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Wongsadee T, Vatanyoopaisarn S, Rungsardthong V, Thumthanaruk B, Puttanlek C, Uttapap D, Wetprasit N. Effect of polyamine on growth, intermediates and 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline formation by
Aspergillus awamori. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thippharak Wongsadee
- Department of Agro‐Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand
| | - Savitri Vatanyoopaisarn
- Department of Agro‐Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand
| | - Vilai Rungsardthong
- Department of Agro‐Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand
| | - Benjawan Thumthanaruk
- Department of Agro‐Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Dudsadee Uttapap
- Division of Biochemical Technology School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nuanchawee Wetprasit
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Ramkhamhaeng University Bangkok Thailand
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Huynh TG, Shiu YL, Nguyen TP, Truong QP, Chen JC, Liu CH. Current applications, selection, and possible mechanisms of actions of synbiotics in improving the growth and health status in aquaculture: A review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:367-382. [PMID: 28336489 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synbiotics, a conjunction between prebiotics and probiotics, have been used in aquaculture for over 10 years. However, the mechanisms of how synbiotics work as growth and immunity promoters are far from being unraveled. Here, we show that a prebiotic as part of a synbiotic is hydrolyzed to mono- or disaccharides as the sole carbon source with diverse mechanisms, thereby increasing biomass and colonization that is established by specific crosstalk between probiotic bacteria and the surface of intestinal epithelial cells of the host. Synbiotics may indirectly and directly promote the growth of aquatic animals through releasing extracellular bacterial enzymes and bioactive products from synbiotic metabolic processes. These compounds may activate precursors of digestive enzymes of the host and augment the nutritional absorptive ability that contributes to the efficacy of food utilization. In fish immune systems, synbiotics cause intestinal epithelial cells to secrete cytokines which modulate immune functional cells as of dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells, and induce the ability of lipopolysaccharides to trigger tumor necrosis factor-α and Toll-like receptor 2 gene transcription leading to increased respiratory burst activity, phagocytosis, and nitric oxide production. In shellfish, synbiotics stimulate the proliferation and degranulation of hemocytes of shrimp due to the presence of bacterial cell walls. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are subsequently recognized and bound by specific pattern-recognition proteins, triggering melanization and phagocytosis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong-Giang Huynh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, CanTho University, CanTho, Viet Nam
| | - Ya-Li Shiu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Quoc-Phu Truong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, CanTho University, CanTho, Viet Nam
| | - Jiann-Chu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, ROC.
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Beisser D, Graupner N, Bock C, Wodniok S, Grossmann L, Vos M, Sures B, Rahmann S, Boenigk J. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis provides new insights into nutritional strategies and phylogenetic relationships of chrysophytes. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2832. [PMID: 28097055 PMCID: PMC5228505 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chrysophytes are protist model species in ecology and ecophysiology and important grazers of bacteria-sized microorganisms and primary producers. However, they have not yet been investigated in detail at the molecular level, and no genomic and only little transcriptomic information is available. Chrysophytes exhibit different trophic modes: while phototrophic chrysophytes perform only photosynthesis, mixotrophs can gain carbon from bacterial food as well as from photosynthesis, and heterotrophs solely feed on bacteria-sized microorganisms. Recent phylogenies and megasystematics demonstrate an immense complexity of eukaryotic diversity with numerous transitions between phototrophic and heterotrophic organisms. The question we aim to answer is how the diverse nutritional strategies, accompanied or brought about by a reduction of the plasmid and size reduction in heterotrophic strains, affect physiology and molecular processes. Results We sequenced the mRNA of 18 chrysophyte strains on the Illumina HiSeq platform and analysed the transcriptomes to determine relations between the trophic mode (mixotrophic vs. heterotrophic) and gene expression. We observed an enrichment of genes for photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism for phototrophic and mixotrophic strains that can perform photosynthesis. Genes involved in nutrient absorption, environmental information processing and various transporters (e.g., monosaccharide, peptide, lipid transporters) were present or highly expressed only in heterotrophic strains that have to sense, digest and absorb bacterial food. We furthermore present a transcriptome-based alignment-free phylogeny construction approach using transcripts assembled from short reads to determine the evolutionary relationships between the strains and the possible influence of nutritional strategies on the reconstructed phylogeny. We discuss the resulting phylogenies in comparison to those from established approaches based on ribosomal RNA and orthologous genes. Finally, we make functionally annotated reference transcriptomes of each strain available to the community, significantly enhancing publicly available data on Chrysophyceae. Conclusions Our study is the first comprehensive transcriptomic characterisation of a diverse set of Chrysophyceaen strains. In addition, we showcase the possibility of inferring phylogenies from assembled transcriptomes using an alignment-free approach. The raw and functionally annotated data we provide will prove beneficial for further examination of the diversity within this taxon. Our molecular characterisation of different trophic modes presents a first such example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Beisser
- Genome Informatics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Graupner
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Bock
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabina Wodniok
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Grossmann
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthijs Vos
- Theoretical and Applied Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Rahmann
- Genome Informatics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Boenigk
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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FLORES MÓNICA, ARISTOY MCONCEPCIÓN, TOLDRÁ FIDEL. Biogenic Polyamines Affect Activity of Aminopeptidase B and Alanyl Aminopeptidase from Porcine Skeletal Muscle. J Food Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb14715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fredericq E, Hacha R, Colson P, Houssier C. Condensation and precipitation of chromatin by multivalent cations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1991; 8:847-65. [PMID: 2059343 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.1991.10507849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The condensation and the precipitation of rat liver chromatin upon addition of spermine4+, spermidine3+, hexamminecobalt(III)3+ and Mg2+ cations have been studied using solubility, fluorescence, circular dichroism, melting curves, electric dichroism and spermidine binding measurements, made on both soluble and precipitated complexes. The soluble complexes obtained with tetra- and trivalent cations were depleted from all histones and enriched in other proteins, particularly high mobility group proteins 1 and 2, which brings about an important enhancement of tryptophan fluorescence without modification of its two lifetimes 5.1 and 1.2 ns. In the precipitates the non-histone proteins are eliminated. Under precipitation by Mg2+ ions, the distribution of proteins remains practically unchanged. The electric dichroism and the melting curves indicate that the soluble complexes between polyamines and chromatin undergo important condensation and, at high ratios of cation over phosphate, are constituted by heterogeneous assemblies of non-histone proteins and DNA. On the contrary, the insoluble complexes seem to retain the main features of original chromatin. Precipitation by Mg2+ ions reveal much less drastic changes than those produced by polyamines. Precipitation by spermidine occurs when one cation is bound per eight nucleotides, which in addition to the histone positive charges brings about a complete neutralization of chromatin phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fredericq
- Laboratorie de Chimie Macromoléculaire et Chimie Physique, Université de Liège, Belgium
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