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Tada S, Shiota A, Hayashi H, Nakamura T. Reference urinary biopyrrin level and physiological variation in healthy young adults: relation of stress by learning. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03138. [PMID: 32042943 PMCID: PMC7002780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biopyrrins are end products of oxidation reactions of bilirubin with reactive oxygen, and urinary biopyrrin (UBP) levels might increase under oxidative stress. The authors examined the reference UBP level for healthy adults and its physiological variation in 40 healthy volunteers recruited from among students of our university (20 students each from third-year and fourth-year), and compared the results with data on 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG). Methods UBP and 8OHdG levels could be considered as oxidative stress markers. The UBP levels were measured with a competitive ELISA kit using biopyrrin antibody 24G7, according to the manufacturer's protocol. 8OHdG levels were measured with a Highly Sensitive 8-OHdG Check kit. UBP and 8OHdG measurements were performed in triplicate and means values calculated. For both parameters, creatinine (Cr) correction was performed using urinary creatinine levels measured by an enzymatic method. Results A comparison of the UBP levels between different grades revealed that the third-year students under high stress from clinical training and other course work tended to have a higher UBP level than fourth-year students. Therefore, we compared the current UBP levels in fourth-year students (samples collected in 2018) with their UBP level when they were in the third-year (samples collected in 2017) to examine the annual change. We found that the UBP level in 2017 samples was significantly higher than that in 2018 samples (P < 0.05). No difference in the 8OHdG level. Additionally, no effect of menstrual stress on the UBP level was observed. Conclusions These results suggest that the UBP levels may be related to school-related stress and menstruation has no effects on urinalysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tada
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 281-1 Hara Mure-cho, Takamatsu City, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shiota
- Department of Nursing, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 281-1 Hara Mure-cho, Takamatsu City, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Hayashi
- Clinical Department of Research and Development, Cellspect Co. Ltd., Morioka, 020-0857, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakamura
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 281-1 Hara Mure-cho, Takamatsu City, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
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Shibama S, Ugajin T, Yamaguchi T, Yokozeki H. Bilirubin oxidation derived from oxidative stress is associated with disease severity of atopic dermatitis in adults. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:153-160. [PMID: 29869448 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilirubin is an essential antioxidant. Its oxidative metabolites, biopyrrins, are sensitive urinary markers of oxidative stress. Multiple studies suggest that oxidative stress affects the pathogenesis of skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). AIM To examine oxidative stress-induced bilirubin oxidation and its association with AD pathogenesis in adults. METHODS In total, 11 patients with AD and 7 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Bilirubin oxidation profiles in the combined urine of the patients and that of the HCs were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The concentrations of urinary biopyrrins and serum biomarkers for AD disease severity, such as IgE and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)/CCL17, were measured by ELISA to determine correlations between urinary biopyrrins and serum biomarkers. Local bilirubin oxidation in AD skin lesions was assessed by immunohistochemical analyses using two antibodies against bilirubin. RESULTS Levels of dipyrrole-monopyrrole-aldehyde, a novel urinary biopyrrin, were higher in patients with AD than in HCs, and increased with disease severity based on the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) objective scoring system. Additionally, urinary biopyrrin levels correlated significantly with serum IgE and TARC/CCL17 levels. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that biopyrrins were strongly expressed in both infiltrating and resident cells in AD lesions. However, bilirubin was expressed at low levels in the lesions, suggesting that bilirubin oxidation is augmented in AD lesions. CONCLUSIONS Bilirubin oxidation derived from oxidative stress in the skin lesions can be associated with disease severity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shibama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Sakura Hospital, Medical Center, Toho University, Sakura City, Japan
| | - T Ugajin
