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Lin S, Zhang L, Wang G, Huang S, Wang Y. Searching and identifying pigmentation genes from Neocaridina denticulate sinensis via comparison of transcriptome in different color strains. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 42:100977. [PMID: 35247793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aquaria species are characterized by their amazing colors and patterns. Research on the breeding molecular genetics of ornamental shrimps is surprisingly limited. We conducted a transcriptome analysis to investigate the expression of encoding genes in the integument of the strains Neocaridina denticulate sinensis. After assembled and filtered, 19,992 unigenes were annotated by aligning with public functional databases (NR, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG). 14,915 unigenes with significantly different expressions were found by comparing three strains integument transcriptomes. Ribosomal protein genes, ABC transporter families, calmodulin, carotenoid proteins and crustacyanin may play roles in the cytological process of pigment migration and chromatophore maintenance. Numerous color genes associated with multiple pathways including melanin, ommochrome and pteridines pathways were identified. The expression patterns of 25 candidate genes were analysis by qPCR in red, yellow, transparent and glass strains. The qPCR results in red, yellow and transparent were consistent with the level of RPKM values in the transcriptomes. The above results will advance our knowledge of integument color varieties in N. denticulate sinensis and help the genetic selection of crustaceans with consumer-favored colors. Furthermore, it also provides some candidate pigmentation genes to investigate the correlation between coloration and sympatric speciation in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shiyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Dahl HA, Johansen A, Nilsson GE, Lefevre S. The Metabolomic Response of Crucian Carp ( Carassius carassius) to Anoxia and Reoxygenation Differs between Tissues and Hints at Uncharacterized Survival Strategies. Metabolites 2021; 11:435. [PMID: 34357329 PMCID: PMC8304758 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The anoxia-tolerant crucian carp (Carassius carassius) has been studied in detail for numerous years, with particular focus on unravelling the underlying physiological mechanisms of anoxia tolerance. However, relatively little work has been focused on what occurs beyond anoxia, and often the focus is a single organ or tissue type. In this study, we quantified more than 100 metabolites by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) in brain, heart, liver, and blood plasma from four experimental groups, being normoxic (control) fish, anoxia-exposed fish, and two groups that had been exposed to anoxia followed by reoxygenation for either 3 h or 24 h. The heart, which maintains cardiac output during anoxia, unexpectedly, was slower to recover compared to the brain and liver, mainly due to a slower return to control concentrations of the energy-carrying compounds ATP, GTP, and phosphocreatine. Crucian carp accumulated amino acids in most tissues, and also surprisingly high levels of succinate in all tissues investigated during anoxia. Purine catabolism was enhanced, leading to accumulation of uric acid during anoxia and increasing urea formation that continued into 24 h of reoxygenation. These tissue-specific differences in accumulation and distribution of the metabolites may indicate an intricate system of transport between tissues, opening for new avenues of investigation of possible mechanisms aimed at reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resultant tissue damage during reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sjannie Lefevre
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (H.-A.D.); (A.J.); (G.E.N.)
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Abstract
The genus Vibrio includes serious human pathogens, and mollusks are a significant reservoir for species such as V. vulnificus. Vibrio species encode PecS, a member of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of transcription factors; pecS is divergently oriented to pecM, which encodes an efflux pump. We report here that Vibrio species feature frequent duplications of pecS-pecM genes, suggesting evolutionary pressures to respond to distinct environmental situations. The single V. vulnificus PecS binds two sites within the pecS-pecM intergenic region with Kd = 0.3 ± 0.1 nM, a binding that is attenuated by the ligands xanthine and urate, except when promoter DNA is saturated with PecS. A unique target is found in the intergenic region between genes encoding the nitric oxide sensing transcription factor, NsrR, and nod; the nod-encoded nitric oxide dioxygenase is important for preventing nitric oxide stress. Reporter gene assays show that PecS-mediated repression of gene expression can be relieved in presence of ligand. Since xanthine and urate are produced as part of the oxidative burst during host defenses and under molluscan hypoxia, we propose that these intermediates in the host purine degradation pathway function to promote bacterial survival during hypoxia and oxidative stress.
