Regulation of carbon flow through the glyoxylate and tricarboxylic acid cycles in the mitochondria of Turbatrix aceti—I. Coarse and fine controls

Characterisation and structural analysis of glyoxylate cycle enzymes of Teladorsagia circumcincta

A 1332 bp full length cDNA encoding Teladorsagia circumcincta isocitrate lyase (TciICL) and a 1575 bp full length cDNA encoding T. circumcincta malate synthase (TciMS) were cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant proteins purified. The predicted TciICL protein of 444 amino acids was present as a single band of about 52 kDa on SDS-PAGE and the recombinant TciMS of 525 amino acids formed a single band about 62 kDa. Multiple alignments of the combined bifunctional TciICL-MS protein sequence with homologues from other nematodes showed that the greatest similarity (89-92 %) to the homologues of Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei and 71-87 % similarity to the other nematode sequences. The 3-dimensional structures, binding and catalytic sites were determined for TciICL and TciMS and shown to be highly conserved. Substrate and metal ion binding sites were identified and were completely conserved in other homologues. TciICL was confirmed as a functional enzyme. At 30 °C, the optimum pH was pH 7.5, the V_max was 275 ± 23 nmoles.min^-1. mg^-1 protein and the apparent K_m for the substrate isocitrate was 0.7 ± 0.01μM (mean ± SEM, n = 3). Addition of 10 mM metal ions (except Mg²⁺) or 1 mM inhibitors reduced the recombinant TciICL activity by 60-90 %. Antibodies in both serum and saliva from field-immune, but not nematode-naïve, sheep recognised recombinant TciICL in ELISA, supporting similar antigenicity to that of the native enzyme.