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Yokozeki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hamidi Alamdari D, Nobakht BF, Balali-Mood M, Keramati MR, Sahebkar A. Prooxidant-antioxidant balance in Iranian veterans exposed to mustard gas and its correlation with biochemical and hematological parameters. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:536-540. [PMID: 29683368 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1459673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate serum prooxidant -antioxidant balance (PAB) in an Iranian population exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) more than 20 years ago. In this study, 42 SM-exposed subjects and 30 unexposed subjects (as controls) were recruited. Serum PAB, biochemical, and hematological parameters were measured in all subjects. Correlation of PAB with biochemical and hematological parameters was determined. The mean PAB values in the SM-exposed group (82.5 ± 34.8 HK) were significantly higher than that in the control group [47.5 ± 17.8 HK] (p < 0.001). The results demonstrated that serum PAB values were positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase activities in the SM-exposed group. Furthermore, PAB values showed a significant negative correlation with hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT), triglycerides, total bilirubin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations. PAB values showed a borderline significant negative correlation with uric acid. The present results suggest that late oxidative stress and alterations in biochemical and hematological parameters may be a consequence of the frequent respiratory infections rather than direct toxic effects of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Fatemeh Nobakht
- b Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences , Neyshabur , Iran.,c Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center , Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences , Neyshabur , Iran
| | - Mahdi Balali-Mood
- d Medical Toxicology Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Keramati
- e Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- f Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,g Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,h School of Pharmacy , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Bakry OA, El Hefnawy S, Mariee AH, El Gendy Y. Urinary Biopyrrins: A New Marker of Oxidative Stress in Psoriasis. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:169-73. [PMID: 27057016 PMCID: PMC4817441 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.177756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated disease involving skin and joints of genetically predisposed individuals. Oxidative stress has been found to play many important roles in cellular damage and loss of function in a number of tissues and organs and is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Urinary biopyrrin levels have gained attention as an indicator of oxidative stress. Aim and Objective: To measure urinary biopyrrins excretion as a marker of oxidative stress in psoriasis. Patients and Methods: This case–control study was carried out on 85 subjects; 55 cases with chronic plaque psoriasis and 30 age, gender and body mass index-matched normal subjects as a control group. Urinary biopyrrin levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Results: There was a highly significant difference between cases and controls regarding urinary biopyrrins level (P < 0.001). There was significant positive correlation between biopyrrins level and both the age of cases (r = 0.28, P = 0.01) and psoriasis area and severity index score (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Urinary biopyrrins are increased in patients with psoriasis, and the level is correlated with disease severity. Further large-scale studies involving different ages and different clinical varieties of the disease are needed to expand and validate current findings. The clinical usefulness of antioxidants in psoriasis treatment needs to be evaluated in future research. Furthermore, the value of biopyrrins as biomarkers for monitoring response to therapy needs to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Ahmed Bakry
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibin Al Koom, Egypt
| | - Sally El Hefnawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibin Al Koom, Egypt
| | - Alaa Hassan Mariee
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibin Al Koom, Egypt
| | - Yara El Gendy
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibin Al Koom, Egypt
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Miyaoka T, Ieda M, Hashioka S, Wake R, Furuya M, Liaury K, Hayashida M, Tsuchie K, Arauchi R, Araki T, Shioji I, Ezoe S, Inoue K, Yamaguchi T, Horiguchi J. Analysis of oxidative stress expressed by urinary level of biopyrrins and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 69:693-8. [PMID: 25975810 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have supported the claim that psychological stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species. Several authors have suggested that patients with psychiatric disorders show high levels of oxidative stress markers. We examined different oxidative stress markers in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS This study included 29 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 30 healthy volunteers. The concentration of urinary biopyrrins and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were normalized to the urinary concentration of creatinine. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the administration of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). RESULTS The concentration of biopyrrins in patients with chronic schizophrenia was significantly higher when compared with healthy volunteers. The correlation between biopyrrin level and the duration of illness was highly significant. There were no significant differences in the levels of urinary 8-OHdG between the two groups. In schizophrenic patients, the level of urinary biopyrrins showed correlations with BPRS scores, while the level of urinary 8-OHdG did not show correlations with BPRS. CONCLUSIONS Urinary biopyrrins are increased in patients with chronic schizophrenia while urinary 8-OHdG is not increased. These findings suggest that patients with chronic schizophrenia are under the condition of certain oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Miyaoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Masa Ieda
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Hashioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Rei Wake
