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Cote-Vélez A, Martínez Báez A, Lezama L, Uribe RM, Joseph-Bravo P, Charli JL. A screen for modulators reveals that orexin-A rapidly stimulates thyrotropin releasing hormone expression and release in hypothalamic cell culture. Neuropeptides 2017; 62:11-20. [PMID: 28173961 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the paraventricular nucleus of the mammalian hypothalamus, hypophysiotropic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neurons integrate metabolic information and control the activity of the thyroid axis. Additional populations of TRH neurons reside in various hypothalamic areas, with poorly defined connections and functions, albeit there is evidence that some may be related to energy balance. To establish extracellular modulators of TRH hypothalamic neurons activity, we performed a screen of neurotransmitters effects in hypothalamic cultures. Cell culture conditions were chosen to facilitate the full differentiation of the TRH neurons; these conditions had permitted the characterization of the effects of known modulators of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons. The major end-point of the screen was Trh mRNA levels, since they are generally rapidly (0.5-3h) modified by synaptic inputs onto TRH neurons; in some experiments, TRH cell content or release was also analyzed. Various modulators, including histamine, serotonin, β-endorphin, met-enkephalin, and melanin concentrating hormone, had no effect. Glutamate, as well as ionotropic agonists (kainate and N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid), increased Trh mRNA levels. Baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, and dopamine enhanced Trh mRNA levels. An endocannabinoid receptor 1 inverse agonist promoted TRH release. Somatostatin increased Trh mRNA levels and TRH cell content. Orexin-A rapidly increased Trh mRNA levels, TRH cell content and release, while orexin-B decreased Trh mRNA levels. These data reveal unaccounted regulators, which exert potent effects on hypothalamic TRH neurons in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonieta Cote-Vélez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico
| | - Anabel Martínez Báez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico
| | - Leticia Lezama
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Uribe
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico
| | - Patricia Joseph-Bravo
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico
| | - Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico.
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Egri P, Fekete C, Dénes Á, Reglődi D, Hashimoto H, Fülöp BD, Gereben B. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Regulates the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) Axis via Type 2 Deiodinase in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2356-66. [PMID: 27046436 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic activation of thyroid hormones by type 2 deiodinase (D2), catalyzing the conversion of thyroxine to T3, is critical for the proper function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Regulation of D2 expression in tanycytes alters the activity of the HPT axis. However, signals that regulate D2 expression in tanycytes are poorly understood. The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) increases intracellular cAMP level, a second messenger known to stimulate the DIO2 gene; however, its importance in tanycytes is not completely characterized. Therefore, we tested whether this ubiquitously expressed neuropeptide regulates the HPT axis through stimulation of D2 in tanycytes. PACAP increased the activity of human DIO2 promoter in luciferase reporter assay that was abolished by mutation of cAMP-response element. Furthermore, PAC1R receptor immunoreactivity was identified in hypothalamic tanycytes, suggesting that these D2-expressing cells could be regulated by PACAP. Intracerebroventricular PACAP administration resulted in increased D2 activity in the mediobasal hypothalamus, suppressed Trh expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and decreased Tshb expression in the pituitary demonstrating that PACAP affects the D2-mediated control of the HPT axis. To understand the role of endogenous PACAP in the regulation of HPT axis, the effect of decreased PACAP expression was studied in heterozygous Adcyap1 (PACAP) knockout mice. These animals were hypothyroid that may be the consequence of altered hypothalamic T3 degradation during set-point formation of the HPT axis. In conclusion, PACAP is an endogenous regulator of the HPT axis by affecting T3-mediated negative feedback via cAMP-induced D2 expression of tanycytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Egri
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - C Fekete
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Á Dénes
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - D Reglődi
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - B D Fülöp
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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