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Vianello E, Galliera E. New Molecular Mechanisms and Markers in Inflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6506. [PMID: 38928211 PMCID: PMC11203660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the primary response of different disorders, and these encompass a wide range of conditions in various tissues and organs [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Galliera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Schmetterer L, Scholl H, Garhöfer G, Janeschitz-Kriegl L, Corvi F, Sadda SR, Medeiros FA. Endpoints for clinical trials in ophthalmology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 97:101160. [PMID: 36599784 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With the identification of novel targets, the number of interventional clinical trials in ophthalmology has increased. Visual acuity has for a long time been considered the gold standard endpoint for clinical trials, but in the recent years it became evident that other endpoints are required for many indications including geographic atrophy and inherited retinal disease. In glaucoma the currently available drugs were approved based on their IOP lowering capacity. Some recent findings do, however, indicate that at the same level of IOP reduction, not all drugs have the same effect on visual field progression. For neuroprotection trials in glaucoma, novel surrogate endpoints are required, which may either include functional or structural parameters or a combination of both. A number of potential surrogate endpoints for ophthalmology clinical trials have been identified, but their validation is complicated and requires solid scientific evidence. In this article we summarize candidates for clinical endpoints in ophthalmology with a focus on retinal disease and glaucoma. Functional and structural biomarkers, as well as quality of life measures are discussed, and their potential to serve as endpoints in pivotal trials is critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore; Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hendrik Scholl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucas Janeschitz-Kriegl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federico Corvi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Felipe A Medeiros
- Vision, Imaging and Performance Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Dong X, Xie Y, Xu J, Qin Y, Zheng Q, Hu R, Zhang X, Wang W, Tian J, Yi K. Global historical retrospect and future prospects on biomarkers of heart failure: A bibliometric analysis and science mapping. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13509. [PMID: 36825183 PMCID: PMC9942007 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heart failure is a rapidly growing public health problem and has become a major cause of hospitalization in middle-aged and older adults. Biomarkers are clinically important in managing heart failure and have attracted more attention from researchers in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the global research of heart failure biomarkers by bibliometrics and to identify the hot spots and perspectives for further advancement. Methods Selection of relevant documents was from the Web of Science Core Collection. Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, SciMA, and CiteSpace software were used for bibliometric analysis. Results As of October 29, 2021, 5,978 documents for heart failure biomarkers have been identified from 1989 to 2021. European Journal of Heart Failure and Circulation respectively ranked first in terms of the number of publications and the number of co-citations. A total of 5,698 institutions from 90 countries participated in these publications, with the USA leading with 2,045 documents. The most productive institution was Harvard University. Januzzi, J.L. and Maisel, A.S. were the most productive and most cited authors respectively. Natriuretic peptide, copeptin, valsartan, ferric carboxymaltose, empagliflozin, preserved ejection fraction, myocardial fibrosis, and heart transplantation were hot themes. Conclusions Extensive national and inter-institutional collaboration should be enhanced to bridge the gap between developed and less developed countries in heart failure biomarkers research. The research in this field seems to have reached a relatively mature stage, with a decrease in research fervor in recent years. The study of the natriuretic peptide family still has high centrality, with advances in the study of expression products and inflammatory markers. Cardiac fibrosis, cardiac remodeling, and therapies regarding heart failure have become hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China,Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yafei Xie
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease, Lanzhou, China,The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease, Lanzhou, China,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingyong Zheng
- Evidence-Based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Hu
- The First Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease, Lanzhou, China,The First School of Clinical Medicine of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease, Lanzhou, China,The First School of Clinical Medicine of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Corresponding author. Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
| | - Kang Yi
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease, Lanzhou, China,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China,Corresponding author. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province,730000, China.
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Abstract
A biomarker is a biological observation that substitutes for and ideally predicts a clinically relevant endpoint or intermediate outcome that is more difficult to observe. The use of clinical biomarkers is easier and less expensive than direct measurement of the final clinical endpoint, and biomarkers are usually measured over a shorter time span. They can be used in disease screening, diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring; as prognostic indicators; for developing individualized therapeutic interventions; for predicting and treating adverse drug reactions; for identifying cell types; and for pharmacodynamic and dose-response studies. To understand the value of a biomarker, it is necessary to know the pathophysiological relationship between the biomarker and the relevant clinical endpoint. Good biomarkers should be measurable with little or no variability, should have a sizeable signal to noise ratio, and should change promptly and reliably in response to changes in the condition or its therapy. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Aronson
- Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin E Ferner
- West Midlands Centre for Adverse Drug Reactions, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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