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Motohide Furuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kristian Liaury
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Maiko Hayashida
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Keiko Tsuchie
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tomoko Araki
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Izuru Shioji
- Department of Research and Development, Shino-Test Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Ezoe
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Public Health, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tokio Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
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Immunochemical Detection of Food-Derived Polyphenols in the Aorta: Macrophages as a Major Target Underlying the Anti-Atherosclerotic Activity of Polyphenols. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:609-17. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chiba T, Tatematsu S, Nakao M, Furue M. Urinary biopyrrin: a potential inflammatory marker of atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 112:182-3. [PMID: 24468264 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Chiba
- Department of Dermatology, Iizuka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Markova MV, Shmidt EY, Morozova LV, Tatarinova IV, Prozorova GF, Mikhaleva AI, Trofimov BA. 2-Arylazo-1-vinylpyrroles: oligomerization in the presence of protic and aprotic acids. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-012-0987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ito
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
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Kajimura M, Fukuda R, Bateman RM, Yamamoto T, Suematsu M. Interactions of multiple gas-transducing systems: hallmarks and uncertainties of CO, NO, and H2S gas biology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:157-92. [PMID: 19939208 PMCID: PMC2925289 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diverse physiological actions of the "biologic gases," O2, CO, NO, and H2S, have attracted much interest. Initially viewed as toxic substances, CO, NO, and H2S play important roles as signaling molecules. The multiplicity of gas actions and gas targets and the difficulty in measuring local gas concentrations obscures detailed mechanisms whereby gases exert their actions, and many questions remain unanswered. It is now readily apparent, however, that heme-based proteins play central roles in gas-generation/reception mechanisms and provide a point where multiple gases can interact. In this review, we consider a number of key issues related to "gas biology," including the effective tissue concentrations of these gases and the importance and significance of the physical proximity of gas-producing and gas-receptor/sensors. We also take an integrated approach to the interaction of gases by considering the physiological significance of CO, NO, and H2S on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, a key target and central mediator of mitochondrial respiration. Additionally, we consider the effects of biologic gases on mitochondrial biogenesis and "suspended animation." By evaluating gas-mediated control functions from both in vitro and in vivo perspectives, we hope to elaborate on the complex multiple interactions of O2, NO, CO, and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Kajimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University , Tokyo, Japan.
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KUNII HIROYUKI, ISHIKAWA KAZUNOBU, YAMAGUCHI TOKIO, KOMATSU NOBUO, ICHIHARA TOSHIKATSU, MARUYAMA YUKIO. BILIRUBIN AND ITS OXIDATIVE METABOLITE BIOPYRRINS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Fukushima J Med Sci 2009; 55:39-51. [DOI: 10.5387/fms.55.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Yasukawa R, Miyaoka T, Yasuda H, Hayashida M, Inagaki T, Horiguch J. Increased urinary excretion of biopyrrins, oxidative metabolites of bilirubin, in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2007; 153:203-7. [PMID: 17719094 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During periods of psychological stress, excess amounts of free radicals are produced, and they play an important role in the pathophysiological process. Bilirubin oxidative metabolites, biopyrrins, are generated from bilirubin as a result of this scavenging action against free radicals. We investigated whether the urinary excretion of biopyrrin is altered during the psychotic state in patients with schizophrenia. Biopyrrin concentrations in urine of 15 patients with schizophrenia and 100 age-matched healthy subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an anti-bilirubin antibody. Urine samples were obtained from the patients on first admission (acute state), 1 month after admission (sub-acute state), and on discharge (remission state). Urinary concentrations of biopyrrins in patients with schizophrenia on admission were significantly higher than those in the controls. Response to treatment was associated with a significant decrease in the concentrations of biopyrrins. Moreover, urinary concentrations of biopyrrins were still significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia in the sub-acute and remission states than in the controls. These results demonstrated an increase in urinary biopyrrins in patients with schizophrenia and a decrease with recovery from the psychotic state. These findings indicate that the urinary biopyrrin level is a possible indicator that can be useful in the continuous monitoring of psychotic states in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Yasukawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enyacho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
