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Synergic effects of nanoparticles-mediated hyperthermia in radiotherapy/chemotherapy of cancer. Life Sci 2021; 269:119020. [PMID: 33450258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The conventional cancer treatment modalities such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy suffer from several limitations; hence, their efficiency needs to be improved with other complementary modalities. Hyperthermia, as an adjuvant therapeutic modality for cancer, can result in a synergistic effect on radiotherapy (radiosensitizer) and chemotherapy (chemosensitizer). Conventional hyperthermia methods affect both tumoral and healthy tissues and have low specificity. In addition, a temperature gradient generates in the tissues situated along the path of the heat source, which is a more serious for deep-seated tumors. Nanoparticles (NPs)-induced hyperthermia can resolve these drawbacks through localization around/within tumoral tissue and generating local hyperthermia. Although there are several review articles dealing with NPs-induced hyperthermia, lack of a paper discussing the combination of NPs-induced hyperthermia with the conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy is tangible. Accordingly, the main focus of the current paper is to summarize the principles of NPs-induced hyperthermia and more importantly its synergic effects on the conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The heat-producing nanostructures such as gold NPs, iron oxide NPs, and carbon NPs, as well as the non-heat-producing nanostructures, such as lipid-based, polymeric, and silica-based NPs, as the carrier for heat-producing NPs, are discussed and their pros and cons highlighted.
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Spirou SV, Basini M, Lascialfari A, Sangregorio C, Innocenti C. Magnetic Hyperthermia and Radiation Therapy: Radiobiological Principles and Current Practice †. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060401. [PMID: 29865277 PMCID: PMC6027353 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia, though by itself generally non-curative for cancer, can significantly increase the efficacy of radiation therapy, as demonstrated by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical results. Its limited use in the clinic is mainly due to various practical implementation difficulties, the most important being how to adequately heat the tumor, especially deep-seated ones. In this work, we first review the effects of hyperthermia on tissue, the limitations of radiation therapy and the radiobiological rationale for combining the two treatment modalities. Subsequently, we review the theory and evidence for magnetic hyperthermia that is based on magnetic nanoparticles, its advantages compared with other methods of hyperthermia, and how it can be used to overcome the problems associated with traditional techniques of hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridon V Spirou
- Department of Radiology, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Attica, Sismanogliou 1, Marousi 15126, Greece.
| | - Martina Basini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Lascialfari
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Claudio Sangregorio
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- INSTM and Dept. Of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Claudia Innocenti
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- INSTM and Dept. Of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Spirou SV, Costa Lima SA, Bouziotis P, Vranješ-Djurić S, Efthimiadou EΚ, Laurenzana A, Barbosa AI, Garcia-Alonso I, Jones C, Jankovic D, Gobbo OL. Recommendations for In Vitro and In Vivo Testing of Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia Combined with Radiation Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E306. [PMID: 29734795 PMCID: PMC5977320 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-mediated hyperthermia (MH) coupled with radiation therapy (RT) is a novel approach that has the potential to overcome various practical difficulties encountered in cancer treatment. In this work, we present recommendations for the in vitro and in vivo testing and application of the two treatment techniques. These recommendations were developed by the members of Working Group 3 of COST Action TD 1402: Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Indirect Radiation Therapy ("Radiomag"). The purpose of the recommendations is not to provide definitive answers and directions but, rather, to outline those tests and considerations that a researcher must address in order to perform in vitro and in vivo studies. The recommendations are divided into 5 parts: (a) in vitro evaluation of MNPs; (b) in vitro evaluation of MNP-cell interactions; (c) in vivo evaluation of the MNPs; (d) MH combined with RT; and (e) pharmacokinetic studies of MNPs. Synthesis and characterization of the MNPs, as well as RT protocols, are beyond the scope of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridon V Spirou
- Department of Radiology, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Attica, Sismanogliou 1, Marousi 15126, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sofia A Costa Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece.
| | - Sanja Vranješ-Djurić
- "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11351, Serbia.
| | - Eleni Κ Efthimiadou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15784, Greece.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 15310, Greece.
