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Kinetic Study of the Oxidative Addition Reaction between Methyl Iodide and [Rh(imino-β-diketonato)(CO)(PPh) 3] Complexes, Utilizing UV-Vis, IR Spectrophotometry, NMR Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061931. [PMID: 35335295 PMCID: PMC8954617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative addition of methyl iodide to [Rh(β-diketonato)(CO)(PPh)3] complexes, as modal catalysts of the first step during the Monsanto process, are well-studied. The β-diketonato ligand is a bidentate (BID) ligand that bonds, through two O donor atoms (O,O-BID ligand), to rhodium. Imino-β-diketones are similar to β-diketones, though the donor atoms are N and O, referred to as an N,O-BID ligand. In this study, the oxidative addition of methyl iodide to [Rh(imino-β-diketonato)(CO)(PPh)3] complexes, as observed on UV-Vis spectrophotometry, IR spectrophotometry and NMR spectrometry, are presented. Experimentally, one isomer of [Rh(CH3COCHCNPhCH3)(CO)(PPh3)] and two isomers of [Rh(CH3COCHCNHCH3)(CO)(PPh3)] are observed-in agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimentally the [Rh(CH3COCHCNPhCH3)(CO)(PPh3)] + CH3I reaction proceeds through one reaction step, with a rhodium(III)-alkyl as the final reaction product. However, the [Rh(CH3COCHCNHCH3)(CO)(PPh3)] + CH3I reaction proceeds through two reaction steps, with a rhodium(III)-acyl as the final reaction product. DFT calculations of all the possible reaction products and transition states agree with experimental findings. Due to the smaller electronegativity of N, compared to O, the oxidative addition reaction rate of CH3I to the two [Rh(imino-β-diketonato)(CO)(PPh)3] complexes of this study was 7-11 times faster than the oxidative addition reaction rate of CH3I to [Rh(CH3COCHCOCH3)(CO)(PPh3)].
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Bara-Estaún A, Lyall CL, Lowe JP, Pringle PG, Kamer PCJ, Franke R, Hintermair U. Multi-nuclear, high-pressure, operando FlowNMR spectroscopic study of Rh/PPh 3 - catalysed hydroformylation of 1-hexene. Faraday Discuss 2021; 229:422-442. [PMID: 34075917 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydroformylation of 1-hexene with 12 bar of 1 : 1 H2/CO in the presence of the catalytic system [Rh(acac)(CO)2]/PPh3 was successfully studied by real-time multinuclear high-resolution FlowNMR spectroscopy at 50 °C. Quantitative reaction progress curves that yield rates as well as chemo- and regioselectivities have been obtained with varying P/Rh loadings. Dissolved H2 can be monitored in solution to ensure true operando conditions without gas limitation. 31P{1H} and selective excitation 1H pulse sequences have been periodically interleaved with 1H FlowNMR measurements to detect Rh-phosphine intermediates during the catalysis. Stopped-flow experiments in combination with diffusion measurements and 2D heteronuclear correlation experiments showed the known tris-phosphine complex [RhH(CO)(PPh3)3] to generate rapidly exchanging isomers of the bis-phosphine complex [Rh(CO)2(PPh3)2] under CO pressure that directly enter the catalytic cycle. A new mono-phosphine acyl complex has been identified as an in-cycle reaction intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bara-Estaún
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK. and Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
| | - Catherine L Lyall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK. and Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
| | - John P Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK. and Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
| | - Paul G Pringle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Paul C J Kamer
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Straße 1, 45772 Marl, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK. and Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, UK and Centre for Sustainable & Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Mieczyńska E, Grzybek R, Trzeciak AM. Rhodium Pyrrolylphosphine Complexes as Highly Active and Selective Catalysts for Propene Hydroformylation: The Effect of Water and Aldehyde on the Reaction Regioselectivity. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mieczyńska
- University of Wrocław; Faculty of Chemistry; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Ryzard Grzybek
- Grupa Azoty, Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn-Koźle S.A.; Mostowa 30A Kędzierzyn-Koźle Poland
| | - Anna M. Trzeciak
- University of Wrocław; Faculty of Chemistry; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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Conradie J. Mechanistic investigation of cis and trans oxidative addition to acetylacetonato-1,5-cyclooctadieneiridium(I). Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Conradie J. Density functional theory calculations of Rh-β-diketonato complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1503-15. [PMID: 25429658 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02268h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory results on the geometry, energies and charges of selected Rh-β-diketonato reactants, products and transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Conradie
- Department of Chemistry
- University of the Free State
- 9300 Bloemfontein
- Republic of South Africa
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6