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Shmidt EY, Senotrusova EY, Ushakov IA, Protsuk NI, Mikhaleva AI, Trofimov BA. Electrophilic addition of alcohols to 1-vinyl-2-phenylazopyrroles and unexpected formation of 2-methylquinoline. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428007100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ihara H, Matsumoto T, Morita Y, Hirano A, Okada M, Hashizume N, Shioji I, Yoshimura H. Diurnal variation of biopyrrin excretion in random urine specimens is not corrected by creatinine. J Clin Lab Anal 2007; 21:1-6. [PMID: 17245760 PMCID: PMC6649198 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating bilirubin is thought to function as a physiological antioxidant. One of the decomposition products of this process is the biopyrrins, which include two regioisomers: biotripyrrin-a (1,14,15,17-tetrahydro-2,7,13-trimethyl-1,14-deoxy-3-vinyl-16H-tripyrrin-8,12-dipropionic acid) and biotripyrrin-b (1,14,15,17-tetrahydro-3,7,13-trimethyl-1,14-deoxy-3-vinyl-16H-tripyrrin-8,12-dipropionic acid). We measured biopyrrins in random urine specimens and investigated whether the biopyrrin values obtained were valid when expressed as a ratio of the creatinine (Cr) concentrations. All of the random urine specimens collected over 48 hr were from presumably healthy adults. We measured the biopyrrins by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody. When the values were expressed in terms of the ratio to Cr, the within-day coefficient of variation (%CV) of the excretion of biopyrrins was reduced to 27%+/-10% (P<0.05) from 59%+/-27%. However, assay values on random or spot urine specimens were unreliable because of the large %CV. The biopyrrin concentrations only in the first-morning-urine specimens in terms of both absolute amounts and ratios to Cr significantly reflected those in a 24-hr urine specimen (P<0.001). Concentrations in a random urine specimen voided at the second collection or later did not correlate with the concentration in a 24-hr urine specimen (P>0.05), even if their values were corrected by Cr. The amounts of biopyrrins excreted in 24-hr urine specimens were significantly correlated with the 24-hr cortisol excretion (P<0.001) but not to uropepsin (P>0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.
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Rusakov YY, Krivdin LB, Senotrusova EY, Schmidt EY, Vasiltsov AM, Mikhaleva AI, Trofimov BA, Dyachenko OA, Chekhlov AN, Kazheva ON. Conformational study of 2-arylazo-1-vinylpyrroles. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45:142-51. [PMID: 17143911 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Conformational study of 2-phenylazo-1-vinylpyrrole and 2-(4-bromophenyl)azo-5-methyl-1-vinylpyrrole was performed on the basis of the experimental measurements and high-level ab initio calculations of their 13C--13C and 13C--1H spin-spin coupling constants, showing marked stereochemical behaviour upon the internal rotation of the vinyl group and the pyrrolyl moiety. In liquid phase, both compounds were found to adopt predominant s-trans-s-trans conformation with the noticeable population (ca. 30%) of the higher-energy s-cis-s-trans conformation in the latter compound. As follows from the X-ray data, 2-phenylazo-1-vinylpyrrole crystallizes in s-trans-s-trans conformation while the crystalline molecular structure of 2-(4-bromophenyl)azo-5-methyl-1-vinylpyrrole is s-cis-s-trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Yu Rusakov
- A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, Irkutsk, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Miyashita T, Yamaguchi T, Motoyama K, Unno K, Nakano Y, Shimoi K. Social stress increases biopyrrins, oxidative metabolites of bilirubin, in mouse urine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:775-80. [PMID: 16949032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether or not three kinds of social stress (isolation, crowding, and confrontation) increase urinary excretion of biopyrrins, oxidative metabolites of bilirubin, in mice. Male BALB/c mice (4 weeks old) were housed 5 per cage for 10 days. After acclimatization, mice were exposed to the above mentioned three kinds of psychosocial stress. Mouse blood and urine samples were collected after 2, 7, and 30 days of stress. Serum levels of corticosterone and urinary levels of biopyrrins were determined by EIA and ELISA, respectively. Adrenal hypertrophy, significant increases in serum concentration of corticosterone and in urinary excretion of biopyrrins were observed in mice exposed to these types of social stress for 7 days. These levels decreased after 30 days, though they were still rather high compared to the control group. These results suggested that social stress causes oxidative stress and that biopyrrins could be useful biomarkers of psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miyashita
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Trofimov BA, Schmidt EY, Mikhaleva AI, Vasil’tsov AM, Zaitsev AB, Smolyanina NS, Senotrusova EY, Afonin AV, Ushakov IA, Petrushenko KB, Kazheva ON, Dyachenko OA, Smirnov VV, Schmidt AF, Markova MV, Morozova LV. 2-Arylazo-1-vinylpyrroles: A Novel Promising Family of Reactive Dyes. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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MATSUZAKI M, HARUNA M, OTA E, WATANABE E, MURAYAMA R, TSUKAMOTO H. Urinary biopyrrin as a possible oxidative stress marker during pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3418/jjam.20.2_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Miyaoka T, Yasukawa R, Yasuda H, Shimizu M, Mizuno S, Sukegawa T, Inagaki T, Horiguchi J. Urinary excretion of biopyrrins, oxidative metabolites of bilirubin, increases in patients with psychiatric disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2005; 15:249-52. [PMID: 15820412 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several authors have suggested that psychological stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several studies have supported the idea that bilirubin exerts antioxidative effects in vivo, and it was reported psychological stress provokes bilirubin oxidation in vivo [Yamaguchi T., Shioji I., Sugimoto A., Yamaoka M., 2002. Psychological stress increases bilirubin metabolites in human urine. Biochem. and Biophys. Res. Commun. 