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Baj J, Flieger W, Flieger M, Forma A, Sitarz E, Skórzyńska-Dziduszko K, Grochowski C, Maciejewski R, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H. Autism spectrum disorder: Trace elements imbalances and the pathogenesis and severity of autistic symptoms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:117-132. [PMID: 34339708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers as diagnostic tools and predictors of response to treatment of neurological developmental disorders (NDD) such as schizophrenia (SZ), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), still remains an important challenge for clinical medicine. Metallomic profiles of ASD patients cover, besides essential elements such as cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, selenium, also toxic metals burden of: aluminum, arsenic, mercury, lead, beryllium, nickel, cadmium. Performed studies indicate that children with ASD present a reduced ability of eliminating toxic metals, which leads to these metals' accumulation and aggravation of autistic symptoms. Extensive metallomic studies allow a better understanding of the importance of trace elements as environmental factors in the pathogenesis of ASD. Even though a mineral imbalance is a fact in ASD, we are still expecting relevant tests and the elaboration of reference levels of trace elements as potential biomarkers useful in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-400, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Flieger
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sitarz
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skórzyńska-Dziduszko
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska Street 11, Lublin, 20-080, Poland
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
| | - Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland; Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
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Huat TJ, Camats-Perna J, Newcombe EA, Valmas N, Kitazawa M, Medeiros R. Metal Toxicity Links to Alzheimer's Disease and Neuroinflammation. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1843-1868. [PMID: 30664867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the median age of the population increases, the number of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the associated socio-economic burden are predicted to worsen. While aging and inherent genetic predisposition play major roles in the onset of AD, lifestyle, physical fitness, medical condition, and social environment have emerged as relevant disease modifiers. These environmental risk factors can play a key role in accelerating or decelerating disease onset and progression. Among known environmental risk factors, chronic exposure to various metals has become more common among the public as the aggressive pace of anthropogenic activities releases excess amount of metals into the environment. As a result, we are exposed not only to essential metals, such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese, but also to toxic metals including lead, aluminum, and cadmium, which perturb metal homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels. Herein, we review how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity, as well as their roles in the accumulation of toxic AD proteinaceous species (i.e., β-amyloid and tau). We also discuss studies that validate the disruption of immune-related pathways as an important mechanism of toxicity by which metals can contribute to AD. Our goal is to increase the awareness of metals as players in the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tee Jong Huat
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Judith Camats-Perna
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Estella A Newcombe
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas Valmas
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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3
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Ivanovski I, Ivanovski A, Nikolić D, Ivanovski P. Aluminium in brain tissue in autism. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 51:138-140. [PMID: 30466923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanovski
- Clinical Genetics Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - Ana Ivanovski
- Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotića str, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dimitrije Nikolić
- Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotića str, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Petar Ivanovski
- Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotića str, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Al-Amoudi WM. Effect of Grapefruit Juice on Aluminum-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats: Histological, Ultrastructural and Histochemical Assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2017.812034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Khalil SR, Hussein MMA. Neurotransmitters and neuronal apoptotic cell death of chronically aluminum intoxicated Nile catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in response to ascorbic acid supplementation. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51:184-91. [PMID: 26459186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have been carried out to assess the neurotoxic effect of aluminum (Al) on the aquatic creatures. This study aims to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of long term Al exposure on the Nile catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and the potential ameliorative influence of ascorbic acid (ASA) over a 180 days exposure period. Forty eight Nile catfish were divided into four groups: control group, placed in clean water, ASA exposed group (5mg/l), AlCl3 received group (28.96 μg/l; 1/20 LC50), and group received AlCl3 concomitantly with ASA. Brain tissue was examined by using flow cytometry to monitor the apoptotic cell population, HPLC analysis for the quantitative estimation of brain monoamine neurotransmitters [serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE)]. The amino acid neurotransmitters [serum taurine, glycine, aspartate and glutamine and brain gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)] levels were assessed, plus changes in brain tissue structure using light microscopy. The concentration of Al in both brain tissue and serum was determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometery. The Al content in serum and brain tissue were both elevated and Al exposure induced an increase in the number of apoptotic cells, a marked reduction of the monoamine and amino acids neurotransmitters levels and changes in tissue morphology. ASA supplementation partially abolished the effects of AL on the reduced neurotransmitter, the degree of apoptosis and restored the morphological changes to the brain. Overall, our results indicate that, ASA is a promising neuroprotective agent against for Al-induced neurotoxicity in the Nile catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah R Khalil
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M A Hussein
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Shaw CA, Li D, Tomljenovic L. Are there negative CNS impacts of aluminum adjuvants used in vaccines and immunotherapy? Immunotherapy 2014; 6:1055-71. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of a common view that aluminum (Al) salts are inert and therefore harmless as vaccine adjuvants or in immunotherapy, the reality is quite different. In the following article we briefly review the literature on Al neurotoxicity and the use of Al salts as vaccine adjuvants and consider not only direct toxic actions on the nervous system, but also the potential impact for triggering autoimmunity. Autoimmune and inflammatory responses affecting the CNS appear to underlie some forms of neurological disease, including developmental disorders. Al has been demonstrated to impact the CNS at every level, including by changing gene expression. These outcomes should raise concerns about the increasing use of Al salts as vaccine adjuvants and for the application as more general immune stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Shaw
- Neural Dynamics Research Group, 828 W. 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Dan Li
- Neural Dynamics Research Group, 828 W. 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Lucija Tomljenovic
- Neural Dynamics Research Group, 828 W. 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L8, Canada
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Lu H, Hu J, Li J, Pang W, Hu Y, Yang H, Li W, Huang C, Zhang M, Jiang Y. Optimal dose of zinc supplementation for preventing aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2754-62. [PMID: 25206586 PMCID: PMC4145991 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.29.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc supplementation can help maintain learning and memory function in rodents. In this study, we hypothesized that zinc supplementation could antagonize the neurotoxicity induced by aluminum in rats. Animals were fed a diet containing different doses of zinc (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 9 weeks, and orally administered aluminum chloride (300 mg/kg daily) from the third week for 7 consecutive weeks. Open-field behavioral test results showed that the number of rearings in the group given the 100 mg/kg zinc supplement was significantly increased compared with the group given the 50 mg/kg zinc supplement. Malondialdehyde content in the cerebrum was significantly decreased, while dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were increased in the groups given the diet supplemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg zinc, compared with the group given the diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg zinc. The acetylcholinesterase activity in the cerebrum was significantly decreased in the group given the 100 mg/kg zinc supplement. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed evident pathological damage in the hippocampus of rats in the group given the diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg zinc, but the damage was attenuated in the groups given the diet supplemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg zinc. Our findings suggest that zinc is a potential neuroprotective agent against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rats, and the optimal dosages are 100 and 200 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jianyang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China ; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yandan Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China ; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Hongpeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Chengyu Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mingman Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
