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Mokrov GV. Multitargeting in cardioprotection: An example of biaromatic compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300196. [PMID: 37345968 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A multitarget drug design approach is actively developing in modern medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, especially with regard to multifactorial diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. A detailed study of many well-known drugs developed within the single-target approach also often reveals additional mechanisms of their real pharmacological action. One of the multitarget drug design approaches can be the identification of the basic pharmacophore models corresponding to a wide range of the required target ligands. Among such models in the group of cardioprotectors is the linked biaromatic system. This review develops the concept of a "basic pharmacophore" using the biaromatic pharmacophore of cardioprotectors as an example. It presents an analysis of possible biological targets for compounds corresponding to the biaromatic pharmacophore and an analysis of the spectrum of biological targets for the five most known and most studied cardioprotective drugs corresponding to this model, and their involvement in the biological effects of these drugs.
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Popović N, Morales-Delgado N, Vidal Mena D, Alonso A, Pascual Martínez M, Caballero Bleda M, Popović M. Verapamil and Alzheimer's Disease: Past, Present, and Future. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:562. [PMID: 32431612 PMCID: PMC7214748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine class calcium channel blocker that for half a century has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, verapamil is also considered as a drug option for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as cluster headache, bipolar disorders, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review insights into the potential preventive and therapeutic role of verapamil on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) based on limited experimental and clinical data. Pharmacological studies have shown that verapamil has a wide therapeutic spectrum, including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects, regulation of the blood-brain barrier function, due to its effect on P-glycoprotein, as well as adjustment of cellular calcium homeostasis, which may result in the delay of AD onset or ameliorate the symptoms of patients. However, the majority of the AD individuals are on polypharmacotherapy, and the interactions between verapamil and other drugs need to be considered. Therefore, for an appropriate and successful AD treatment, a personalized approach is more than necessary. A well-known narrow pharmacological window of verapamil efficacy may hinder this approach. It is therefore important to note that the verapamil efficacy may be conditioned by different factors. The onset, grade, and brain distribution of AD pathological hallmarks, the time-sequential appearances of AD-related cognitive and behavioral dysfunction, the chronobiologic and gender impact on calcium homeostasis and AD pathogenesis may somehow be influencing that success. In the future, such insights will be crucial for testing the validity of verapamil treatment on animal models of AD and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicanor Morales-Delgado
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan Alacant, Spain
| | - David Vidal Mena
- Neurological Unit, University Hospital "Santa Lucia", Cartagena, Spain
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - María Caballero Bleda
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Giménez De Béjar V, Caballero Bleda M, Popović N, Popović M. Verapamil Blocks Scopolamine Enhancement Effect on Memory Consolidation in Passive Avoidance Task in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:566. [PMID: 28878678 PMCID: PMC5572412 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent data have indicated that scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, improves memory consolidation, in a passive avoidance task, tested in rats. It has been found that verapamil, a phenylalkylamine class of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonist, inhibits [3H] N-methyl scopolamine binding to M1 muscarinic receptors. However, there are no data about the effect of verapamil on memory consolidation in the passive avoidance task, in rats. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of verapamil (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, or 20 mg/kg i.p.) as well as the interaction between scopolamine and verapamil on memory consolidation in the step-through passive avoidance task, in Wistar rats. Our results showed that verapamil (1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg) administered immediately after the acquisition task significantly increased the latency of the passive avoidance response, on the 48 h retested trial, improving memory consolidation. On the other hand, verapamil in a dose of 5 mg/kg, that per se does not affect memory consolidation, significantly reversed the memory consolidation improvement induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p., administered immediately after verapamil treatment) but did not change the passive avoidance response in rats treated by an ineffective dose of scopolamine (30 mg/kg). In conclusion, the present data suggest that (1) the post-training administration of verapamil, dose-dependently, improves the passive avoidance response; (2) verapamil, in ineffective dose, abolished the improvement of memory consolidation effect of scopolamine; and (3) exists interaction between cholinergic muscarinic receptors and calcium homeostasis-related mechanisms in the consolidation of emotional memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Giménez De Béjar
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Quirónsalud MurciaMurcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain
| | - María Caballero Bleda
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MurciaMurcia, Spain
| | - Natalija Popović
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MurciaMurcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MurciaMurcia, Spain
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Genkova-Papazova MG, Petkova B, Shishkova N, Lazarova-Bakarova M. Effect of the calcium channel blockers nifedipine and diltiazem on pentylenetetrazole kindling-provoked amnesia in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2001; 11:91-6. [PMID: 11313152 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-977x(00)00120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research supports the view that memory disturbance is an integral part of epilepsy. Deficit in various behaviour tasks has been found in rats subjected to experimental epilepsy-pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling. In the present study we examined the effect of post-training administered calcium channel blockers nifedipine (10 and 40 mg/kg) and diltiazem (10 and 30 mg/kg) on amnesia induced by PTZ kindling in shuttle-box- and step-down-trained rats. Retention in nifedipine- or diltiazem-treated kindled animals was significantly improved compared to the kindled controls. The mechanisms of action of calcium antagonists studied is considered. Taken together with the data about calcium channel blocker anticonvulsive activity, the results of this study further suggest that nifedipine and diltiazem might be useful in the treatment of cognitive disorders in epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Genkova-Papazova
- Laboratory of CNS Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Genkova-Papazova M, Petkova BP, Lazarova-Bakarova M, Boyanova E, Staneva-Stoytcheva D. Effects of flunarizine and nitrendipine on electroconvulsive shock- and clonidine-induced amnesia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997; 56:583-7. [PMID: 9130281 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the calcium channel blockers flunarizine and nitrendipine for their ability to prevent electroconvulsive shock (ECS)- or clonidine-induced deterioration of the inhibitory avoidance performance (step-down) in rats. Flunarizine (10 mg/kg) and nitrendipine (40 mg/kg) were found to prevent the ECS- or clonidine-provoked amnesia after oral administration for 12 days. The mechanisms of action of the two drugs are considered. The results of this study further suggest that calcium antagonists might be useful in the treatment of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Genkova-Papazova
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of the CNS, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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