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Ferretti F, Fouad MA, Abbo C, Ragaini F. Effective Synthesis of 4-Quinolones by Reductive Cyclization of 2'-Nitrochalcones Using Formic Acid as a CO Surrogate. Molecules 2023; 28:5424. [PMID: 37513296 PMCID: PMC10386197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Quinolones are the structural elements of many pharmaceutically active compounds. Although several approaches are known for their synthesis, the introduction of an aryl ring in position 2 is problematic with most of them. The reductive cyclization of o-nitrochalcones by pressurized CO, catalyzed by ruthenium or palladium complexes, has been previously reported to be a viable synthetic strategy for this aim, but the need for pressurized CO lines and autoclaves has prevented its widespread use. In this paper, we describe the use of the formic acid/acetic anhydride mixture as a CO surrogate, which allows us to perform the reaction in a cheap and commercially available thick-walled glass tube without adding any gaseous reagent. The obtained yields are often high and compare favorably with those previously reported by the use of pressurized CO. The procedure was applied to a three-step synthesis from commercially available and cheap reagents of the alkaloid Graveoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manar Ahmed Fouad
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Cecilia Abbo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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2
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Synthesis of aromatic carbamate via palladium catalyzed reductive carbonylation reaction of Nitro benzene: An alternative approach with different nucleophiles other than MeOH. J Organomet Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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3
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Phenyl Formate as a CO Surrogate for the Reductive Cyclization of Organic Nitro Compounds to Yield Different N-Heterocycles: No Need for Autoclaves and Pressurized Carbon Monoxide. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The reductive cyclization of different organic nitro compounds by carbon monoxide, catalyzed by transition metal complexes, is a very efficient and clean strategy for the synthesis of many N-heterocycles. However, its use requires the use of autoclaves and pressurized CO lines. In this perspective, the authors will present the results obtained in their laboratories on the use of phenyl formate as a convenient CO surrogate, able to liberate carbon monoxide under the reaction conditions and allowing the use of a cheap glass pressure tube as a reaction vessel. In most cases, yields were better than those previously reported by the use of pressurized CO, proving that the use of CO surrogates can be a viable alternative to the gaseous reagent.
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4
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Synthesis of Indoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of β-Nitrostyrenes with Phenyl Formate as a CO Surrogate. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The reductive cyclization of suitably substituted organic nitro compounds by carbon monoxide is a very appealing technique for the synthesis of heterocycles because of its atom efficiency and easiness of separation of the only stoichiometric byproduct CO2, but the need for pressurized CO has hampered its diffusion. We have recently reported on the synthesis of indoles by reductive cyclization of o-nitrostyrenes using phenyl formate as a CO surrogate, using a palladium/1,10-phenanthroline complex as catalyst. However, depending on the desired substituents on the structure, the use of β-nitrostyrenes as alternative reagents may be advantageous. We report here the results of our study on the possibility to use phenyl formate as a CO surrogate in the synthesis of indoles by reductive cyclization of β-nitrostyrenes, using PdCl2(CH3CN)2 + phenanthroline as the catalyst. It turned out that good results can be obtained when the starting nitrostyrene bears an aryl substituent in the alpha position. However, when no such substituent is present, only fair yield of indole can be obtained because the base required to decompose the formate also catalyzes an oligo-polymerization of the starting styrene. The reaction can be performed in a single glass pressure tube, a cheap and easily available piece of equipment.
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Ahmed Fouad M, Ferretti F, Formenti D, Milani F, Ragaini F. Synthesis of Indoles by Reductive Cyclization of Nitro Compounds Using Formate Esters as CO Surrogates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manar Ahmed Fouad
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University P.O. Box 426 Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Dario Formenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie – RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1a 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Fabio Milani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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An Escape from Noble Metals for Generating Urethanes via Reductive Carbonylation of Nitroarenes over FeSe2/γ-Al2O3 †. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of FeCl3, SeO2, and Pyridine (Py) in the presence of methanol (MeOH) under CO pressure generates a black precipitate, which has been confirmed as ferric di-selenide, FeSe2 through different structure characterization methods. Furthermore, impregnation of 5 wt% of FeSe2 onto γ-Al2O3 exhibits better catalytic performance than FeSe2 due to the highly dispersed and smaller particle sizes ca. 200–300 nm. The reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene (NB) was investigated over FeSe2/γ-Al2O3 as a heterogeneous catalyst, delivering an excellent yield and high selectivity of methyl-N-phenyl carbamate (MPC). Moreover, a set of reactions was performed with variation in the reaction time, temperature, and pressure to investigate the effects of these factors. In particular, FeSe2/γ-Al2O3 is highly stable and can be recycled for up to five cycles without significant loss in catalytic performance. A mechanistic study was also conducted on this low-cost catalyst system, especially proposing a crucial role of FeSe2 (μ-CO) active species.