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Calejo AI, Jorgačevski J, Silva VS, Stenovec M, Kreft M, Gonçalves PP, Zorec R. Aluminium-induced changes of fusion pore properties attenuate prolactin secretion in rat pituitary lactotrophs. Neuroscience 2011; 201:57-66. [PMID: 22123165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hormone secretion is mediated by Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis. The key step of this process consists of the merger of the vesicle and the plasma membranes, leading to the formation of a fusion pore. This is an aqueous channel through which molecules stored in the vesicle lumen exit into the extracellular space on stimulation. Here we studied the effect of sub-lethal dose of aluminium on prolactin secretion in isolated rat pituitary lactotrophs with an enzyme immunoassay and by monitoring electrophysiologically the interaction of a single vesicle with the plasma membrane in real time, by monitoring membrane capacitance. After 24-h exposure to sub-lethal AlCl(3) (30 μM), the secretion of prolactin was reduced by 14±8% and 46±11% under spontaneous and K(+)-stimulated conditions, respectively. The frequency of unitary exocytotic events, recorded by the high-resolution patch-clamp monitoring of membrane capacitance, a parameter linearly related to the membrane area, under spontaneous and stimulated conditions, was decreased in aluminium-treated cells. Moreover, while the fusion pore dwell-time was increased in the presence of aluminium, the fusion pore conductance, a measure of fusion pore diameter, was reduced, both under spontaneous and stimulated conditions. These results suggest that sub-lethal aluminium concentrations reduce prolactin secretion downstream of the stimulus secretion coupling by decreasing the frequency of unitary exocytotic events and by stabilizing the fusion pore diameter to a value smaller than prolactin molecule, thus preventing its discharge into the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Calejo
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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9
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Bhalla P, Garg M, Dhawan D. Protective role of lithium during aluminium-induced neurotoxicity. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:256-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Verstraeten SV, Aimo L, Oteiza PI. Aluminium and lead: molecular mechanisms of brain toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2008; 82:789-802. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-008-0345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Gonçalves PP, Silva VS. Does neurotransmission impairment accompany aluminium neurotoxicity? J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:1291-338. [PMID: 17675244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurobehavioral disorders, except their most overt form, tend to lie beyond the reach of clinicians. Presently, the use of molecular data in the decision-making processes is limited. However, as details of the mechanisms of neurotoxic action of aluminium become clearer, a more complete picture of possible molecular targets of aluminium can be anticipated, which promises better prediction of the neurotoxicological potential of aluminium exposure. In practical terms, a critical analysis of current data on the effects of aluminium on neurotransmission can be of great benefit due to the rapidly expanding knowledge of the neurotoxicological potential of aluminium. This review concludes that impairment of neurotransmission is a strong predictor of outcome in neurobehavioral disorders. Key questions and challenges for future research into aluminium neurotoxicity are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula P Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Oteiza PI, Mackenzie GG, Verstraeten SV. Metals in neurodegeneration: involvement of oxidants and oxidant-sensitive transcription factors. Mol Aspects Med 2004; 25:103-15. [PMID: 15051320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2004.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidant-mediated damage and the triggering of oxidant-sensitive transcription factors could be associated with the neurotoxic actions of aluminum, zinc and lead. Aluminum and lead could induce oxidative stress through their capacity to interact with active oxygen species, increasing their oxidant activity, or by affecting membrane rheology. Aluminum-membrane interactions can also affect signaling cascades. Zinc, at high and low concentrations, increases cell oxidant concentrations, affects AP-1 and NF-kappaB transcription factors and induces neuronal cell death. The capacity of lead to promote oxidative stress, affect cell signals and to induce cell death by apoptosis has been mostly attributed to its effect on different calcium-mediated cellular events. The mentioned mechanisms as well as the contribution of these metals