293, 517-520]. We investigated whether the concentration of bilirubin oxidative metabolites (biopyrrins) is increased in urine from patients with psychiatric disorders. The concentration of biopyrrins in urine of 25 patients with psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, 15; depression, 10) was compared with 96 healthy volunteers. The concentrations of biopyrrins, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were normalized to the urinary concentration of creatinine. The concentration of biopyrrins in patients with psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia and depression) was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers. In schizophrenia, biopyrrins levels correlated with scores of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and in depression, biopyrrins levels correlated with scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). These finding suggest that psychotic states are associated with an increase in the oxidative metabolites of bilirubin in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Miyaoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enyacho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
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20
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Morita T, Imai T, Yamaguchi T, Sugiyama T, Katayama S, Yoshino G. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 in monocytes suppresses angiotensin II-elicited chemotactic activity through inhibition of CCR2: role of bilirubin and carbon monoxide generated by the enzyme. Antioxid Redox Signal 2003; 5:439-47. [PMID: 13678532 DOI: 10.1089/152308603768295186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and the receptor for MCP-1, CCR2, play a pivotal role in the recruitment of monocytes to the subendothelium, which is the initial event in atherosclerosis. Heme oxygenase (HO) is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme into biliverdin, which is subsequently reduced to bilirubin, free iron, and carbon monoxide, and induction of HO-1 is potentially associated with cellular protection, especially against oxidative insults. The present study was designed to examine the role of HO-1 in monocytes in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced chemotactic response. Ang II significantly stimulated superoxide formation in monocytes, as measured by nitro blue tetrazolium reduction assay, as well as the chemotactic response to MCP-1 with the increased expression of CCR2 determined by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. Hemin-treated monocytes displayed an enhanced HO activity with the increased accumulation of bilirubin determined by immunostaining, when compared with control monocytes. The induction of HO-1 in monocytes suppresses not only Ang II-stimulated superoxide formation, but also Ang II-enhanced chemotactic activity. Exogenously applied bilirubin and carbon monoxide mimicked the inhibitory effect of HO-1 on the chemotactic response. These findings suggest that monocytic HO-1 might be a new therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshisuke Morita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Toho University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Tsukahara H, Shibata R, Ohshima Y, Todoroki Y, Sato S, Ohta N, Hiraoka M, Yoshida A, Nishima S, Mayumi M. Oxidative stress and altered antioxidant defenses in children with acute exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. Life Sci 2003; 72:2509-16. [PMID: 12650859 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD) are not completely understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine the involvement of oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in children with acute exacerbation of AD. We studied 13 children who were hospitalized for acute exacerbation of AD with purulent skin infection by Staphylococcal aureus (age, 1.5 to 10.0 years), and 28 age-matched healthy subjects (controls). Urine samples obtained from the patients on admission, on 2nd and 7th-9th hospital days, as well as from the controls were analyzed for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (a marker of oxidative DNA damage), acrolein-lysine adducts (a marker of lipid peroxidation), bilirubin oxidative metabolites (BOM) (a marker of antioxidant activity of bilirubin under oxidative stress) and nitrite/nitrate (NO(x)(-)) (a marker of endogenous nitric oxide production). Of these, urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG, acrolein-lysine adducts and BOM, but not NO(x)(-), were significantly higher in AD children on admission than those in control subjects. Response to treatment was associated with significant falls in the concentrations of 8-OHdG and acrolein-lysine adducts. Urinary concentrations of acrolein-lysine adducts, but not 8-OHdG, were still significantly higher in AD patients on the 7th-9th hospital day relative to the control. Urinary BOM remained almost constant and significantly high in AD children during hospitalization. Our findings indicate that oxidative stress and altered antioxidant defenses are involved in the pathophysiology of acute exacerbation of AD, and that suppression of oxidative stress might be a potentially useful strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukui Medical University, 910-1193, Fukui, Japan.
