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Inaniwa T, Kanematsu N, Nakajima M. Modeling of the resensitization effect on carbon-ion radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:105015. [PMID: 38604184 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad3dbb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effect of redistribution and reoxygenation on the 3-year tumor control probability (TCP) of patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy.Approach. A meta-analysis of published clinical data of 233 NSCLC patients treated by carbon-ion radiotherapy under 18-, 9-, 4-, and single-fraction schedules was conducted. The linear-quadratic (LQ)-based cell-survival model incorporating the radiobiological 5Rs, radiosensitivity, repopulation, repair, redistribution, and reoxygenation, was developed to reproduce the clinical TCP data. Redistribution and reoxygenation were regarded together as a single phenomenon and termed 'resensitization' in the model. The optimum interval time between fractions was investigated for each fraction schedule using the determined model parameters.Main results.The clinical TCP data for 18-, 9-, and 4-fraction schedules were reasonably reproduced by the model without the resensitization effect, whereas its incorporation was essential to reproduce the TCP data for all fraction schedules including the single fraction. The curative dose for the single-fraction schedule was estimated to be 49.0 Gy (RBE), which corresponds to the clinically adopted dose prescription of 50.0 Gy (RBE). For 18-, 9-, and 4-fraction schedules, a 2-to-3-day interval is required to maximize the resensitization effect during the time interval. In contrast, the single-fraction schedule cannot benefit from the resensitization effect, and the shorter treatment time is preferable to reduce the effect of sub-lethal damage repair during the treatment.Significance.The LQ-based cell-survival model incorporating the radiobiological 5Rs was developed and used to evaluate the effect of the resensitization on clinical results of NSCLC patients treated with hypo-fractionated carbon-ion radiotherapy. The incorporation of the resensitization into the cell-survival model improves the reproducibility to the clinical TCP data. A shorter treatment time is preferable in the single-fraction schedule, while a 2-to-3-day interval between fractions is preferable in the multi-fraction schedules for effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Inaniwa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kanematsu
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mio Nakajima
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Evin C, Eude Y, Jacob J, Jenny C, Bourdais R, Mathon B, Valery CA, Clausse E, Simon JM, Maingon P, Feuvret L. Hypofractionated postoperative stereotactic radiotherapy for large resected brain metastases. Cancer Radiother 2022; 27:87-95. [PMID: 36075831 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present retrospective study was to report outcomes after hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) for resected brain metastases (BM). PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed results of patients with resected BM treated with postoperative HSRT (3×7.7Gy to the prescription isodose 70%) between May 2013 and June 2020. Local control (LC), distant brain control (DBC), overall survival (OS), leptomeningeal disease relapse (LMDR), and radiation necrosis (RN) occurrence were reported. RESULTS Twenty-two patients with 23 brain cavities were included. Karnofsky Performance status (KPS) was≥70 in 77.3%. Median preoperative diameter was 37mm [21.0-75.0] and median planning target volume (PTV) was 23 cm3 [9.9-61.6]. Median time from surgery to SRT was 69 days [7-101] and 48% of patients had a local relapse on pre-SRT imaging. Median follow-up was 17.5 months [1.6-95.9]. One and two-year LC rates were 60.9 and 52.2% respectively. One and 2-year DBC rates were 45.5 and 40.9%. Median OS was 16.5 months. Four patients (18.2%) presented LMDR during follow-up. RN occurred in 6 patients (27.2%). Three factors were associated with OS: ECOG-PS (P=0.009), KPS (P=0.04), and cystic metastasis before surgery (P=0.037). Several factors were related to RN occurrence: PTV diameter and volume, Normal brain V21, V21 and V24 isodoses volumes. CONCLUSION HSRT is the most widely used scheme for larger brain cavities after surgery. The optimal dose and scheme remain to be defined as well as the optimal delay between postoperative SRT and surgery. Dose escalation may be necessary, especially in case of subtotal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Evin
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
| | - Y Eude
- Service d'ophtalmologie, Hôtel-Dieu, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes France
| | - J Jacob
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - C Jenny
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - R Bourdais
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - B Mathon
- Service de neurochirurgie, groupe Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - C A Valery
- Service de neurochirurgie, groupe Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - E Clausse
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - J M Simon
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - P Maingon
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - L Feuvret
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpitaux universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles-Foix, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
