Hydroformylation of 1-hexene catalysed by complexes of rhodium(I) with DI- or tritertiary phosphines

Ligand effects in rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation with bisphosphines: steric or electronic?

Do wide bite angles lead to high linear regioselectivity in hydroformylation, or is an electronic effect operative?

A Bimetallic Hydroformylation Catalyst: High Regioselectivity and Reactivity Through Homobimetallic Cooperativity

The racemic and meso diastereomers of an electron-rich binucleating tetraphosphine ligand have been used to prepare homobimetallic rhodium norbornadiene complexes. The racemic bimetallic Rh complex is an excellent hydroformylation catalyst for 1-alkenes, giving both a high rate of reaction and high regioselectivity for linear aldehydes, whereas the meso complex is considerably slower and less selective. A mechanism involving bimetallic cooperativity between the two rhodium centers in the form of an intramolecular hydride transfer is proposed. Mono- and bimetallic model complexes in which the possibility for bimetallic cooperativity has been reduced or eliminated are very poor catalysts.