1
|
Genzink MJ, Kidd JB, Swords WB, Yoon TP. Chiral Photocatalyst Structures in Asymmetric Photochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1654-1716. [PMID: 34606251 PMCID: PMC8792375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis is a major theme of research in contemporary synthetic organic chemistry. The discovery of general strategies for highly enantioselective photochemical reactions, however, has been a relatively recent development, and the variety of photoreactions that can be conducted in a stereocontrolled manner is consequently somewhat limited. Asymmetric photocatalysis is complicated by the short lifetimes and high reactivities characteristic of photogenerated reactive intermediates; the design of catalyst architectures that can provide effective enantiodifferentiating environments for these intermediates while minimizing the participation of uncontrolled racemic background processes has proven to be a key challenge for progress in this field. This review provides a summary of the chiral catalyst structures that have been studied for solution-phase asymmetric photochemistry, including chiral organic sensitizers, inorganic chromophores, and soluble macromolecules. While some of these photocatalysts are derived from privileged catalyst structures that are effective for both ground-state and photochemical transformations, others are structural designs unique to photocatalysis and offer insight into the logic required for highly effective stereocontrolled photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Genzink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jesse B Kidd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sato H, Hiroe Y, Tamura K, Yamagishi A. Orientation tuning of a polypyridyl Ru(II) complex immobilized on a clay surface toward chiral discrimination. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:18935-41. [PMID: 16853438 DOI: 10.1021/jp053541p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports an attempt to elucidate a stereoselective energy-transfer system by immobilizing a chiral metal complex on a clay surface. The metal complex used was [Ru(bpy)2L(i)]2+ with L1 = bpy (2,2'-bipyridine), L2 = 4,4'-diundecyl-2,2'-bipyridine, and L3 = 5,5'-diundecyl-2,2'-bipyridine. The adsorption structure of [Ru(bpy)2L(i)]2+ was studied by means of electric dichroism measurements on an aqueous dispersion of a colloidal clay. It was found that the molecular orientation of the adsorbed Ru(II) complex was affected remarkably by the positions of the alkyl chains on the bpy ligand; that is, the angle of the 3-fold or pseudo-3-fold symmetry axis of the Ru(II) complex with respect to the surface normal was obtained to be 24 degrees, 30 degrees, and 52 degrees for i = 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The efficiency of the energy-transfer was determined by photoluminescence quenching measurements between the adsorbed Ru(II) complex and [Ru(acac)3] (acac = acetylacetonate) in solution. As a result, stereoselectivity appeared most for the case of [Ru(bpy)2L3]2+ in which its two helically twisted bpy ligands were projected in an outward direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Sato
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hesek D, Inoue Y, Everitt SR, Ishida H, Kunieda M, Drew MG. Diastereoselective preparation and characterization of ruthenium bis(bipyridine) sulfoxide complexes. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:317-24. [PMID: 11272541 DOI: 10.1021/ic991059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new concept in the synthesis of optically active octahedral ruthenium complexes was realized for the first time when cis- or trans-Ru(bpy)2Cl, (cis- or trans-1) was reacted with either (R)-(+)- or (S)-(-)-methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide (2 or 3); this novel asymmetric synthesis leads to the diastereoselective formation of the ruthenium bis(bipyridine) complex cis-delta-[Ru(bpy)2(2)Cl]Cl (4) (49.6% de) or cis-lambda-[Ru(bpy)2(3)Cl]Cl (5) (48.4% de), respectively. cis- or trans-Ru(dmbpy)2Cl2 (cis- or trans-6) (dmbpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) also reacts with 2 or 3, leading to the diastereoselective formation of cis-delta-[Ru(dmbpy)2(2)Cl]Cl (7) (59.5% de) or cis-lambda-[Ru(dmbpy)2(3)Cl]Cl (8) (57.2% de), respectively. The diastereoselectivity of these reactions is governed solely by the chirality of the sulfoxide nucleophile. This represents the first process by which a sigma-bonded ligand occupying only a single coordination site has had such an important influence on the stereochemical outcome of a ruthenium bis(bipyridine) complex formation. These novel complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis and IR, UV/vis, and 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. An investigation into the chiroptical properties of these novel ruthenium bis(bipyridine) sulfoxide complexes has been carried out, and circular dichroism spectra are used to assign absolute stereochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hesek
- Inoue Photochirogenesis Project, ERATO, JST, Toyonaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamada T, Brunschwig BS, Eifuku K, Fujita E, Körner M, Sakaki S, van Eldik R, Wishart JF. Enantioselectivities in Electron-Transfer and Excited State Quenching Reactions of a Chiral Ruthenium Complex Possessing a Helical Structure. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991116o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Hamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bruce S. Brunschwig
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kenji Eifuku
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Etsuko Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Körner
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - James F. Wishart
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan, Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|