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Ana Isabel Barbosa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Ignacio Garcia-Alonso
- Department of Surgery, Radiology & Ph.M. University of the Basque Country, Bilbao E48940, Spain.
| | - Carlton Jones
- NanoTherics Ltd., Studio 3, Unit 3, Silverdale Enterprise Centre Kents Lane, Newcastle under Lyme ST5 6SR, UK.
| | - Drina Jankovic
- "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11351, Serbia.
| | - Oliviero L Gobbo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland.
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Hyperthermia. THERMORADIOTHERAPY AND THERMOCHEMOTHERAPY 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-57858-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hu JJ, Zirvi KA, Lea MA. Combined effect of pH and sodium cyanate on the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and metabolism by BCNU and hyperthermia. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1990; 26:269-72. [PMID: 2369791 DOI: 10.1007/bf02897228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, we have found that combined treatment with BCNU and sodium cyanate could have a greater effect on the survival of mice bearing B16 melanoma than treatment with either agent alone. With rat hepatoma and human colon cancer cells in culture, we have obtained evidence that the inhibition of cell proliferation by sodium cyanate is greater at pH 6.6 than at pH 7.4. In the present work, the effects of combination treatments on the proliferation of cancer cells were studied with cyanate, pH, BCNU, and hyperthermia. With HT29 human colon cancer cells, the inhibitory effect of BCNU (50-100 micrograms/ml) was greater when the cells were treated at pH 6.6 than at pH 7.4. The influence of pH appeared to be absent or minimal at lower or higher concentrations of BCNU. We confirmed our previous observation that the inhibition of proliferation of LS174T human colon cancer cells is greater at pH 6.6 than at pH 7.4, and we observed an inhibitory effect of BCNU (50 or 200 micrograms/ml). However, no more than additive effects were seen with combination treatment. An inhibitory effect of hyperthermia was seen for the incorporation of [3H]-leucine into protein of rat hepatoma cells (HTC) and for that of [3H]-thymidine into DNA of human colon cancer (HT29) cells. In neither case was the effect of hyperthermia significantly enhanced by treatment with sodium cyanate beyond that seen with one of the treatments alone. The data confirmed that the inhibitory effect of sodium cyanate on cell proliferation can be enhanced by a low pH but did not provide evidence for synergistic effects in combination with BCNU or hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103
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Haveman J, Hart AA. The relationship between treatment duration and temperature for hyperthermia induced lethality of cultured murine cells. Influence of medium conditions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER & CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1989; 25:1629-35. [PMID: 2591455 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(89)90309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The heat sensitivity and the time-temperature relationship of non-tolerant and thermotolerant M8013 cells treated at different pHs in either culture medium (including serum) or Hanks' salts solution (HBSS) were compared. The cells were growing asynchronously. Arrhenius plots for non-tolerant cells heated in culture medium pH 7.35 showed two linear parts below and above the transition temperature (Ttrans). The inactivation energies below and above Ttrans were respectively 2980 and 490 kJ/mole. With thermotolerant cells under the same conditions the inactivation energy was approximately constant over the range 42-46 degrees C at 890 kJ/mole. The cells were more sensitive to heat treatment at low pH or in HBSS. Moreover, it appeared that the expression of thermotolerance was strongly dependent on medium conditions: the thermotolerance ratio (TTR, ratio between slopes of survival curves of thermotolerant and normal cells) was much lower at low pH or in cells heated in HBSS. Generally a high TTR observed in experiment with fractioned hyperthermia at temperatures above Ttrans correlated fairly well with a high inactivation energy below Ttrans from the Arrhenius plot derived from data from experiments with the same cells that were not made thermotolerant before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haveman