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22
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Kajimura M, Shimoyama M, Tsuyama S, Suzuki T, Kozaki S, Takenaka S, Tsubota K, Oguchi Y, Suematsu M. Visualization of gaseous monoxide reception by soluble guanylate cyclase in the rat retina. FASEB J 2003; 17:506-8. [PMID: 12551840 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0359fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry using novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) allowed us to uncover tissue activities of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) fine tuned by NO and CO. Upon NO and CO applications in vitro, purified sGC increased the affinity to mAb3221 by 100- and 10-fold, respectively, but not to mAb28131. Immunohistochemistry for gas-generating enzymes revealed that NO occurred in amacrine, bipolar, and Müller's glia cells (MGCs), whereas CO was derived mostly from heme oxygenase (HO)-2 in MGCs. Basal sGC immunoreactivities in vivo to mAb3221 but not to mAb28131 were enhanced by injecting L-arginine and attenuated by blocking NO synthases, suggesting the ability of the former mAb to sense NO. Comparison of mAb-assisted immunohistochemistry suggested that sGC activities were enhanced by zinc protoporphyrin-IX, an HO inhibitor, and repressed completely by blocking NO. However, suggested roles of CO played in situ varied among different retinal layers. In inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers located in the proximity of the cellular NO sources, CO serves as a simple inhibitor of local sGC, while playing roles in housekeeping sGC activation in external limiting membrane standing far from them. These results suggest that CO generated in MGCs is a diffusible gas mediator regulating sGC in both autocrine and paracrine manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Kajimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo
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23
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Tsukahara H, Haruta T, Todoroki Y, Hiraoka M, Noiri E, Maeda M, Mayumi M. Oxidant and antioxidant activities in childhood meningitis. Life Sci 2002; 71:2797-806. [PMID: 12383885 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)02137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have provided substantial evidence for a key role of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and its related compounds in the complex pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis. However, there is little information on changes in the redox status in human meningitis. In the present study, we evaluated the redox status and oxidative stress in the central nervous system of children with meningitis. Oxidant and antioxidant activities were assessed from cerebrospinal fluid levels of acrolein-lysine adducts (a marker of lipid peroxidation), nitrite (a marker of nitric oxide production) and bilirubin derivatives (a marker of antioxidant activity of bilirubin). All these markers were several times higher in children during the early phase of bacterial meningitis compared with those of children without meningitis and patients with aseptic meningitis. In the bacterial meningitis group, the levels of bilirubin derivatives correlated significantly with those of acrolein-lysine adducts and nitrite. Acrolein-lysine adducts and nitrite decreased significantly as the patients started to respond to treatment but bilirubin derivatives remained elevated. In conclusion, our data indicate the enhancement of both oxidant and antioxidant activities in the central nervous system of children with early bacterial meningitis, but not in those with aseptic meningitis. Clinical and laboratory improvement may be associated with a decrease in oxidant activities in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukui Medical University, Japan.