to different neurodegenerative disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Biological Chemistry, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Verstraeten SV, Villaverde MS, Oteiza PI. Al(3+)-mediated changes on membrane fluidity affects the activity of PI-PLC but not of PLC. Chem Phys Lipids 2003; 122:159-63. [PMID: 12598047 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(02)00192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether Al(3+)-mediated changes in membrane fluidity can affect the activity of prokaryotic enzymes phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase C-phosphatidyl inositol specific (PI-PLC) in liposomes of phosphatidyl choline (PC), PC:phosphatidyl inositol (PI), or PC and polyphosphoinositides (PPI). Al(3+) (10-100 microM) promoted membrane rigidification, evaluated with the probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and Laurdan, and followed the order: PC:PPI>PC:PI>PC. Al(3+) (25 and 50 microM) did not affect PLC-mediated hydrolysis of PC, PI and PIP(2), but stimulated PIP hydrolysis (48.6%). PI-PLC did not affect PC, PI, and PIP concentrations, but caused a 67% decrease in PIP(2). Al(3+) significantly inhibited PIP(2) hydrolysis in a concentration-dependent (25-50 microM) manner. Results suggest that the inhibition of PIP(2) hydrolysis by Al(3+) could be partially due to a higher lipid packing induced by Al(3+) which could affect the interaction between the enzyme and its substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra V Verstraeten
- Department of Biological Chemistry, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Verstraeten SV, Oteiza PI. Al(3+)-mediated changes in membrane physical properties participate in the inhibition of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 408:263-71. [PMID: 12464280 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the possible involvement of Al(3+)-induced alterations in membrane physical properties in Al(3+)-mediated inhibition of polyphosphoinositide (PPI) hydrolysis by the enzyme phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Liposomes composed of brain phosphatidylcholine (PC) or of PC and a mixture of brain PPI (PC:PPI) were incubated in the presence of Al(3+) (1-100 microM). We evaluated: (1) the amount of membrane-bound Al(3+), (2) the effects of Al(3+) on key membrane physical properties (surface potential, lipid fluidity, and lipid arrangement), and (3) the hydrolysis of PPI. Al(3+) binding to PC:PPI (60:40 mol/mol) liposomes was 1.3 times higher than to PC:PPI (90:10 mol/mol) liposomes and did not change after treatment with Triton X-100. Al(3+) increased membrane surface potential, promoted the loss of membrane fluidity, and caused lateral phase separation in PC:PPI liposomes. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol monophosphate hydrolysis in the presence of PI-PLC was not affected by Al(3+), but a significant and concentration-dependent inhibition of PIP(2) hydrolysis was observed, an effect that was prevented by previous bilayer disruption with Triton X-100. The obtained results support the hypothesis that Al(3+) binding to liposomes promotes the formation of rigid clusters enriched in PPI, restricting the accessibility of the enzyme to the substrate and subsequently inhibiting PIP(2) hydrolysis by PI-PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra V Verstraeten
- Department of Biological Chemistry, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Aluminum: Interaction with Nucleotides and Nucleotidases and Analytical Aspects of Its Determination. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45425-x_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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16
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Silva VS, Cordeiro JM, Matos MJ, Oliveira CR, Gonçalves PP. Aluminum accumulation and membrane fluidity alteration in synaptosomes isolated from rat brain cortex following aluminum ingestion: effect of cholesterol. Neurosci Res 2002; 44:181-93. [PMID: 12354633 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we studied the effect of cholesterol/phospholipid (CH/PL) molar ratio on aluminum accumulation and aluminum-induced alteration of membrane fluidity in rat brain cortex synaptosomes. We observed that sub-acute (daily supply of 1.00 g of AlCl(3) during 10 days) and chronic (daily supply of 0.03 g of AlCl(3) during 4 months) exposure to dietary aluminum leads to a synaptosomal aluminum enrichment of 45 and 59%, respectively. During chronic exposure to AlCl(3), the enhancement of aluminum content was prevented by administration of colestipol (0.31 g/day), which decreased the synaptosomal membrane CH/PL molar ratio (nmol/nmol) from 1.2 to 0.4. Fluorescence anisotropy analysis, using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 1-(4-(trimethylamino)phenyl)-6-phenylhexa-1,3,5-triene (TMA-DPH), showed that after treatment with colestipol a decrease in membrane order occurs at the level of hydrophilic lipid-water surface and deeper hydrophobic region of the synaptosomal membrane. When the rats were exposed to aluminum, it was observed a significant enhancement of membrane fluidity, which was more pronounced at the level of the membrane hydrophilic regions. Meanwhile, when chronic exposure to dietary AlCl(3) was accompanied