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Burgos A, Miranda E, Vilaprinyo E, Meza-Canales ID, Alves R. CAM Models: Lessons and Implications for CAM Evolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:893095. [PMID: 35812979 PMCID: PMC9260309 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.893095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) by plants has been one of the most successful strategies in response to aridity. On the onset of climate change, expanding the use of water efficient crops and engineering higher water use efficiency into C3 and C4 crops constitute a plausible solution for the problems of agriculture in hotter and drier environments. A firm understanding of CAM is thus crucial for the development of agricultural responses to climate change. Computational models on CAM can contribute significantly to this understanding. Two types of models have been used so far. Early CAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODE) reproduced the typical diel CAM features with a minimal set of components and investigated endogenous day/night rhythmicity. This line of research brought to light the preponderant role of vacuolar malate accumulation in diel rhythms. A second wave of CAM models used flux balance analysis (FBA) to better understand the role of CO2 uptake in flux distribution. They showed that flux distributions resembling CAM metabolism emerge upon constraining CO2 uptake by the system. We discuss the evolutionary implications of this and also how CAM components from unrelated pathways could have integrated along evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asdrubal Burgos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Enoc Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ester Vilaprinyo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Iván David Meza-Canales
- Departamento de Ecología Aplicada, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica, ITRANS-CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rui Alves
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Padermshoke A, Ogawa T, Nishio K, Nakazawa M, Nakamoto M, Okazawa A, Kanaya S, Arita M, Ohta D. Critical Involvement of Environmental Carbon Dioxide Fixation to Drive Wax Ester Fermentation in Euglena. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162827. [PMID: 27669566 PMCID: PMC5036851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation profiles of wax esters in Euglena gracilis Z were studied under several environmental conditions. The highest amount of total wax esters accumulated under hypoxia in the dark, and C28 (myristyl-myristate, C14:0-C14:0) was prevalent among all conditions investigated. The wax ester production was almost completely suppressed under anoxia in the light, and supplying exogenous inorganic carbon sources restored wax ester fermentation, indicating the need for external carbon sources for the wax ester fermentation. 13C-labeling experiments revealed specific isotopic enrichment in the odd-numbered fatty acids derived from wax esters, indicating that the exogenously-supplied CO2 was incorporated into wax esters via the propionyl-CoA pathway through the reverse tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The addition of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) inhibitor, significantly affected the incorporation of 13C into citrate and malate as the biosynthetic intermediates of the odd-numbered fatty acids, suggesting the involvement of PEPCK reaction to drive wax ester fermentation. Additionally, the 13C-enrichment pattern of succinate suggested that the CO2 assimilation might proceed through alternative pathways in addition to the PEPCK reaction. The current results indicate that the mechanisms of anoxic CO2 assimilation are an important target to reinforce wax ester fermentation in Euglena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adchara Padermshoke
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nishio
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Kanaya
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Masanori Arita
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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Cecchi P, Garrido M, Collos Y, Pasqualini V. Water flux management and phytoplankton communities in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon. Part II: Mixotrophy of dinoflagellates as an adaptive strategy? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 108:120-133. [PMID: 27126183 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellate proliferation is common in coastal waters, and trophic strategies are often advanced to explain the success of these organisms. The Biguglia lagoon is a Mediterranean brackish ecosystem where eutrophication has long been an issue, and where dominance of dinoflagellates has persisted for several years. Monthly monitoring of fluorescence-based properties of phytoplankton communities carried out in 2010 suggested that photosynthesis alone could not support the observed situation all year round. Contrasting food webs developed depending on the hydrological season, with a gradual shift from autotrophy to heterotrophy. Progressively, microphytoplankton assemblages became unequivocally dominated by a Prorocentrum minimum bloom, which exhibited very weak effective photosynthetic performance, whereas paradoxically its theoretical capacities remained fully operational. Different environmental hypotheses explaining this discrepancy were examined, but rejected. We conclude that P. minimum bloom persistence is sustained by mixotrophic strategies, with complex compromises between phototrophy and phagotrophy, as evidenced by fluorescence-based observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cecchi
- UMR MARBEC, IRD - CNRS - Ifremer - University of Montpellier, CC093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - M Garrido
- UMR 6134 CNRS Sciences for the Environment, UMS 3514 CNRS, Stella Mare, University of Corsica, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France.
| | - Y Collos
- UMR MARBEC, IRD - CNRS - Ifremer - University of Montpellier, CC093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - V Pasqualini
- UMR 6134 CNRS Sciences for the Environment, UMS 3514 CNRS, Stella Mare, University of Corsica, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France.
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Transcriptomic study reveals widespread spliced leader trans-splicing, short 5'-UTRs and potential complex carbon fixation mechanisms in the euglenoid Alga Eutreptiella sp. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60826. [PMID: 23585853 PMCID: PMC3621762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutreptiella are an evolutionarily unique and ecologically important genus of microalgae, but they are poorly understood with regard to their genomic make-up and expression profiles. Through the analysis of the full-length cDNAs from a Eutreptiella species, we found a conserved 28-nt spliced leader sequence (Eut-SL, ACACUUUCUGAGUGUCUAUUUUUUUUCG) was trans-spliced to the mRNAs of Eutreptiella sp. Using a primer derived from Eut-SL, we constructed four cDNA libraries under contrasting physiological conditions for 454 pyrosequencing. Clustering analysis of the ∼1.9×10(6) original reads (average length 382 bp) yielded 36,643 unique transcripts. Although only 28% of the transcripts matched documented genes, this fraction represents a functionally very diverse gene set, suggesting that SL trans-splicing is likely ubiquitous in this alga's transcriptome. The mRNAs of Eutreptiella sp. seemed to have short 5'- untranslated regions, estimated to be 21 nucleotides on average. Among the diverse biochemical pathways represented in the transcriptome we obtained, carbonic anhydrase and genes known to function in the C4 pathway and heterotrophic carbon fixation were found, posing a question whether Eutreptiella sp. employs multifaceted strategies to acquire and fix carbon efficiently. This first large-scale transcriptomic dataset for a euglenoid uncovers many potential novel genes and overall offers a valuable genetic resource for research on euglenoid algae.
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Schneider T, Betz A. Waxmonoester fermentation in Euglena gracilis T. Factors favouring the synthesis of odd-numbered fatty acids and alcohols. PLANTA 1985; 166:67-73. [PMID: 24241313 DOI: 10.1007/bf00397387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/1985] [Accepted: 04/09/1985] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Waxmonoester fermentation at the expense of endogenous paramylon was followed in the dark in autotrophically grown Euglena gracilis. With reduced oxygen tension and decreasing O2-consumption rates the proportion of odd-numbered fatty acids and alcohols increased up to a molar ratio of nearly 1:1 under strictly anaerobic conditions. Labelled (14)CO2, succinate and propionate were incorporated into odd-numbered fatty acids and alcohols 11 to 33 times faster than in even-numbered chains. The electron-flow inhibitor rotenone diminished waxester formation in total, but especially CO2 fixation and the synthesis of odd-numbered chains, without impeding anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown. These findings are indicative for propionyl-CoA as an intermediate in the synthesis of odd-numbered chains. Its probable synthesis in the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway is discussed with regard to energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schneider
- Botanisches Institut der Universität, Kirschallee 1, D-5300, Bonn 1, Federal Republic of Germany
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