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24
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Yamaguchi T, Shioji I, Sugimoto A, Yamaoka M. Psychological stress increases bilirubin metabolites in human urine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293:517-20. [PMID: 12054631 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Some authors have suggested that psychological stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some studies have supported that bilirubin exerts anti-oxidative effects in vivo. However, it is not known whether ROS induced by psychological stress provoke bilirubin oxidation in vivo. We investigated if the concentration of bilirubin oxidative metabolite (BOM), a bilirubin oxidative metabolite, increased in urine from subjects exposed to psychological stress. Sixty healthy male volunteers working in a pharmaceutical company were divided into a Group I which did not attend a conference, a Group II which attended a conference but did not deliver a speech, and a Group III which attended a conference and delivered speeches in the presence of the company executives. Subjective stress was scored (self-rating score) after subjects in Group III delivered their speeches at the conference. Urine was collected on the next day. The BOM concentrations, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were normalized to the urinary concentration of creatinine. The concentration of BOM in Group III was significantly higher compared to that in Groups I and II (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Furthermore, in Group III, the concentration of BOM correlated with the self-rating stress score (r=0.53, p<0.01). These findings suggest that emotional stimuli are associated with an increase in the oxidative metabolites of bilirubin in human urine, and that BOMs could be useful markers of psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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25
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Wang HD, Yamaya M, Okinaga S, Jia YX, Kamanaka M, Takahashi H, Guo LY, Ohrui T, Sasaki H. Bilirubin ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:406-11. [PMID: 11818329 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.3.2003149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many possible treatments for pulmonary fibrosis have been investigated, but except for some current clinical trials, none have succeeded in clinical trials. On the basis of the antioxidant action of bilirubin (BIL), we examined the effects of hyperbilirubinemia on the development of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The animals' plasma BIL level was kept within 3 and 10 mg/dl by repeated intravenous infusion of a high dose of BIL. We studied the inhibitory effects of hyperbilirubinemia on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis through histopathologic and biochemical analyses. Mortality of rats with BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis was significantly lower in the three groups with hyperbilirubinemia. The ameliorating effect of hyperbilirubinemia on pulmonary fibrosis was shown by lung histology, as well as by a decreased lung content of hydroxyproline and reduced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) concentration of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1). The number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes in BALF was also decreased in the groups with hyperbilirubinemia. Furthermore, oxidative metabolites of BIL in urine were present at significantly higher levels in BLM-treated rats with hyperbilirubinemia than in those without hyperbilirubinemia. These data suggest that the antioxidative action of BIL can attenuate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, partly by inhibiting lung inflammation and production of TGF-beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Dong Wang
- Department of Geriatric and Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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26
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Nakayama M, Takahashi K, Komaru T, Fukuchi M, Shioiri H, Kitamuro T, Shirato K, Yamaguchi T, Suematsu M, Shibahara S. Increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 and bilirubin accumulation in foam cells of rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:1373-7. [PMID: 11498468 DOI: 10.1161/hq0801.093592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the regiospecific oxidative degradation of heme to biliverdin IXalpha, iron, and carbon monoxide. Biliverdin IXalpha is subsequently reduced to bilirubin IXalpha by biliverdin reductase. HO-1 expression is induced under various disease conditions, including atherosclerosis, but it is unknown whether HO-1 catalyzes heme breakdown in the regions at risk. Using hypercholesterolemic rabbits fed a cholesterol-enriched diet, we attempted to demonstrate the involvement of HO-1 induction and bilirubin IXalpha production in atherosclerotic regions. Expression levels of HO-1 mRNA were elevated in the aortas of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that mRNA and protein of HO-1 are induced in endothelial cells and foam cells (lipid-filled macrophages) in atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry with the use of an anti-bilirubin-IXalpha monoclonal antibody, 24G7, demonstrated accumulation of bilirubin IXalpha in foam cells, indicating that heme is actually degraded in atherosclerotic lesions. Remarkably, bilirubin IXalpha, like HO-1 protein, is predominantly accumulated in the perinuclear regions of foam cells. These results provide the first in vivo evidence of the colocalization of HO-1 and bilirubin IXalpha in foam cells, suggesting a role of HO-1 induction in the modulation of macrophage activation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Biology and Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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27
