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Temperature and feeding induce tissue level changes in autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrient allocation in the coral symbiosis - A NanoSIMS study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12710. [PMID: 30140050 PMCID: PMC6107511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Corals access inorganic seawater nutrients through their autotrophic endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, but also capture planktonic prey through heterotrophic feeding. Correlating NanoSIMS and TEM imaging, we visualized and quantified the subcellular fate of autotrophic and heterotrophic C and N in the coral Stylophora pistillata using stable isotopes. Six scenarios were compared after 6 h: autotrophic pulse (13C-bicarbonate, 15N-nitrate) in either unfed or regularly fed corals, and heterotrophic pulse (13C-, 15N-labelled brine shrimps) in regularly fed corals; each at ambient and elevated temperature. Host assimilation of photosynthates was similar under fed and unfed conditions, but symbionts assimilated 10% more C in fed corals. Photoautotrophic C was primarily channelled into host lipid bodies, whereas heterotrophic C and N were generally co-allocated to the tissue. Food-derived label was detected in some subcellular structures associated with the remobilisation of host lipid stores. While heterotrophic input generally exceeded autotrophic input, it was more negatively affected by elevated temperature. The reduced input from both modes of nutrition at elevated temperature was accompanied by a shift in the partitioning of C and N, benefiting epidermis and symbionts. This study provides a unique view into the nutrient partitioning in corals and highlights the tight connection of nutrient fluxes in symbiotic partners.
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den Haan J, Huisman J, Brocke HJ, Goehlich H, Latijnhouwers KRW, van Heeringen S, Honcoop SAS, Bleyenberg TE, Schouten S, Cerli C, Hoitinga L, Vermeij MJA, Visser PM. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake rates of different species from a coral reef community after a nutrient pulse. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28821. [PMID: 27353576 PMCID: PMC4926277 DOI: 10.1038/srep28821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial runoff after heavy rainfall can increase nutrient concentrations in waters overlying coral reefs that otherwise experience low nutrient levels. Field measurements during a runoff event showed a sharp increase in nitrate (75-fold), phosphate (31-fold) and ammonium concentrations (3-fold) in waters overlying a fringing reef at the island of Curaçao (Southern Caribbean). To understand how benthic reef organisms make use of such nutrient pulses, we determined ammonium, nitrate and phosphate uptake rates for one abundant coral species, turf algae, six macroalgal and two benthic cyanobacterial species in a series of laboratory experiments. Nutrient uptake rates differed among benthic functional groups. The filamentous macroalga Cladophora spp., turf algae and the benthic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula had the highest uptake rates per unit biomass, whereas the coral Madracis mirabilis had the lowest. Combining nutrient uptake rates with the standing biomass of each functional group on the reef, we estimated that the ammonium and phosphate delivered during runoff events is mostly taken up by turf algae and the two macroalgae Lobophora variegata and Dictyota pulchella. Our results support the often proposed, but rarely tested, assumption that turf algae and opportunistic macroalgae primarily benefit from episodic inputs of nutrients to coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost den Haan
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah J Brocke
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.,Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstraße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Henry Goehlich
- University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kelly R W Latijnhouwers
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seth van Heeringen
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia A S Honcoop
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja E Bleyenberg
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schouten
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Cerli
- Department of Earth Surface Science, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Hoitinga
- Department of Earth Surface Science, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J A Vermeij
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai z/n, PO Box 2090, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Petra M Visser
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kopp C, Wisztorski M, Revel J, Mehiri M, Dani V, Capron L, Carette D, Fournier I, Massi L, Mouajjah D, Pagnotta S, Priouzeau F, Salzet M, Meibom A, Sabourault C. MALDI-MS and NanoSIMS imaging techniques to study cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbioses. ZOOLOGY 2014; 118:125-31. [PMID: 25447219 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cnidarian-dinoflagellate photosynthetic symbioses are fundamental to biologically diverse and productive coral reef ecosystems. The hallmark of this symbiotic relationship is the ability of dinoflagellate symbionts to supply their cnidarian host with a wide range of nutrients. Many aspects of this association nevertheless remain poorly characterized, including the exact identity of the transferred metabolic compounds, the mechanisms that control their exchange across the host-symbiont interface, and the precise subcellular fate of the translocated materials in cnidarian tissues. This lack of knowledge is mainly attributed to difficulties in investigating such metabolic interactions both in situ, i.e. on intact symbiotic associations, and at high spatial resolution. To address these issues, we illustrate the application of two in situ and high spatial resolution molecular and ion imaging techniques-matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and the nano-scale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) ion microprobe. These imaging techniques provide important new opportunities for the detailed investigation of many aspects of cnidarian-dinoflagellate associations, including the dynamics of cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kopp
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - M Wisztorski
- PRISM, University of Lille 1, EA 4550 - FRE3637 CNRS, Bat SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - J Revel
- UMR7138 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France; UMR7138 Sorbonne University Paris 6, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Mehiri
- UMR7272 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - V Dani
- UMR7138 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France; UMR7138 Sorbonne University Paris 6, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L Capron
- UMR7272 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - D Carette
- CCMA, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - I Fournier
- PRISM, University of Lille 1, EA 4550 - FRE3637 CNRS, Bat SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - L Massi
- UMR7272 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - D Mouajjah
- PRISM, University of Lille 1, EA 4550 - FRE3637 CNRS, Bat SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - S Pagnotta
- CCMA, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - F Priouzeau