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Dikomey E, Eickhoff J, Jung H. Effect of pH on development and decay of thermotolerance in CHO cells using fractionated heating at 43 degrees C. Int J Hyperthermia 1988; 4:555-65. [PMID: 3392427 DOI: 10.3109/02656738809027699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and decay of thermotolerance at pH 6.7, 7.1 and 7.7 was studied after fractionated hyperthermia at 43 degrees C using exponentially growing CHO cells. The maximum of thermotolerance and the time interval to reach this maximum were found to correlate with the survival decrement after the priming heat treatment. Both parameters were only affected by pH in so far as the pH altered survival after the priming treatment. Decay of thermotolerance was exponential. For a given priming heat treatment for the time t1, the half-time of decay, tau 1/2, increased linearly with increasing cell doubling time, tau d, measured for non-heated cells growing at different pH. On the other hand, for a given cell doubling time, tau d, the half-time, tau 1/2, increased exponentially with increasing duration of the priming heat treatment, t1. For all measured data the half-time of thermotolerance decay could be described by the equation tau 1/2 = alpha. tau d.exp(k.t1), with k = 2.2 +/- 0.2 h-1 and alpha = 0.094 +/- 0.009 for all pretreatments applied and all pH conditions tested. This relationship might indicate that the decay of thermotolerance is governed by a single mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dikomey
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiobiology, University of Hamburg, FR Germany
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Streffer C, van Beuningen D. The biological basis for tumour therapy by hyperthermia and radiation. Recent Results Cancer Res 1987; 104:24-70. [PMID: 3296050 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-82955-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Dikomey E, Eickhoff J, Jung H. Thermotolerance and thermosensitization in CHO and R1H cells: a comparative study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY AND RELATED STUDIES IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE 1984; 46:181-92. [PMID: 6332092 DOI: 10.1080/09553008414551251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In CHO and R1H cells thermotolerance was induced by a pre-incubation at 40 degrees C, by an acute heat shock at 43 degrees C followed by a time interval at 37 degrees C, and during continuous heating at 42 degrees C. Thermotolerance, which was tested at 43 degrees C, primarily causes an increase in D0 of the heat-response curve. The degree of maximum thermotolerance was found to be generally more pronounced in CHO than in R1H cells, but the time interval at 37 degrees C, as well as at 40 degrees C, to reach this maximum level was the same in both cell lines. CHO and R1H cells could be sensitized to 40 degrees C by a pre-treatment at 43 degrees C. When compared for the same survival rate after pre-treatment at 43 degrees C alone the degree of thermosensitization was about the same in both cell lines. In either cell line thermosensitization was found to be suppressed when cells were made thermotolerant by a previous incubation at 40 degrees C for 16 hours.
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Milligan AJ, Metz JA, Leeper DB. Effect of intestinal hyperthermia in the Chinese hamster. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1984; 10:259-63. [PMID: 6706722 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(84)90012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
If hyperthermia is to become a useful cancer therapeutic modality, normal tissue response must be thoroughly understood. The hyperthermia response of Chinese hamster intestine was studied by immersion of the exteriorized small intestine in heated tissue culture medium. After heating, the small intestine was reinserted, the incision closed, and animals observed until death. Animals exposed to 42.5 degrees, 43.5 degrees, or 44.5 degrees C intestinal hyperthermia exhibited LD50/7 values (including 95% intervals) of 56 min (52.9-59.3), 29 min (26.4-31.8), or 14 min (13.2-14.6), respectively. An Arrhenius plot of LD50/7 vs 1/T degree K exhibited an inactivation energy of 139 kcal/mole, which corresponds well with values generally reported for cellular inactivation. Hamster intestine conditioned with a sublethal exposure of 8 min at 44.5 degrees C developed thermotolerance to subsequent 44.5 degrees C hyperthermia. Thermotolerance induction was maximal by 24 hr; the LD50/7 for the second dose of hyperthermia increased from 6 min at 44.5 degrees C at zero time to 21 min at 44.5 degrees C after a treatment interval of 24 hr (thermotolerance ratio of 3.5). The LD50/7 subsequently decreased from 21 min to 12 min at 44.5 degrees C (the control value) by 96 hr. The hyperthermia response of this tissue was predicated by previous results from the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblast cell line in tissue culture, and is also similar to several mouse normal tissues.
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