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Otani K, Shimizu S, Chijiiwa K, Yamaguchi K, Kuroki S, Tanaka M. Increased urinary excretion of bilirubin oxidative metabolites in septic patients: a new marker for oxidative stress in vivo. J Surg Res 2001; 96:44-9. [PMID: 11180995 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2000.6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilirubin oxidative metabolites (BOMs) are generated from bilirubin as a result of its scavenging action against free radicals. During sepsis, excess amounts of free radicals are produced, and they play an important role in the pathophysiological process. We studied whether urinary excretion of BOMs would increase under septic conditions in humans and compared BOM levels with other well-established clinical parameters of inflammation. METHODS In 19 septic patients and 28 nonseptic control patients, the BOM concentrations in urine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an anti-bilirubin antibody. RESULTS Urinary BOM levels in septic patients were much higher than those in control patients (21.6 +/- 2.5 vs 1.4 +/- 0.4 micromol/g creatinine, P < 0.001). Although there was a linear correlation between urinary BOM and serum total bilirubin levels (r = 0.392, P = 0.008), serum bilirubin levels were not significantly higher in the septic group than in the control group (P = 0.072). BOM levels correlated with body temperature (r = 0.801, P < 0.001), white blood cell counts in the peripheral blood (r = 0.590, P < 0.001), serum C-reactive protein (r = 0.653, P < 0.001), and the acute physiological and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score (r = 0.467, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated a urinary increase in BOMs in septic patients. This increase indicates that urinary BOM level is a possible marker for continuous monitoring of sepsis severity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otani
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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28
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Kimpara T, Takeda A, Yamaguchi T, Arai H, Okita N, Takase S, Sasaki H, Itoyama Y. Increased bilirubins and their derivatives in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2000; 21:551-4. [PMID: 10924768 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin, an efficient antioxidant, is the end product of the heme cleavage pathway, which is catalyzed by heme oxygenase (HO) and biliverdin reductase. Although an inducible form of HO is overexpressed in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, it has not been determined whether bilirubin metabolism is actually activated or not. In this study, we measured CSF-bilirubins and their derivatives using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with two kinds of anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibodies, designated 24G7 and 5M2. In AD patients, the levels of CSF bilirubin derivatives increased significantly compared with those of controls. This increase was not due to the increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, because the levels of unconjugated bilirubin were not different between AD and controls. These data may reflect the increase of degraded bilirubin metabolites in the AD brain derived from the scavenging reaction against chronic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kimpara
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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29
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Mori M, Suematsu M, Kyokane T, Sano T, Suzuki H, Yamaguchi T, Ishimura Y, Ishii H. Carbon monoxide-mediated alterations in paracellular permeability and vesicular transport in acetaminophen-treated perfused rat liver. Hepatology 1999; 30:160-8. [PMID: 10385652 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether acetaminophen (AAP), an anti-inflammatory agent producing hepatocellular damages with its overdose, evokes hepatocellular dysfunction through mechanisms involving carbon monoxide (CO) generated by heme oxygenase (HO). In perfused rat livers, CO and bilirubin were determined in venous perfusate and bile samples as indices of heme degradation. Biliary excretion of transportally injected horseradish peroxidase was also determined to assess paracellular junctional permeability and vesicular transport across hepatocytes. AAP at 20 mmol/L induced a transient choleresis, followed by a reduction of bile output. Under these circumstances, the release of CO and bilirubin IXalpha, terminal products of the HO-mediated heme degradation, became 2. 5-fold greater than the control. The rate of CO production appeared stoichiometric to the degradation rate of microsomal cytochrome P-450. Mechanisms for the AAP-induced cholestasis involved an increase in the junctional permeability that coincided with a reduction of vesicular transport across hepatocytes. Clotrimazole, a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, or zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO inhibitor, but not copper protoporphyrin IX, which did not inhibit HO, attenuated these AAP-induced changes. Furthermore, administration of CO at concentrations comparable with those induced by AAP elicited a marked elevation of the paracellular junctional permeability concurrent with a reduction of transcellular vesicular transport, mimicking effects of the AAP administration. Thus, CO serves as a putative regulator of hepatocellular function that is overproduced through acute heme degradation during xenobiotic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mori
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Yamaguchi T, Hashizume T, Tanaka M, Nakayama M, Sugimoto A, Ikeda S, Nakajima H, Horio F. Bilirubin oxidation provoked by endotoxin treatment is suppressed by feeding ascorbic acid in a rat mutant unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 245:233-40. [PMID: 9151948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the possibility that bilirubin oxidation is provoked in vivo by using scurvy-prone ODS-od/od rats treated with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). Recently, bilirubin oxidative metabolites were isolated from human urine and named biotripyrrin-a and biotripyrrin-b. In ODS-od/od rats fed an ascorbic-acid-free diet, the concentration of bilirubin metabolites in urine was increased 7.0-fold at 3 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide and 4.4-fold at 10 h compared to the control rats injected with saline. The dietary supplement of ascorbic acid, the physiological antioxidant, suppressed the increase in bilirubin metabolites in urine after lipopolysaccharide injection: concentrations of biotripyrrin-a and biotripyrrin-b in urine collected 6.5-10 h after the injection were lower in rats fed an ascorbic-acid-supplemented diet than in rats fed an ascorbic-acid-free diet. Moreover, feeding of ascorbic acid suppressed the hepatic mRNA level of heme oxygenase-1, the rate-limiting enzyme of bilirubin biosynthesis, in rats injected with lipopolysaccharide. These findings indicate that bilirubin oxidation is markedly stimulated in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats and suggest that bilirubin and ascorbic acid have physiologically protective effects against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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