by treatment with colestipol, the aluminum-induced decrease in membrane order was negligible when compared to TMA-DPH and DPH anisotropy values measured upon colestipol treatment. In contrast, in vitro incubation of synaptosomes (isolated from control rats) with AlCl(3) induced a concentration-dependent rigidification of this more hydrophilic membrane region. The opposite action of aluminum on synaptosomal membrane fluidity, during in vivo and in vitro experiments, appears to be explained by alteration of synaptosomal CH/PL molar ratio, since a significant reduction (approximately 80%) of this parameter occurs during in vivo exposure to aluminum. In conclusion, during in vivo exposure to aluminum, fluidification of hydrophilic regions and reduction of CH/PL molar ratio of presynaptic membranes accompany the accumulation of this cation, which appear to restrict aluminum retention in brain cortex nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgília S Silva
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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Wang M, Chen JT, Ruan DY, Xu YZ. The influence of developmental period of aluminum exposure on synaptic plasticity in the adult rat dentate gyrus in vivo. Neuroscience 2002; 113:411-9. [PMID: 12127098 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our group have demonstrated that chronic aluminum exposure from parturition throughout life impairs both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope and reduces the population spike (PS) amplitude in the rat dentate gyrus in vivo. The present study sought to extend these findings by evaluating the developmental periods critical for aluminum-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity. Rats were exposed to aluminum (gestational, lactational and postlactational) through drinking 0.3% aluminum chloride in water over different developmental intervals: (1) prenatal exposure; (2) beginning from birth and terminating at weaning; (3) beginning at weaning throughout life; (4) beginning at birth and continuing throughout life. As adults (postnatal day 80-100), field potentials were measured in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in response to stimulation applied to the lateral perforant path. The results showed: (1) Prenatal aluminum exposure had no effect on the magnitude of LTP as measured by the EPSP slope and LTD as measured for the PS amplitude, while it had a small effect on the magnitude of LTP as measured for the PS amplitude and LTD as measured by the EPSP slope. (2) Lactational, postlactational and throughout life exposure to aluminum impaired both LTP and LTD of the EPSP slope and PS amplitude, except that LTD of PS amplitude was not significantly changed in animals postlactationally exposed. (3) Aluminum exposure from parturition throughout life caused the greatest impairment of the range of synaptic plasticity, while prenatal aluminum exposure caused the least. From these results we conclude that the lactational period was the most susceptible to aluminum-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity and that chronic aluminum exposure from parturition throughout life is extremely disruptive to synaptic plasticity and should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wang
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
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18
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Golub MS, Zhang W, Keen CL, Goldkorn T. Cellular actions of Al at low (1.25 microM) concentrations in primary oligodendrocyte culture. Brain Res 2002; 941:82-90. [PMID: 12031550 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
At a physiologically relevant concentration (1.25 microM), aluminum had an activating effect on oligodendrocyte cell cultures, similar to that previously reported for other cell types. G protein-linked signal transduction was stimulated as indicated by enhanced production of IP3, and protein synthesis was increased. At this concentration Al did not promote cell damage but did enhance oxidative effects initiated by reactive oxygen species. Both AlCl(3) and Al transferrin (AlTf) had similar actions at equimolar concentrations. In vivo, physiological Al ion may act by common cellular pathways in diverse cell types. These effects may be relevant to Al toxicological, pharmacological (immunoadjuvant), and physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari S Golub
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Wang M, Ruan DY, Chen JT, Xu YZ. Lack of effects of vitamin E on aluminium-induced deficit of synaptic plasticity in rat dentate gyrus in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:471-8. [PMID: 11893406 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(01)00094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al), has the potential to be neurotoxic in humans and animals, and is present in many manufactured foods and medicines and is also added to drinking water for purification purposes. Our previous study demonstrated that chronic Al exposure induced deficits of both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and population spike (PS) in rat dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus in vivo (Wang et al., 2001). The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the