1
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Zaky MS, Wirotius AL, Coulembier O, Guichard G, Taton D. Reaching High Stereoselectivity and Activity in Organocatalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of Racemic Lactide by the Combined Use of a Chiral (Thio)Urea and a N-Heterocyclic Carbene. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1148-1155. [PMID: 36067070 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stereochemical control during polymerization is a key strategy of polymer chemistry to achieve semicrystalline engineered plastics. The stereoselective ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic lactide (rac-LA), which can lead to highly isotactic polylactide (PLA), is one of the emblematic examples in this area. Surprisingly, stereoselective ROP of rac-LA employing chiral organocatalysts has been under-leveraged. Here we show that a commercially available chiral thiourea (TU1), or its urea homologue (U1), can be used in conjunction with an appropriately selected N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) to trigger the stereoselective ROP of rac-LA at room temperature in toluene. Both a high organic catalysis activity (>90% monomer conversion in 5-9 h) and a high stereoselectivity (probability of formation of meso dyads, Pm, in the range 0.82-0.93) can be achieved by thus pairing a NHC and a chiral amino(thio)urea. The less sterically hindered and the more basic NHC, that is, a NHC bearing tert-butyl substituents (NHCtBu), provides the highest stereoselectivity when employed in conjunction with the chiral TU1 or U1. This asymmetric organic catalysis strategy, as applied here in polymerization chemistry, further expands the field of possibilities to achieve bioplastics with adapted thermomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir Zaky
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, INP-ENSCBP, 16 av, Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC Cedex France
| | - Anne-Laure Wirotius
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, INP-ENSCBP, 16 av, Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC Cedex France
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, INP-ENSCBP, 16 av, Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC Cedex France
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2
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Synthesis of polycyclic polyolefins by a Pd-catalyzed isomerization polymerization of vinylcycloalkanes. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Wang H, Zhao Y, Nishiura M, Yang Y, Luo G, Luo Y, Hou Z. Scandium-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Cyclopolymerization of Functionalized α,ω-Dienes and Copolymerization with Ethylene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12624-12633. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haobing Wang
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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4
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Pasini D, Takeuchi D. Cyclopolymerizations: Synthetic Tools for the Precision Synthesis of Macromolecular Architectures. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8983-9057. [PMID: 30146875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monomers possessing two functionalities suitable for polymerization are often designed and utilized in syntheses directed to the formation of cross-linked macromolecules. In this review, we give an account of recent developments related to the use of such monomers in cyclopolymerization processes, in order to form linear, soluble macromolecules. These processes can be activated by means of radical, ionic, or transition-metal mediated chain-growth polymerization mechanisms, to achieve cyclic moieties of variable ring size which are embedded within the polymer backbone, driving and tuning peculiar physical properties of the resulting macromolecules. The two functionalities are covalently linked by a "tether", which can be appropriately designed in order to "imprint" elements of chemical information into the polymer backbone during the synthesis and, in some cases, be removed by postpolymerization reactions. The two functionalities can possess identical or even very different reactivities toward the polymerization mechanism involved; in the latter case, consequences and outcomes related to the sequence-controlled, precision synthesis of macromolecules have been demonstrated. Recent advances in new initiating systems and polymerization catalysts enabled the precision syntheses of polymers with regulated cyclic structures by highly regio- and/or stereoselective cyclopolymerization. Cyclopolymerizations involving double cyclization, ring-opening, or isomerization have been also developed, generating unique repeating structures, which can hardly be obtained by conventional polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit , University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli , 10-27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Daisuke Takeuchi
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Hirosaki University , 3 Bunkyo-cho , Hirosaki , Aomori , 036-8561 , Japan
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5
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Synthesis and thermal properties of poly(oligomethylene-cycloalkylene)s with regulated regio- and stereochemistry. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Nakata N, Watanabe T, Toda T, Ishii A. Enantio- and Stereoselective Cyclopolymerization of Hexa-1,5-diene Catalyzed by Zirconium Complexes Possessing Optically Active Bis(phenolato) Ligands. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1820-1824. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Nakata
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Takanori Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Toda
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishii
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
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7