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On rhodium complexes bearing H-spirophosphorane derived ligands: Synthesis, structural and catalytic properties. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Conradie MM, Conradie J. Methyl iodide oxidative addition to [Rh(acac)(CO)(PPh3)]: an experimental and theoretical study of the stereochemistry of the products and the reaction mechanism. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:8226-37. [PMID: 21761056 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10271k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marrigje M Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
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N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in Reactions Involving Carbon Monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2866-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Veige AS. Carbon monoxide as a reagent: A report on the role of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in metal-catalyzed carbonylation reactions. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Praetorius JM, Kotyk MW, Webb JD, Wang R, Crudden CM. Rhodium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Carboxylato Complexes: Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Catalytic Activity in the Hydroformylation of Alkenes. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om060942y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Praetorius
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Matthew W. Kotyk
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Jonathan D. Webb
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Cathleen M. Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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Trzeciak AM, Štěpnička P, Mieczyńska E, Ziółkowski JJ. Rhodium(I) complexes with 1′-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenecarboxylic acid as active and recyclable catalysts for 1-hexene hydroformylation. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wen F, Bönnemann H, Jiang J, Lu D, Wang Y, Jin Z. Evidence of colloidal rhodium formation during the biphasic hydroformylation of 1-octene with thermoregulated phase-transfer phosphine rhodium(I) catalyst. Appl Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Catalytic studies of aminated MCM-41-tethered rhodium complexes for hydroformylation of 1-octene and styrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jackstell R, Klein H, Beller M, Wiese KD, Röttger D. Synthesis of Pyrrolyl-, Indolyl-, and Carbazolylphosphanes and Their Catalytic Application as Ligands in the Hydroformylation of 2-Pentene. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200110)2001:20<3871::aid-ejoc3871>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Hydroformylation of styrene and 1-octene catalyzed by binuclear and oligomer rhodium(I) complexes containing the bis-p-phosphinito ligands [(p-Ph2POC6H4)2X] (X=O, CMe2, S). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(99)00118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Trzeciak AM, Ziółkowski JJ, Lis T, Choukroun R. Novel rhodium(I) complexes with (2-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylphosphine ligand: catalytic properties and X-ray structures of Rh(OC6H4PPh2)(CO)(PPh3) and Rh(OC6H4PPh2){P(OPh)3}2 · 0.5C6H6. J Organomet Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(98)00981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Shen J, Stevens ED, Nolan SP. Enthalpies of Reaction of Cp‘Ru(COD)Cl (Cp‘ = C5H5, C5Me5; COD = Cyclooctadiene) with π-Acceptor Chelating Phosphine Ligands. Organometallics 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/om980174d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
| | - Edwin D. Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
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Mdleleni MM, Rinker RG, Ford PC. The hydrogenation and hydroformylation of alkenes as catalyzed by polymer-anchored rhodium trichloride under water gas shift reaction conditions. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(97)05868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Trzeciak AM, Ziółkowski JJ, Choukroun R. New bimetallic rhodium-zirconium catalysts for homogeneous olefin hydroformylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/1381-1169(96)00200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bianchini C, Zoellner RW. Activation of Dioxygen by Cobalt Group Metal Complexes. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fremy G, Castanet Y, Grzybek R, Monflier E, Mortreux A, Trzeciak AM, Ziolkowski JJ. A new, highly selective, water-soluble rhodium catalyst for methyl acrylate hydroformylation. J Organomet Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(95)05595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mieczyńska E, Trzeciak AM, Ziółkowski JJ, Lis T. Impact of dioxygen and carboxylic acids on the transformation of rhodium(I) to rhodium(III) complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9950000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ungváry F. Transition metals in organic synthesis: Hydroformylation, reduction, and oxidation. Annual survey covering the year 1992. J Organomet Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(94)88095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Heinrich B, Hjortkjaer J, Nikitidis A, rlaxel Andersson C. Poly(trimethylolpropane)trimethacrylate-bound Rh-phosphine complexes as catalysts in continuous gas-phase hydroformylation of propene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(93)85019-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effect of carboxylic acids on the yield and selectivity of the hydroformylation of hex-1-ene catalysed by [Rh(acac) (CO) (PPh3)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(93)85077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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