Al-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity could be reversed by dietary supplementation with vitamin E (Vit E; alpha-tocopherol). Neonatal Wistar rats were exposed to Al from parturition throughout life by drinking 0.3% aluminium chloride (AlCl3) solution or a diet supplemented with Vit E at 500 microg/g/day with 0.3% AlCl3. The input/output (I/O) function, EPSP and PS were measured in DG area of adult rats (80-100 days of age) in response to stimulation applied to the lateral perforant path. The results showed that: (1) chronic Al exposure reduced the amplitudes of both EPSP LTP (control: 130.4+/-3%, n=7; Al-exposed: 110+/-2%, n=9, P<0.001) and PS LTP (control: 241+/-19%, n=7; Al-exposed: 130+/-7%, n=9, P<0.001) significantly. Vit E had no significant effects on the Al-induced deficits of EPSP LTP (Al-exposed: 110+/-2%, n=9; Al-exposed+Vit E: 112+/-2%, n=8, P>0.05) and PS LTP (Al-exposed: 130+/-7%, n=9; Al-exposed+Vit E: 129+/-4%, n=8; P>0.05); (2) the amplitudes of EPSP LTD (control: 84+/-4%, n=7; Al-exposed: 92+/-7%, n=9, P<0.01) and PS LTD (control: 81+/-4%, n=7; Al-exposed: 98+/-5%, n=9, P<0.001) were also decreased by Al treatment. The impaired EPSP LTD (Al-exposed: 92+/-7%, n=9; Al-exposed+Vit E: 93+/-4%, n=8, P>0.05) and PS LTD (Al-exposed: 98+/-5%, n=9; Al-exposed+Vit E: 94+/-6%, n=8, P>0.05) were also not significantly affected by Vit E treatment. It was suggested that dietary supplementation with Vit E did not reverse the impairment of synaptic plasticity induced by Al in DG in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, PR China
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20
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Abstract
An abundance of research has continued to link aluminium (Al) with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Strong et al., J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 48 (1996) 599; Savory et al., J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 48 (1996) 615). Animals loaded with Al develop both symptoms and brain lesions that are similar to those found in AD. However, these animal models of Al intoxication are not representative of human exposure to Al. They have not addressed the significance of a truly chronic exposure to Al. If Al is a cause of AD it is effective at the level of our everyday exposure to the metal and AD will be one possible outcome of the life-long presence of a low, though burgeoning, brain Al burden. Individual susceptibility to AD will be as much to do with differences in brain physiology as with changes in our everyday exposure to the metal. There will be a chemical response and indeed biochemical/physiological response in the brain to Al. The question is whether brain Al homeostasis could impact upon brain function. In reviewing the recent literature covering the neurotoxicity of Al and, in particular, of the known and probable mechanisms involved in brain Al homeostasis I have identified a mechanism through which a truly chronic exposure to Al would bring about subtle and persistent changes in neurotransmission which, in time, could instigate the cascade of events known collectively as AD. This mechanism involves the potentiation of the activities of neurotransmitters by the action of Al-ATP at adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) receptors in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Exley
- Birchall Centre for Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.
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Varner JA, Jensen KF, Horvath W, Isaacson RL. Chronic administration of aluminum-fluoride or sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity. Brain Res 1998; 784:284-98. [PMID: 9518651 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study describes alterations in the nervous system resulting from chronic administration of the fluoroaluminum complex (AlF3) or equivalent levels of fluoride (F) in the form of sodium-fluoride (NaF). Twenty seven adult male Long-Evans rats were administered one of three treatments for 52 weeks: the control group was administered double distilled deionized drinking water (ddw). The aluminum-treated group received ddw with 0.5 ppm AlF3 and the NaF group received ddw with 2.1 ppm NaF containing the equivalent amount of F as in the AlF3 ddw. Tissue aluminum (Al) levels of brain, liver and kidney were assessed with the Direct Current Plasma (DCP) technique and its distribution assessed with Morin histochemistry. Histological sections of brain were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E), Cresyl violet, Bielschowsky silver stain, or immunohistochemically for beta-amyloid, amyloid A, and IgM. No differences were found between the body weights of rats in the different treatment groups although more rats died in the AlF3 group than in the control group. The Al levels in samples of brain and kidney were higher in both the AlF3 and NaF groups relative to controls. The effects of the two treatments on cerebrovascular and neuronal integrity were qualitatively and quantitatively different. These alterations were greater in animals in the AlF3 group than in the NaF group and greater in the NaF group than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Varner
- Psychology Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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