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Martin A, Robert F, Taton D, Cramail H, Vincent JM, Landais Y. Organocatalyzed Step-Growth Polymerization through Desymmetrization of Cyclic Anhydrides: Synthesis of Chiral Polyesters. Chemistry 2014; 20:11946-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Cyclocopolymerization of 1,6-heptadiene with ethylene by half-sandwich scandium catalysts. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Crawford KE, Sita LR. Stereoengineering of poly(1,3-methylenecyclohexane) via two-state living coordination polymerization of 1,6-heptadiene. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8778-81. [PMID: 23691930 DOI: 10.1021/ja402262x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
External control over the rate of dynamic methyl group exchange between configurationally stable active species and configurationally unstable dormant species with respect to chain-growth propagation within a highly stereoselective and regiospecific living coordination polymerization of 1,6-heptadiene has been used to generate a spectrum of different physical forms of poly(1,3-methylenecyclohexane) (PMCH) in which the stereochemical microstructure has been systematically varied between two limiting forms. The application of this strategy to manipulate the bulk properties of PMCH and the solid-state microphase behavior of well-defined PMCH-b-poly(1-hexene) block copolymers is further demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Crawford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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10
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Saito Y, Saito R. Synthesis of syndiotactic poly(methacrylic acid) by free-radical polymerization of the pseudo-divinyl monomer formed with methacrylic acid and catechol. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Stereo-controlled synthesis of polyolefins with cycloalkane groups by using late transition metals. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Rossegger E, Oláh L, Fischer R, Kaschnitz P, Varga O, Kállay M, Scheipl G, Stelzer F, Wiesbrock F. Synthesis of a poly(2-azanorbornene) with a high degree of cis-TT-stereoregularity and a regular secondary solution structure. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20219k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Takeuchi D. Novel Controlled Polymerization of Cyclo-olefins, Dienes, and Trienes by Utilizing Reaction Properties of Late Transition Metals. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Guo F, Nishiura M, Koshino H, Hou Z. Cycloterpolymerization of 1,6-Heptadiene with Ethylene and Styrene Catalyzed by a THF-Free Half-Sandwich Scandium Complex. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200441w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory and Advanced Catalyst Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory and Advanced Catalyst Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koshino
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory and Advanced Catalyst Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory and Advanced Catalyst Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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15
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Ichikawa Y, Nishimura T, Hayashi T. Rhodium/Chiral Diene-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclopolymerization of Achiral 1,8-Diynes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200088q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Ichikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tamio Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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16
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Shi XC, Wang YX, Liu JY, Cui DM, Men YF, Li YS. Stereospecific Cyclopolymerization of α,ω-Diolefins by Pyridylamidohafnium Catalyst with the Highest Activity. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1023268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-cui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yong-xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jing-yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dong-mei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yong-feng Men
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yue-sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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17
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Park S, Okada T, Takeuchi D, Osakada K. Cyclopolymerization and Copolymerization of Functionalized 1,6-Heptadienes Catalyzed by Pd Complexes: Mechanism and Application to Physical-Gel Formation. Chemistry 2010; 16:8662-78. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Burda E, Bauer W, Hummel W, Gröger H. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of C2-Symmetric Biaryl-Containing Diols. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Edson JB, Coates GW. Cyclopolymerization of Nonconjugated Dienes with a Tridentate Phenoxyamine Hafnium Complex Supported by an sp3-C Donor: Isotactic Enchainment and Diastereoselective cis-Ring Closure. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1900-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Itagaki K, Nomura K. Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Polyolefin by Incorporation of 4-Vinylcyclohexene in Ethylene Copolymerization Using Half-Titanocene Catalysts. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900732k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Itagaki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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21
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Takeuchi D, Osakada K. New polymerization of dienes and related monomers catalyzed by late transition metal complexes. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Pragliola S, Costabile C, Napoli M, Guerra G, Longo P. rac-[CH2(3-tert-butyl-1-indenyl)2]ZrCl2/MAO in the Copolymerization of Olefins and Dienes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200650217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Napoli M, Costabile C, Cavallo G, Longo P. Cyclocopolymerization of 1,4-pentadiene with ethene in the presence of group-4 metallocenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Napoli M, Costabile C, Pragliola S, Longo P. Closing Cycles with C2-Symmetric Ziegler−Natta Polymerization Catalysts. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050151s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Napoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' di Salerno,Via Salvador Allende, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' di Salerno,Via Salvador Allende, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefania Pragliola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' di Salerno,Via Salvador Allende, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' di Salerno,Via Salvador Allende, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