- UMR7138 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France; UMR7138 Sorbonne University Paris 6, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Salzet
- PRISM, University of Lille 1, EA 4550 - FRE3637 CNRS, Bat SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - A Meibom
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Advanced Surface Analysis, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Sabourault
- UMR7138 University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Faculty of Science, 28 Avenue Valrose, BP 71, F-06108 Nice Cedex 2, France; UMR7138 Sorbonne University Paris 6, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
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Pernice M, Dunn SR, Tonk L, Dove S, Domart-Coulon I, Hoppe P, Schintlmeister A, Wagner M, Meibom A. A nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry study of dinoflagellate functional diversity in reef-building corals. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:3570-80. [PMID: 24902979 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional interactions between corals and symbiotic dinoflagellate algae lie at the heart of the structural foundation of coral reefs. Whilst the genetic diversity of Symbiodinium has attracted particular interest because of its contribution to the sensitivity of corals to environmental changes and bleaching (i.e. disruption of coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis), very little is known about the in hospite metabolic capabilities of different Symbiodinium types. Using a combination of stable isotopic labelling and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), we investigated the ability of the intact symbiosis between the reef-building coral Isopora palifera, and Symbiodinium C or D types, to assimilate dissolved inorganic carbon (via photosynthesis) and nitrogen (as ammonium). Our results indicate that Symbiodinium types from two clades naturally associated with I. palifera possess different metabolic capabilities. The Symbiodinium C type fixed and passed significantly more carbon and nitrogen to its coral host than the D type. This study provides further insights into the metabolic plasticity among different Symbiodinium types in hospite and strengthens the evidence that the more temperature-tolerant Symbiodinium D type may be less metabolically beneficial for its coral host under non-stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pernice
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon R Dunn
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Linda Tonk
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sophie Dove
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Isabelle Domart-Coulon
- UMR7245, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Peter Hoppe
- Particle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arno Schintlmeister
- Large-Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Large-Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anders Meibom
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Advanced Surface Analysis, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Highly dynamic cellular-level response of symbiotic coral to a sudden increase in environmental nitrogen. mBio 2013; 4:e00052-13. [PMID: 23674611 PMCID: PMC3656441 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00052-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic interactions with endosymbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium spp. are fundamental to reef-building corals (Scleractinia) thriving in nutrient-poor tropical seas. Yet, detailed understanding at the single-cell level of nutrient assimilation, translocation, and utilization within this fundamental symbiosis is lacking. Using pulse-chase 15N labeling and quantitative ion microprobe isotopic imaging (NanoSIMS; nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectrometry), we visualized these dynamic processes in tissues of the symbiotic coral Pocillopora damicornis at the subcellular level. Assimilation of ammonium, nitrate, and aspartic acid resulted in rapid incorporation of nitrogen into uric acid crystals (after ~45 min), forming temporary N storage sites within the dinoflagellate endosymbionts. Subsequent intracellular remobilization of this metabolite was accompanied by translocation of nitrogenous compounds to the coral host, starting at ~6 h. Within the coral tissue, nitrogen is utilized in specific cellular compartments in all four epithelia, including mucus chambers, Golgi bodies, and vesicles in calicoblastic cells. Our study shows how nitrogen-limited symbiotic corals take advantage of sudden changes in nitrogen availability; this opens new perspectives for functional studies of nutrient storage and remobilization in microbial symbioses in changing reef environments. The methodology applied, combining transmission electron microscopy with nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging of coral tissue labeled with stable isotope tracers, allows quantification and submicrometric localization of metabolic fluxes in an intact symbiosis. This study opens the way for investigations of physiological adaptations of symbiotic systems to nutrient availability and for increasing knowledge of global nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycling.
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Abstract
The symbiosis between cnidarians (e.g., corals or sea anemones) and intracellular dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium is of immense ecological importance. In particular, this symbiosis promotes the growth and survival of reef corals in nutrient-poor tropical waters; indeed, coral reefs could not exist without this symbiosis. However, our fundamental understanding of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis and of its links to coral calcification remains poor. Here we review what we currently know about the cell biology of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. In doing so, we aim to refocus attention on fundamental cellular aspects that have been somewhat neglected since the early to mid-1980s, when a more ecological approach began to dominate. We review the four major processes that we believe underlie the various phases of establishment and persistence in the cnidarian/coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis: (i) recognition and phagocytosis, (ii) regulation of host-symbiont biomass, (iii) metabolic exchange and nutrient trafficking, and (iv) calcification. Where appropriate, we draw upon examples from a range of cnidarian-alga symbioses, including the symbiosis between green Hydra and its intracellular chlorophyte symbiont, which has considerable potential to inform our understanding of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Ultimately, we provide a comprehensive overview of the history of the field, its current status, and where it should be going in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Abstract
The physiological data support host involvement in net ammonium uptake by intact symbioses. The evidence for nitrate assimilation by intact symbioses is equivocal. The depletion-diffusion model can account for net ammonium uptake by intact symbioses, but is inadequate to account for phosphate or nitrate uptake by symbioses. There is no evidence for nitrogen limitation as the means by which the host regulates algal growth in symbiosis; phosphorus limitation appears to be more likely.
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