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Tatekawa K, Iwata H, Kawaguchi T, Ishikura S, Baba F, Otsuka S, Miyakawa A, Iwana M, Shibamoto Y. Changes in volume of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer during stereotactic body radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:8. [PMID: 24393430 PMCID: PMC3904205 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-9-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overall treatment time of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for non-small-cell lung cancer is usually 3 to over 10 days. If it is longer than 7 days, tumor volume expansion during SBRT may jeopardize the target dose coverage. In this study, volume change of stage I NSCLC during SBRT was investigated. Methods Fifty patients undergoing 4-fraction SBRT with a total dose of 48 Gy (n = 36) or 52 Gy (n = 14) were analyzed. CT was taken for registration at the first and third SBRT sessions with an interval of 7 days in all patients. Patient age was 29–87 years (median, 77), and 39 were men. Histology was adenocarcinoma in 28, squamous cell carcinoma in 17, and others in 5. According to the UICC 7th classification, T-stage was T1a in 9 patients, T1b in 27, and T2a in 14. Tumor volumes on the first and 8th days were determined on CT images taken during the exhalation phase, by importing the data into the Dr. View/LINAX image analysis system. After determining the optimal threshold for distinguishing tumor from pulmonary parenchyma, the region above -250 HU was automatically extracted and the tumor volumes were calculated. Results The median tumor volume was 7.3 ml (range, 0.5-35.7) on day 1 and 7.5 ml (range, 0.5-35.7) on day 8. Volume increase of over 10% was observed in 16 cases (32%); increases by >10 to ≤20%, >20 to ≤30%, and >30% were observed in 9, 5, and 2 cases, respectively. The increase in the estimated tumor diameter was over 2 mm in 3 cases and 1–2 mm in 6. A decrease of 10% or more was seen in 3 cases. Among the 16 tumors showing a volume increase of over 10%, T-stage was T1a in 2 patients, T1b in 9, and T2a in 5. Histology was adenocarcinoma in 10 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 5, and others in 1. Conclusions Volume expansion >10% was observed in 32% of the tumors during the first week of SBRT, possibly due to edema or sustained tumor progression. When planning SBRT, this phenomenon should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotoha Tatekawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Hospital, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
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Radiobiology of radiosurgery for the central nervous system. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:362761. [PMID: 24490157 PMCID: PMC3891621 DOI: 10.1155/2013/362761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to Leksell radiosurgery is defined as "the delivery of a single, high dose of irradiation to a small and critically located intracranial volume through the intact skull." Before its birth in the early 60s and its introduction in clinical therapeutic protocols in late the 80s dose application in radiation therapy of the brain for benign and malignant lesions was based on the administration of cumulative dose into a variable number of fractions. The rationale of dose fractionation is to lessen the risk of injury of normal tissue surrounding the target volume. Radiobiological studies of cell culture lines of malignant tumors and clinical experience with patients treated with conventional fractionated radiotherapy helped establishing this radiobiological principle. Radiosurgery provides a single high dose of radiation which translates into a specific toxic radiobiological response. Radiobiological investigations to study the effect of high dose focused radiation on the central nervous system began in late the 50s. It is well known currently that radiobiological principles applied for dose fractionation are not reproducible when single high dose of ionizing radiation is delivered. A review of the literature about radiobiology of radiosurgery for the central nervous system is presented.
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Iwata H, Matsufuji N, Toshito T, Akagi T, Otsuka S, Shibamoto Y. Compatibility of the repairable-conditionally repairable, multi-target and linear-quadratic models in converting hypofractionated radiation doses to single doses. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:367-73. [PMID: 23077237 PMCID: PMC3589927 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the applicability of the repairable-conditionally repairable (RCR) model and the multi-target (MT) model to dose conversion in high-dose-per-fraction radiotherapy in comparison with the linear-quadratic (LQ) model. Cell survival data of V79 and EMT6 single cells receiving single doses of 2-12 Gy or 2 or 3 fractions of 4 or 5 Gy each, and that of V79 spheroids receiving single doses of 5-26 Gy or 2-5 fractions of 5-12 Gy, were analyzed. Single and fractionated doses to actually reduce cell survival to the same level were determined by a colony assay. Single doses used in the experiments and surviving fractions at the doses were substituted into equations of the RCR, MT and LQ models in the calculation software Mathematica, and each parameter coefficient was computed. Thereafter, using the coefficients and the three models, equivalent single doses for the hypofractionated doses were calculated. They were then compared with actually-determined equivalent single doses for the hypofractionated doses. The equivalent single doses calculated using the RCR, MT and LQ models tended to be lower than the actually determined equivalent single doses. The LQ model seemed to fit relatively well at doses of 5 Gy or less. At 6 Gy or higher doses, the RCR and MT models seemed to be more reliable than the LQ model. In hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, the LQ model should not be used, and conversion models incorporating the concept of the RCR or MT models, such as the generalized linear-quadratic models, appear to be more suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Iwata
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan.
