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Albouery M, Buteau B, Grégoire S, Cherbuy C, Pais de Barros JP, Martine L, Chain F, Cabaret S, Berdeaux O, Bron AM, Acar N, Langella P, Bringer MA. Age-Related Changes in the Gut Microbiota Modify Brain Lipid Composition. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:444. [PMID: 31993375 PMCID: PMC6970973 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes observed during aging is a prerequisite to design strategies to prevent age-related diseases. Aging is associated with metabolic changes, including alteration in the brain lipid metabolism. These alterations may contribute to the development of pathophysiological conditions. Modifications in the gut microbiota composition are also observed during aging. As communication axes exist between the gut microbiota and the brain and knowing that microbiota influences the host metabolism, we speculated on whether age-associated modifications in the gut microbiota could be involved in the lipid changes observed in aging brain. For that purpose, germ-free mice were colonized by the fecal microbiota of young or old donor mice. Lipid classes and fatty acid profiles were determined in the brain (cortex), plasma and liver by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel-coated quartz rods and gas chromatography. Gut colonization by microbiota of old mice resulted in a significant increase in total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a significant decrease in the relative amounts of cholesterol and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cortex. Among the eight most represented fatty acids in the cortex, the relative abundances of five (C18:1n-9, C22:6n-3, C20:4n-6, C18:1n-7, and C20:1n-9) were significantly altered in mice inoculated with an aged microbiota. Liquid chromatography analyses revealed that the relative abundance of major species among phosphatidyl and plasmenylcholine (PC 16:0/18:1), phosphatidyl and plasmenylethanolamine (PE 18:0/22:6), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE 22:6) and sphingomyelins (SM d18:1/18:0) were significantly altered in the cortex of mice colonized by the microbiota obtained from aged donors. Transplantation of microbiota from old mice also modified the lipid class and fatty acid content in the liver. Finally, we found that the expression of several genes involved in MUFA and PUFA synthesis (Scd1, Fads1, Fads2, Elovl2, and Elovl5) was dysregulated in mice inoculated with an aged microbiota. In conclusion, our data suggest that changes in gut microbiota that are associated with aging can impact brain and liver lipid metabolisms. Lipid changes induced by an aged microbiota recapitulate some features of aging, thus pointing out the potential role of microbiota alterations in the age-related degradation of the health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Albouery
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Bénédicte Buteau
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- Inserm U1231 "Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer", Lipidomic Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lucy Martine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Florian Chain
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabaret
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ChemoSens Platform, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ChemoSens Platform, Dijon, France
| | - Alain M Bron
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
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André A, Juanéda P, Sébédio JL, Chardigny JM. Effects of aging and dietary n−3 fatty acids on rat brain phospholipids: Focus on plasmalogens. Lipids 2005; 40:799-806. [PMID: 16296398 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aging brain undergoes modifications in the lipid composition of cell membranes and especially in plasmalogens. These phospholipids represent between one-half and two-thirds of the ethanolamine phospholipids in the brain. They are known to facilitate membrane fusion and act as endogenous antioxidants. During normal aging and in some pathological conditions, plasmalogen and DHA levels fall. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the influence of n-3 FA intake on plasmalogens in the brain during aging. Littermates from two generations of n-3-deficient rats were fed an n-3-deficient diet or an equilibrated diet containing either alpha-linolenic acid alone (alpha-LNA) or with two doses of DHA (0.3 or 0.6% w/w). After weaning, 9 mon of diet, or 21 mon of diet, plasmalogen levels were assessed, and the sn-2 substitutions of plasmenylethanolamines were analyzed in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Our results showed that plasmalogen contents were not influenced by the diet. Plasmalogen levels were significantly decreased in aged rats compared with adults, whereas DHA levels increased in the hippocampus and remained stable in the cortex and striatum. DHA levels were significantly and similarly increased in total phospholipids and especially in plasmenylethanolamines after 9 mon of diet containing alpha-LNA alone or combined with DHA. This study showed that each structure sustained specific age-induced modifications. Dietary n-3 FA may not oppose the physiological decrease in brain plasmalogen levels during aging. Moreover, alpha-LNA appears to be equally as potent as preformed DHA at replacing DHA in the brain of our rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A André
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Superieur Agronomique de Dijon Flaveur, Vision et Comportement du consommateur, France
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Kamada H, Sato K, Iwai M, Zhang WR, Nagano I, Manabe Y, Shoji M, Abe K. Temporal and spatial changes of free cholesterol and neutral lipids in rat brain after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurosci Res 2003; 45:91-100. [PMID: 12507728 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine lipid metabolism in relation to neural process following brain ischemia, we investigated temporal and spatial changes of free cholesterol (FC) and neutral lipids (NLs) after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Filipin and Nile Red stainings were performed to detect mainly FC and NLs, respectively. Double stainings for Nile Red plus ED1, MAP2, or GFAP were performed in order to identify cell type of positive stainings. Filipin stanining decreased during 1-7 day and lost at 21 day after transient MCAO in the ischemic core, but did not change in the penumbra. Nile Red positive droplets reached the maximum at 7 day after transient MCAO and gradually decreased in the core, while the peak time delayed in the penumbra. MAP2 immunoreactivity lost at 7 day in the core, and increased in the penumbra during 7-56 day. Most Nile Red positive droplets were double positive for ED1 in the core, and were localized within GFAP positive cells in the penumbra. These results suggest that changes of FC and NLs are different temporally and spatially between the core and penumbra in relation to degenerative and regenerative neural processes following brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kamada
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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