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Davies CE, Vogan CL, Rowley AF. Effect of the copepod parasite Nicothoë astaci on haemolymph chemistry of the European lobster Homarus gammarus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 113:169-175. [PMID: 25751860 DOI: 10.3354/dao02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The gills of the European lobster Homarus gammarus (L.) are susceptible to parasitization by the copepod Nicothoë astaci, the lobster louse. This copepod feeds on haemolymph of the host and can damage the gills, potentially affecting gaseous exchange capabilities. To investigate the host response to the parasite, haemolymph levels of total protein, haemocyanin, glucose and ammonia were quantified in adult lobsters carrying varying parasite loads. Parasite loads correlated positively with total haemolymph protein and haemocyanin concentrations but not with glucose or ammonia concentrations. The data suggest that lobsters with gills damaged by the feeding activities of N. astaci respond by producing higher levels of haemocyanin, which is both a key defence response and may compensate for their decreased respiratory functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Davies
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, and College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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Olianas A, Sanna MT, Messana I, Castagnola M, Masia D, Manconi B, Cau A, Giardina B, Pellegrini M. The Hemocyanin of the Shamefaced Crab Calappa granulata: Structural-Functional Characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 139:957-66. [PMID: 16788046 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvj110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod hemocyanins (Hcs) transport and store oxygen and are composed of six subunits, or multiples thereof depending on the species. Calappa granulata Hc is found as a mixture of dodecamers (95%) and hexamers (5%). Removal of calcium ions and alkaline pH induce an incomplete partially reversible dissociation of dodecameric Hc. Two-dimensional electrophoretic pattern of dissociated Hc indicated a large heterogeneity in Hc subunit: most differences are likely to be explained by post-translational modifications. Dodecameric Hc showed a large Bohr effect (Deltalog P50/DeltapH = -0.95) and a normal cooperativity (h50 values = 2.7 +/- 0.2) in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2. The hexameric molecule displayed lower Bohr effect and cooperativity than the dodecamer. Lactate effect on the oxygen affinity (Deltalog P50 = 0.55) and the increase of lactate concentrations in animals kept in emersion were related to the increased oxygen requirements that occur during hypoxia in vivo. Calcium affects oxygen affinity only at high concentrations: this Hc appeared to lack the calcium high-affinity binding sites found in other species. The effect of temperature on both oxygen affinity and cooperativity was measured in the absence and presence of 10 mM lactate, allowing calculation of the exothermic contribution of lactate binding (DeltaH = -25 kJ mol(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate ai Biosistemi, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Cheng SY, Lee WC, Chen JC. Increase of uricogenesis in the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus reared under hyper-osmotic conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 138:245-53. [PMID: 15253873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2003] [Revised: 03/26/2004] [Accepted: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissues of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate (5.7+/-1.1 g) reared in salinities of 18, 26, 34 and 42 were examined for levels of nucleotide-related compounds, ammonia, urea and uric acid, and activities of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and uricase. Levels of total nucleotide-related compounds, including xanthine and hypoxanthine, in gill increased directly with salinity, whereas these same levels in hepatopancreas were inversely related with salinity. Hemolymph ammonia, urea and uric acid levels, and epidermal ammonia, urea and uric acid levels increased directly with salinity, whereas hepatopancreas ammonia and uric acid and gill uric acid levels were inversely related to salinity. Activities of XDH and XOD in hepatopancreas increased directly with salinity level, whereas no significant difference of uricase activity in hepatopancreas was observed among the four salinities. It is concluded M. japonicus exhibited uricogenesis and uricolysis, and an increase of uricogenesis occurred for the shrimp under hyper-osmotic conditions (salinity of 42). Uric acid produced in the hepatopancreas was transported and accumulated in the epidermis, and removed along with the spongy connective tissue at the time of molting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Yen Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life and Resource Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC
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Sanna MT, Olianas A, Castagnola M, Sollai L, Manconi B, Salvadori S, Giardina B, Pellegrini M. Oxygen-binding modulation of hemocyanin from the slipper lobster Scyllarides latus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 139:261-8. [PMID: 15465673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2004] [Revised: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 08/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen-binding properties of hexameric hemocyanin (Hc) from Scyllarides latus were investigated with respect to pH, temperature, and modulating effect exerted by calcium, lactate, and urate. The oxygen affinity decreased at higher temperature, was slightly affected by pH, and was insensitive to lactate. Nevertheless, urate markedly increased Hc-oxygen affinity and its temperature sensitivity, acting as the physiological major positive effector: four urate sites per hexamer with an overall affinity constant of 1 x 10(4) M(-1) were found and the exothermic contribution of their binding was found to be about 30 kJ mol(-1). Calcium ions largely influenced oxygen affinity: their effect, which has an opposite sign at low (0-1 mM) and high (0.1-1 M) concentration ranges, indicates the presence of two independent types of binding sites with high and low affinity, respectively; however, only the former ones seem to be operative in vivo because, at physiological calcium concentrations, they are already saturated and the oxygen affinity is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Sanna
- Department of Sciences Applied to Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato I-09042, CA, Italy
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Hellmann N, Jaenicke E, Decker H. Two types of urate binding sites on hemocyanin from the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus: an ITC study. Biophys Chem 2001; 90:279-99. [PMID: 11407645 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(01)00150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen binding behaviour of hemocyanins from Crustacea is regulated by small organic compounds such as urate and L-lactate. We investigated the binding characteristics of urate and the related compound caffeine to the 2 x 6-meric hemocyanin of A. leptodactylus under fully oxygenated conditions employing isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). An analysis of urate and caffeine binding based on a model of n identical binding sites resulted in approximately four binding sites for caffeine and eight for urate. This result suggests that the binding process for these effectors is more complex than this most simple model. Therefore, we introduced a number of alternative models. Displacement experiments helped to select the appropriate model. Based on these experiments, at least two different types of binding sites for urate and caffeine exist on the 2 x 6-meric hemocyanin of A. leptodactylus. The two binding sites differ strongly in their specificity towards the two analogues. It can be hypothesized that two different subunit types (beta and gamma) are responsible for the two types of binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hellmann
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, J Mainz, Germany.
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Regnault M. Effect of a severe hypoxia on some aspects of nitrogen metabolism in the crabcancer pagurus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10236249309378841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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