Fernando IPS, Sanjeewa KKA, Kim HS, Kim SY, Lee SH, Lee WW, Jeon YJ. Identification of sterols from the soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea and their anti-inflammatory potential.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017;
55:37-43. [PMID:
28818741 DOI:
10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.003]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals has received tremendous attention worldwide owing to the rapid increase in inflammatory diseases. Current study reveals the identification of eight 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroidal congeners from a nonpolar column fraction of the ethanol solubles from the soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea collected from Jeju Island South Korea, using GC-MS/MS analysis. The sterol-rich fraction (DGEH21) showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity as exhibited by the inhibition of NO production (IC50 4.33±0.50μg/mL) and PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. It also suppressed the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DGEH21 effectively downregulated the expression levels of iNOS, and COX-2 and reduced NO and ROS production as well as cell death in LPS-stimulated in-vivo zebrafish embryo model. However, DGEH21 at relatively high concentrations indicated cytotoxicity in both RAW cells and zebrafish embryos with RAW cell viability being nearly 80% after treatment with 25μg/mL DGEH21. This study highlights the synergistic anti-inflammatory activity of several steroids found in D. gigantea. Their actions may be useful in the development of anti-inflammatory cosmeceuticals, pharmaceutical agents, and other consumer products.
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