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Ferretti F, Ramadan DR, Ragaini F. Transition Metal Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization Reactions of Nitroarenes and Nitroalkenes. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferretti
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Doaa R. Ramadan
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
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Zahrtmann N, Claver C, Godard C, Riisager A, Garcia-Suarez EJ. Selective Oxidative Carbonylation of Aniline to Diphenylurea with Ionic Liquids. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Zahrtmann
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n Campus Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Carmen Claver
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n Campus Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n Campus Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Anders Riisager
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Eduardo J. Garcia-Suarez
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Tecnalia, Energy and Environment Division; Parque Tecnológico de Álava; Leonardo Da Vinci, 11 01510 Miñano Spain
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; Maria Diaz de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
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EL-Atawy MA, Ferretti F, Ragaini F. A Synthetic Methodology for Pyrroles from Nitrodienes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. EL-Atawy
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; P.O. 426 Ibrahemia 21321 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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10
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Tsygankov AA, Makarova M, Chusov D. Carbon monoxide as a selective reducing agent in organic chemistry. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Macchi P, Ragaini F, Casati N, Krawczuk A, Sironi A. Experimental and theoretical electron density of intermediates in palladium-phenanthroline catalyzed carbonylation of amines and reductive carbonylation of nitroarenes. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:581-586. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Macchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3; Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Department of Chemistry; University of Milan, via Golgi 19; Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Nicola Casati
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, WLGA/229; Villingen 5234 Switzerland
| | - Anna Krawczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2; Krakow 30-387 Poland
| | - Angelo Sironi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Milan, via Golgi 19; Milano 20133 Italy
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12
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Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Nitroalkenes: Synthesis of Thienopyrroles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Ferretti F, Formenti D, Ragaini F. The reduction of organic nitro compounds by carbon monoxide as an effective strategy for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds: a personal account. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-017-0601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Ferretti F, EL-Atawy MA, Muto S, Hagar M, Gallo E, Ragaini F. Synthesis of Indoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of β-Nitrostyrenes with Carbon Monoxide as the Reductant. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Ferretti F, Gallo E, Ragaini F. Mineral Oil/Methanol: A Cheap Biphasic Reaction Medium with Thermomorphic Properties and Its Application to the Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Nitrobenzene to Methyl Phenylcarbamate. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Nitrogen ligands effects in the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reaction of nitrobenzene to give N-methyl phenylcarbamate. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Liang M, Lee TJ, Huang CC, Lin KY. A Non-Phosgene Route Synthesis of Carbamate in Continuous Fixed Bed Reactor. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Shibahara F, Murai T. Direct CH Arylation of Heteroarenes Catalyzed by Palladium/ Nitrogen-Based Ligand Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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20
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Mooibroek TJ, Schoon L, Bouwman E, Drent E. Carbonylation of Nitrobenzene in Methanol with Palladium Bidentate Phosphane Complexes: An Unexpectedly Complex Network of Catalytic Reactions, Centred around a Pd-imido Intermediate. Chemistry 2011; 17:13318-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Li J, Hu J, Li G. Au (III)/N-containing ligand complex: A novel and efficient catalyst in carbonylation of alkyl nitrite. CATAL COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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22
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Ferretti F, Ragaini F, Lariccia R, Gallo E, Cenini S. New Nonsymmetric Phenanthrolines as Very Effective Ligands in the Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Nitrobenzene. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferretti
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica “Lamberto Malatesta”, ISTM-CNR, and INSTM, UdR Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica “Lamberto Malatesta”, ISTM-CNR, and INSTM, UdR Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Lariccia
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica “Lamberto Malatesta”, ISTM-CNR, and INSTM, UdR Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica “Lamberto Malatesta”, ISTM-CNR, and INSTM, UdR Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Cenini
