursued for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Ariga T, McDonald MP, Yu RK. Role of ganglioside metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease--a review. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1157-75. [PMID: 18334715 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r800007-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are expressed in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of the cells of all vertebrates and are particularly abundant in the nervous system. Ganglioside metabolism is closely associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD, the most common form of dementia, is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain characterized clinically by progressive loss of memory and cognitive function and eventually death. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by amyloid deposits or "senile plaques," which consist mainly of aggregated variants of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta). Abeta undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to ordered structure rich in beta-sheets, especially after addition of lipid vesicles containing GM1 ganglioside. In AD brain, a complex of GM1 and Abeta, termed "GAbeta," has been found to accumulate. In recent years, Abeta and GM1 have been identified in microdomains or lipid rafts. The functional roles of these microdomains in cellular processes are now beginning to unfold. Several articles also have documented the involvement of these microdomains in the pathogenesis of certain neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. A pivotal neuroprotective role of gangliosides has been reported in in vivo and in vitro models of neuronal injury, Parkinsonism, and related diseases. Here we describe the possible involvement of gangliosides in the development of AD and the therapeutic potentials of gangliosides in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ariga
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Chung ES, Jin BK. Disialogangliosides induce neurodegeneration in rat mesencephalic cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 346:572-7. [PMID: 16764823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the neurotoxicity of various gangliosides against dopaminergic neurons in mesencephalic cultures. Among them, GD1a and GD1b but not GD3 and GQ1b were found to be neurotoxic against dopaminergic neurons as determined by TH immunocytochemistry and [(3)H]DA uptake. When quantified and expressed as a percentage of control values, treatment with 60-200 microg/ml GD1a and GD1b attenuated the number of TH-ip neurons by 31-47% and 37-55%, respectively, compared with non-treated control cultures. Consistent with the results of the TH immunocytochemistry, treatment with 60-200 microg/ml GD1a and GD1b reduced [(3)H]DA uptake levels by 27-56% and 41-60%, respectively, compared with non-treated control cultures. This neurotoxicity was almost completely abolished in the presence of neuraminidase, which removes the sialic acid residues from ganglioside, or in the treatment of insulin or IGF-1. Additional immunostaining also showed a significant loss of GABAergic neurons in GD1a or GD1b-treated cultures, indicating non-selective neurotoxicity of GD1a and GD1b. Moreover, these gangliosides had little effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in mesencephalic or microglia cultures. Together, these data suggest that GD1a and GD1b exert a direct neurotoxicity against dopaminergic neurons independent of NO and/or microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Chung
- Brain Disease Research Center, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Heffer-Lauc M, Cacić M, Serman D. C-series polysialogangliosides are expressed on stellate neurons of adult human cerebellum. Glycoconj J 1998; 15:423-6. [PMID: 9613831 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006938221704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Until now 'c-series' polysialogangliosides were known to exist in human brain only during development and in some pathological conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and immunostaining with Q211 antibody (TLC-overlay technique) we have analysed 'c-series' gangliosides in four human cerebella (age 20, 47, 52 and 54 years). Four distinct ganglioside bands, most probably corresponding to GT1c, GQ1c, GP1c and GH1c were found to exist in the analysed brains, which is convincing demonstration of the existence of 'c-series' gangliosides in normal adult human brain. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to locate polysialogangliosides in the analysed tissue. Q211 antibody was found to bind specifically to a single subpopulation of neurons in the molecular layer of adult cerebellum. According to their position and morphology these cells correspond to stellate neurons.
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Ariga T, Jarvis WD, Yu RK. Role of sphingolipid-mediated cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. J Lipid Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Schwarz A, Futerman AH. The localization of gangliosides in neurons of the central nervous system: the use of anti-ganglioside antibodies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1286:247-67. [PMID: 8982285 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4157(96)00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Schwarz
- Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Yasuhara O, Matsuo A, Tooyama I, Kimura H, McGeer EG, McGeer PL. Pick's disease immunohistochemistry: new alterations and Alzheimer's disease comparisons. Acta Neuropathol 1995; 89:322-30. [PMID: 7610763 DOI: 10.1007/bf00309625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pick's disease (PD) brains were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of antigens known to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) lesions. Most antibodies which label intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD were found to stain Pick bodies (PBs). Among them was the monoclonal antibody A2B5, which is known to recognize neuronal surface gangliosides. This result indicates that membrane proteins are probably incorporated into PBs as into NFTs. However, PBs, in contrast to NFTs, showed a paucity of staining for heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Staining for midkine, seen in senile plaques in AD, was not seen in PD. The relative lack of staining for these two neurotrophic factors in PD brain may reflect underlying mechanisms which are distinct from those in AD. We also describe two glial abnormalities in PD: glial fibrillary tangles and clusters of granules positive for the complement protein C4d in the hippocampal dentate fascia. These are presumably related to complement-activated oligodendroglia, and both pathological structures are more abundant in advanced cases, suggesting that they may be hallmarks of the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Yasuhara
- Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Itagaki S, Akiyama H, Saito H, McGeer PL. Ultrastructural localization of complement membrane attack complex (MAC)-like immunoreactivity in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 1994; 645:78-84. [PMID: 8062101 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement, also known as C5b-9, was localized in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain by immunoelectron microscopy using a monoclonal antibody to a neoantigenic epitope of soluble C5b-9 (SC5b-9). Immunopositivity was detected in association with lamellated bodies in the neuronal cytoplasm, lipofuscin granules, lysosomes and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Such intracellular localization of MAC-like immunoreactive (MAC-LI) staining suggests that neurons remove membrane-inserted MAC fragments by endocytosis. These endocytosed membrane fragments then proceed by retrograde transport to the perikaryon for lysosomal degradation. Attachment to the abnormal cytoskeletal proteins found in neurofibrillary tangles also occurs. The results provide further evidence that complement-mediated injury of neurons plays a part in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Itagaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Hibarigaoka Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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