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Dimić D, Milanović Ž, Jovanović G, Sretenović D, Milenković D, Marković Z, Dimitrić Marković J. Comparative antiradical activity and molecular Docking/Dynamics analysis of octopamine and norepinephrine: the role of OH groups. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 84:107170. [PMID: 31810852 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Octopamine is a neurotransmitter in invertebrates and a phenol analog of norepinephrine. The crystallographic and spectral (UV-visUV, and NMR) characteristics of octopamine were investigated experimentally and theoretically by applying appropriate level of theory, B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311++G(d,p), which reproduced well the experimental bond lengths and angles. The intramolecular interactions governing the stability of conformers were described by NBO and QTAIM analyses. The antiradical potencies of octopamine and norepinephrine towards DPPH and ABTS+ were examined with special emphasis on the preferred mechanism and effect of catechol moiety. Several techniques were used to distinguish Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) and Proton Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) mechanisms for reaction with DPPH. The calculated rate constants of the reactions with both radicals showed that Sequential Proton Loss Electron Transfer (SPLET) mechanism was dominant both thermodynamically and kinetically, with values of thermodynamic functions and rate constants clearly proving the importance of the second hydroxyl group in structure. The Molecular Docking and afterward Molecular Dynamics calculations of formed complexes between octopamine/norepinephrine with β1- and β2- adrenergic receptors examined in details the interactions that lead to the formation of stable complexes. The number of strong interactions of amino acids with norepinephrine was higher, but the absence of hydroxyl group in octopamine did not lead to a significant change in the type of interactions and stability. The formed complexes showed higher flexibility of amino acids, similar compactness of structure as proteins and increased interatomic distances of the backbone when compared to pure proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12-16 Studentski trg, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Žiko Milanović
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Prvoslava Stojanovića 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Goran Jovanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12-16 Studentski trg, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dragana Sretenović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12-16 Studentski trg, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dejan Milenković
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Prvoslava Stojanovića 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia; Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia; Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300, Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jasmina Dimitrić Marković
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12-16 Studentski trg, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
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Abstract
Trace amines are endogenous compounds classically regarded as comprising β-phenylethyalmine, p-tyramine, tryptamine, p-octopamine, and some of their metabolites. They are also abundant in common foodstuffs and can be produced and degraded by the constitutive microbiota. The ability to use trace amines has arisen at least twice during evolution, with distinct receptor families present in invertebrates and vertebrates. The term "trace amine" was coined to reflect the low tissue levels in mammals; however, invertebrates have relatively high levels where they function like mammalian adrenergic systems, involved in "fight-or-flight" responses. Vertebrates express a family of receptors termed trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs). Humans possess six functional isoforms (TAAR1, TAAR2, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, and TAAR9), whereas some fish species express over 100. With the exception of TAAR1, TAARs are expressed in olfactory epithelium neurons, where they detect diverse ethological signals including predators, spoiled food, migratory cues, and pheromones. Outside the olfactory system, TAAR1 is the most thoroughly studied and has both central and peripheral roles. In the brain, TAAR1 acts as a rheostat of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission and has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. In the periphery, TAAR1 regulates nutrient-induced hormone secretion, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity. TAAR1 may also regulate immune responses by regulating leukocyte differentiation and activation. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of the evolution, physiologic functions, pharmacology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of trace amines and their receptors in vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
| | - Marius C Hoener
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
| | - Mark D Berry
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
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Sharma U, Goswami A, Phukan M, Chandra Rajbongshi S, Gohain Barua A. Temperature dependence of the flash duration of the firefly Luciola praeusta. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1788-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Swale DR, Sun B, Tong F, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxicity and mode of action of N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). PLoS One 2014; 9:e103713. [PMID: 25101788 PMCID: PMC4125160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and that this action may result in neurotoxicity and pose a risk to humans from its use as an insect repellent. We investigated the mode of action of DEET neurotoxicity in order to define the specific neuronal targets related to its acute toxicity in insects and mammals. Although toxic to mosquitoes (LD50 ca. 1.5 µg/mg), DEET was a poor acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (<10% inhibition), even at a concentration of 10 mM. IC50 values for DEET against Drosophila melanogaster, Musca domestica, and human acetylcholinesterases were 6–12 mM. Neurophysiological recordings showed that DEET had excitatory effects on the housefly larval central nervous system (EC50: 120 µM), but was over 300-fold less potent than propoxur, a standard anticholinesterase insecticide. Phentolamine, an octopamine receptor antagonist, completely blocked the central neuroexcitation by DEET and octopamine, but was essentially ineffective against hyperexcitation by propoxur and 4-aminopyridine, a potassium channel blocker. DEET was found to illuminate the firefly light organ, a tissue utilizing octopamine as the principal neurotransmitter. Additionally, DEET was shown to increase internal free calcium via the octopamine receptors of Sf21 cells, an effect blocked by phentolamine. DEET also blocked Na+ and K+ channels in patch clamped rat cortical neurons, with IC50 values in the micromolar range. These findings suggest DEET is likely targeting octopaminergic synapses to induce neuroexcitation and toxicity in insects, while acetylcholinesterase in both insects and mammals has low (mM) sensitivity to DEET. The ion channel blocking action of DEET in neurons may contribute to the numbness experienced after inadvertent application to the lips or mouth of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Swale
- University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Baonan Sun
- University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fan Tong
- University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Bloomquist
- University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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