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica “Lamberto Malatesta”, ISTM-CNR, and INSTM, UdR Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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23
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Mooibroek TJ, Bouwman E, Lutz M, Spek AL, Drent E. NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Palladium(II) Complexes of Bidentate Diphenylphosphane Ligands with Acetate and Tosylate Anions: Complex Formation and Structures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Shibahara F, Yamaguchi E, Murai T. Direct multiple C–H bond arylation reaction of heteroarenes catalyzed by cationic palladium complex bearing 1,10-phenanthroline. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2471-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b920794e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Xiong H, Mo W, Hu J, Bai R, Li G. CuCl/phen/NMI in Homogeneous Carbonylation for Synthesis of Diethyl Carbonate: Highly Active Catalyst and Corrosion Inhibitor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901139e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials and Chemistry & Service Failure, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanling Mo
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials and Chemistry & Service Failure, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianglin Hu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials and Chemistry & Service Failure, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongxian Bai
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials and Chemistry & Service Failure, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxing Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials and Chemistry & Service Failure, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
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Mechanistic Study of the Palladium-Phenanthroline Catalyzed Carbonylation of Nitroarenes and Amines: Palladium-Carbonyl Intermediates and Bifunctional Effects. Chemistry 2009; 15:8064-8077. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Ragaini F. Away from phosgene: reductive carbonylation of nitroarenes and oxidative carbonylation of amines, understanding the mechanism to improve performance. Dalton Trans 2009:6251-66. [PMID: 19655055 DOI: 10.1039/b902425p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress, with some emphasis on the author's own work, on the understanding of the mechanism of the reductive carbonylation of nitroarenes and of the oxidative carbonylation of amines is discussed, highlighting the close connection between the two reactions and trying to unify scattered data in the literature. Isocyanates, carbamates and ureas can be obtained by either procedure, without the need for the use of the toxic and corrosive phosgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica Lamberto Malatesta and ISTM-CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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28
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Qin F, Li Q, Wang J, Feng Y, Kang M, Zhu Y, Wang X. One Pot Synthesis of Methyl N-Phenyl Carbamate from Aniline, Urea and Methanol. Catal Letters 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-008-9647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Li F, Xia C. Pd(Phen)Cl2 stabilized by ionic liquid: an efficient and reusable catalyst for biphasic oxidative cyclocarbonylation of β-aminoalcohols and 2-aminophenol. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Gasperini M, Ragaini F, Cenini S, Gallo E, Fantauzzi S. Fluoride effect on the palladium–phenanthroline catalyzed carbonylation of nitroarenes to carbamates. Appl Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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The catalytic performance and corrosion inhibition of CuCl/Schiff base system in homogeneous oxidative carbonylation of methanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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33
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Shi F, He Y, Li D, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Deng Y. Developing effective catalyst system for reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene based on the diversity of ionic liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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The palladium–phenanthroline catalyzed carbonylation of nitroarenes to diarylureas: Effect of chloride and diphenylphosphinic acid. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Gasperini M, Ragaini F, Cazzaniga C, Cenini S. Carbonylation of Dinitrotoluene to Dimethyl Toluenedicarbamate; High Efficiency of Phosphorus Acids as Promoters for the Palladium-Phenanthroline Catalytic System. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200404151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Li QF, Wang JW, Dong WS, Kang MQ, Wang XK, Peng SY. A phosgene-free process for the synthesis of methyl N-phenyl carbamate by the reaction of aniline with methyl carbamate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2003.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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37
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Bae JY, Kim SJ, Lah MS, Chin CS. Imidazolium and Phosphonium Alkylselenites for the Catalytic Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines: Mechanistic Studies. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om030005f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Sik Kim
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Bae
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Lah
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Chong Shik Chin
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
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38