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25
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Coordination Polymerization of Dienes, Allenes, and Methylenecycloalkanes. POLYMER SYNTHESIS 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/b13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Longo P, Napoli M, Pragliola S, Costabile C, Milano G, Guerra G. Butadiene Insertion and Constitutional Units in Ethene Copolymerizations by C2-Symmetric Metallocenes. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034830j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Longo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Napoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Stefania Pragliola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Milano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
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27
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Hustad PD, Tian J, Coates GW. Mechanism of propylene insertion using bis(phenoxyimine)-based titanium catalysts: an unusual secondary insertion of propylene in a group IV catalyst system. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:3614-21. [PMID: 11929251 DOI: 10.1021/ja0122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly regioselective secondary enchainment of propylene in a group IV catalyst system is reported. End-group analysis of polypropylene formed using the phenoxyimine-based titanium catalysts revealed a reversal in the regioselectivity of insertion for this class of catalysts. To the best of our knowledge, bis(phenoxyimine)-based titanium complexes are the only known group IV catalysts that insert propylene with exclusive 2,1-regiochemistry. Insertion of propylene into the initiating titanium hydride occurs with high 1,2-regiochemistry. Subsequent insertions into primary titanium alkyls are regiorandom, while insertions into secondary titanium alkyls proceed with high 2,1-regioselectivity. Cyclopolymerization and ethylene/propylene copolymerization strategies are employed to support this proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip D Hustad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, USA
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28
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Kim I, Shin YS, Lee JK, Cho NJ, Lee JO, Won MS. Copolymerization of ethylene and 1,5-hexadiene by stereospecific metallocenes in the presence of Al(iBu)3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Imanishi Y, Naga N. Recent developments in olefin polymerizations with transition metal catalysts. Prog Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Kim I, Shin YS, Lee JK. Copolymerization of propylene and 1,5-hexadiene with stereospecific metallocene/Al(i-Bu)3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(20000501)38:9<1590::aid-pola23>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Coates GW. Precise control of polyolefin stereochemistry using single-site metal catalysts. Chem Rev 2000; 100:1223-52. [PMID: 11749265 DOI: 10.1021/cr990286u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 968] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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32
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Naga N, Shiono T, Ikeda T. Copolymerization of Propene and Nonconjugated Diene Involving Intramolecular Cyclization with Metallocene/Methylaluminoxane. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9814144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Naga
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiono
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomiki Ikeda
- Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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34
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Diamond GM, Jordan RF, Petersen JL. Efficient Synthesis of Chiral ansa-Metallocenes by Amine Elimination. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of rac-(EBI)Zr(NMe2)2. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9604830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary M. Diamond
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
| | - Richard F. Jordan
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
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De BB, Sivaram S, Dhal PK. An Unequivocal Approach to Ascertain Asymmetric Induction in the Polymer Main Chain during Enantioselective Copolymerization of 1,2-Disubstituted Olefins. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma950963w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binod B. De
- Division of Polymer Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Swaminathan Sivaram
- Division of Polymer Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Pradeep K. Dhal
- Division of Polymer Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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Jeremic D, Wang Q, Quyoum R, Baird MC. Polymerization of norbornene and 1,5-hexadiene by [Cp∗TiMe2][MeB(C6F5)3]. J Organomet Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(95)00111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Brintzinger HH, Fischer D, Mülhaupt R, Rieger B, Waymouth R. Stereospezifische Olefinpolymerisation mit chiralen Metallocenkatalysatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951071104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gupta VK, Satish S, Bhardwaj IS. Metallocene Complexes of Group 4 Elements in the Polymerization of Monoolefins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/15321799408014164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Steinhäusler T, Stelzer F. Optically active polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization: 2. Polymerization of enantiomerically pure ( ± )-endo-2-norbornenyl acetate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(93)e0303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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