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Ragaini F, Cenini S, Brignoli D, Gasperini M, Gallo E. Synthesis of oxazines and N-arylpyrroles by reaction of unfunctionalized dienes with nitroarenes and carbon monoxide, catalyzed by palladium-phenanthroline complexes. J Org Chem 2003; 68:460-6. [PMID: 12530872 DOI: 10.1021/jo0260589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between an unfunctionalized conjugated diene and a nitroarene under CO pressure and at 100 degrees C, catalyzed by [Pd(Phen)2][BF4]2 (Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), affords the corresponding hetero-Diels-Alder adduct (oxazine) in up to 91% yields in one pot. If the reaction mixture is then heated to 200 degrees C, the oxazines are converted into the corresponding N-arylpyrroles in good yields. Pressures as low as 5 bar can be employed, and 0.08% catalyst is sufficient to effect the transformation. The reaction can be equally run by employing the nitroarene or the diene as limiting agent and works well for nitroarenes bearing either electron-withdrawing or mildly electron-donating substituents. A moderate steric hindrance on the nitroarene (o-methyl) is well tolerated, but 1,4-disubstituted-1,3-dienes are not suitable substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica and ISTM-CNR, V. G. Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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39
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Sessanta o Santi A, Milani B, Zangrando E, Mestroni G. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Palladium Metallacyclic Complex: A Key Intermediate in the Carbonylation of Azobenzene to
N
‐Phenyl Urethane. Eur J Inorg Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(200011)2000:11<2351::aid-ejic2351>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sessanta o Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Fax: (internat.) + 39‐040/676‐3903
| | - Barbara Milani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Fax: (internat.) + 39‐040/676‐3903
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Fax: (internat.) + 39‐040/676‐3903
| | - Giovanni Mestroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, Fax: (internat.) + 39‐040/676‐3903
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40
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Catalytic synthesis of isocyanates or carbamates from nitroaromatics using Group VIII transition metal catalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(99)00230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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A novel palladium catalyst for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from carbon monoxide, water and oxygen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(99)00218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Milani B, Corso G, Zangrando E, Randaccio L, Mestroni G. Crystal Structure and Dynamic Behavior of a New Class of Monocationic Organometallic PdII Compounds with Two Molecules of Bidentate Ligands: [Pd(L–L)(N–N)(CH2NO2)][PF6] (L–L = N–N, dppp). Eur J Inorg Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199911)1999:11<2085::aid-ejic2085>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Gallo E, Ragaini F, Cenini S, Demartin F. Investigation of the reactivity of palladium(0) complexes with nitroso compounds: relevance to the palladiumphenanthroline-catalysed carbonylation reactions of nitroarenes. J Organomet Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Macchioni A, Bellachioma G, Cardaci G, Travaglia M, Zuccaccia C, Milani B, Corso G, Zangrando E, Mestroni G, Carfagna C, Formica M. Counterion Effect on CO/Styrene Copolymerization Catalyzed by Cationic Palladium(II) Organometallic Complexes: An Interionic Structural and Dynamic Investigation Based on NMR Spectroscopy. Organometallics 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/om990372k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Santi R, Romano A, Panella F, Mestroni G, Sessanti O. Santi A. Reductive carbonylation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene to 2,4-toluendiurethane with palladium(1,10-phenanthroline)2(hexafluorophosphate)2, as catalyst, and 1,10-phenanthrolinium hexafluorophosphate, as cocatalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(98)00379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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46
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47
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Islam S, Mal D, Palit B, Saha C. Reductive carbonylation of nitroaromatics using RhA(CO)2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(98)00295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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48
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Bianchi D, Bortolo R, D'Aloisio R, Ricci M. Zweiphasensynthese von Wasserstoffperoxid aus Kohlenmonoxid, Wasser und Sauerstoff, katalysiert durch Palladiumkomplexe mit zweizähnigen Stickstoffliganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990301)111:5<734::aid-ange734>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Milani B, Mestroni G. Pd(II) Complexes with Bidentate Nitrogen-Donor Chelating Ligands: Very Versatile and Active Catalyst Precursors for the CO/Olefin Co- and Terpolymerization Reactions. COMMENT INORG CHEM 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/02603599908021448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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New palladium (substituted 1,10-phenanthroline) bis(methoxycarbonyl) complexes [Pd(L–L)(CO2CH3)2]: preparation and structural features. J Organomet Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(98)00742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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