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Miyakawa A, Shibamoto Y, Kosaki K, Hashizume C. Early response and local control of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer after stereotactic radiotherapy: difference by histology. Cancer Sci 2012; 104:130-4. [PMID: 23095036 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the possible influences of various factors on tumor response to radiation, regression speeds and long-term local control rates of primary adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung after stereotactic body radiotherapy were evaluated. Ninety-one patients (65 men and 26 women) with a median age of 76 years were serially examined using computed tomography at 2, 4 and 6 months after treatment. Tumor histology was adenocarcinoma in 62 patients and squamous cell carcinoma in 29 patients. The prescribed dose was 48 Gy in four fractions given twice a week for T1 tumors (≤ 3 cm) and 52 Gy in four fractions given twice a week for T2 tumors (3-5 cm). Tumor shrinkage speed and 3-year local control rates were similar between T1 and T2 tumors and between patients with normal pulmonary function and those with impaired function. Squamous cell carcinomas shrank faster than adenocarcinomas at 2 and 4 months after radiation, but mean relative tumor size at 6 months and local control rates at 3 years did not differ significantly between the two histologies. Tumors in patients with a higher hemoglobin level tended to shrink faster but the control rates were not different. It is concluded that, although squamous cell carcinoma shrinks faster than adenocarcinoma, the two types of lung cancer are of similar radiosensitivity in terms of long-term control rates. Radiosensitivity should not be evaluated by early tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Miyakawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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Shibamoto Y, Otsuka S, Iwata H, Sugie C, Ogino H, Tomita N. Radiobiological evaluation of the radiation dose as used in high-precision radiotherapy: effect of prolonged delivery time and applicability of the linear-quadratic model. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2011; 53:1-9. [PMID: 21997195 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.11095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since the dose delivery pattern in high-precision radiotherapy is different from that in conventional radiation, radiobiological assessment of the physical dose used in stereotactic irradiation and intensity-modulated radiotherapy has become necessary. In these treatments, the daily dose is usually given intermittently over a time longer than that used in conventional radiotherapy. During prolonged radiation delivery, sublethal damage repair takes place, leading to the decreased effect of radiation. This phenomenon is almost universarily observed in vitro. In in vivo tumors, however, this decrease in effect can be counterbalanced by rapid reoxygenation, which has been demonstrated in a laboratory study. Studies on reoxygenation in human tumors are warranted to better evaluate the influence of prolonged radiation delivery. Another issue related to radiosurgery and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is the mathematical model for dose evaluation and conversion. Many clinicians use the linear-quadratic (LQ) model and biologically effective dose (BED) to estimate the effects of various radiation schedules, but it has been suggested that the LQ model is not applicable to high doses per fraction. Recent experimental studies verified the inadequacy of the LQ model in converting hypofractionated doses into single doses. The LQ model overestimates the effect of high fractional doses of radiation. BED is particularly incorrect when it is used for tumor responses in vivo, since it does not take reoxygenation into account. For normal tissue responses, improved models have been proposed, but, for in vivo tumor responses, the currently available models are not satisfactory, and better ones should be proposed in future studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor/radiation effects
- Dose Fractionation, Radiation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
- Female
- Humans
- Linear Models
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Models, Theoretical
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Neoplasms/surgery
- Oxygen/metabolism
- Radiation Pneumonitis/etiology
- Radiosurgery/adverse effects
- Radiosurgery/statistics & numerical data
- Radiotherapy Dosage
- Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/statistics & numerical data
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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Shibamoto Y, Hashizume C, Baba F, Ayakawa S, Manabe Y, Nagai A, Miyakawa A, Murai T, Iwata H, Mori Y, Mimura M, Ishikura S. Stereotactic body radiotherapy using a radiobiology-based regimen for stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2011; 118:2078-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Iwata H, Sato K, Tatewaki K, Yokota N, Inoue M, Baba Y, Shibamoto Y. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy with CyberKnife for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma: high local control with low toxicity. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:916-22. [PMID: 21665918 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the clinical outcome of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) with CyberKnife for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. From October 2000 to March 2009, 100 patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma were treated with hypofractionated SRT. Forty-three patients were male, and 57 were female. The patient's ages ranged from 16 to 82 years (median, 59 years). Five patients were medically inoperable, and 1 refused surgery; the remaining 94 were recurrent cases or those receiving postoperative adjuvant SRT. No patients had a history of previous cranial radiotherapy. Tumor volume ranged from 0.7 to 64.3 mL (median, 5.1 mL). The marginal doses were 17.0 to 21.0 Gy for the 3-fraction schedule and 22.0 to 25.0 Gy for the 5-fraction schedule. Toxicities were evaluated with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. The median follow-up period for living patients was 33 months (range, 18-118.5 months). The 3-year overall survival and local control rates were 98% and 98%, respectively. In-field and out-field tumor regrowth were observed in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. Transient cyst enlargement occurred in 3 cases. A post-SRT grade 2 visual disorder occurred in 1 patient. Symptomatic post-SRT hypopituitarism was observed in 3 of 74 patients who had not received hormone replacement therapy after surgery. CyberKnife SRT involving 21 Gy in 3 fractions or 25 Gy in 5 fractions is safe and effective for surgical treatment of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. Hypofractionated SRT appears useful for protecting the visual nerve and neuroendocrine function, especially for tumors located near the optic pathways and large tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Iwata
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
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Iwata H, Shibamoto Y, Hashizume C, Mori Y, Kobayashi T, Hayashi N, Kosaki K, Ishikawa T, Kuzuya T, Utsunomiya S. Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors using the novalis image-guided system: preliminary results regarding efficacy and toxicity. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2011; 9:619-27. [PMID: 21070084 DOI: 10.1177/153303461000900610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
www.tcrt.org The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for primary and metastatic liver tumors using the Novalis image-guided radiotherapy system. After preliminarily treating liver tumors using the Novalis system from July 2006, we started a protocol-based study in February 2008. Eighteen patients (6 with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 12 with metastatic liver tumor) were treated with 55 or 50 Gy, depending upon their planned dose distribution and liver function, delivered in 10 fractions over 2 weeks. Four non-coplanar and three coplanar static beams were used. Patient age ranged from 54 to 84 years (median: 72 years). The Child-Pugh classification was Grade A in 17 patients and Grade B in 1. Tumor diameter ranged from 12 to 35 mm (median: 23 mm). Toxicities were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events version 4.0, and radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) was defined by Lawrence's criterion. The median follow-up period was 14.5 months. For all patients, the 1-year overall survival and local control rates were 94% and 86%, respectively. A Grade 1 liver enzyme change was observed in 5 patients, but no RILD or chronic liver dysfunction was observed. SBRT using the Novalis image-guided system is safe and effective for treating primary and metastatic liver tumors. Further investigation of SBRT for liver tumors is warranted. In view of the acceptable toxicity observed with this protocol, we have moved to a new protocol to shorten the overall treatment time and escalate the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Iwata
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Tomita N, Shibamoto Y, Ito M, Ogino H, Sugie C, Ayakawa S, Iwata H. Biological effect of intermittent radiation exposure in vivo: recovery from sublethal damage versus reoxygenation. Radiother Oncol 2007; 86:369-74. [PMID: 17881072 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2007] [Revised: 08/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo effects of intermittent irradiation are influenced by recovery from sublethal damage (SLDR) and reoxygenation, so contribution of the two factors were investigated using murine tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS 1-cm-diameter SCCVII tumors growing in the legs of C3H/HeN mice were used. First, effects of 5 fractions of 6 Gy given at intervals of 2.5-15 min were compared using an in vivo-in vitro assay, by clamping the tumor-bearing legs to exclude the influence of reoxygenation. In the second and third experiments, changes in the hypoxic fraction at 0-15 min after 13 or 5 Gy were assessed by a paired cell survival method. Fourth, effects of 5 fractions of 5 Gy given at intervals of 3-10 min under conditions of limited reoxygenation were compared using a growth delay assay. RESULTS Cell survival from clamped tumors tended to increase with elongation of the intervals, but not significantly. The hypoxic fraction tended to decrease at 5-15 min from the level immediately after irradiation. Effects on tumor growth tended to decrease with elongation of the intervals. CONCLUSIONS Reoxygenation occurring within 5-15 min appeared to compensate for SLDR in SCCVII tumors. When reoxygenation was limited, the decrease of radiation effect occurred due to SLDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuo Tomita
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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Oya N, Sasai K, Shibata T, Takagi T, Shibuya K, Koike S, Nojima K, Furusawa Y, Ando K, Hiraoka M. Time course of reoxygenation in experimental murine tumors after carbon-beam and X-ray irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2001; 42:131-141. [PMID: 11599880 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.42.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We compared the tumor reoxygenation patterns in three different murine tumor cell lines after X-irradiation with those after carbon-beam irradiation using a heavy-ion medical accelerator (HIMAC) system. The tumors of the cell lines SCCVII, SCCVII-variant-1 and EMT6 on the hind legs of mice received local priming irradiation with a carbon-beam (8 Gy, 73 keV/microm in LET, 290 MeV/u, 6 cm SOBP) or X-rays (13 Gy, 250 kVp). After various intervals, the mice were given whole-body test irradiation (16 Gy. 250 kVp X-ray) either in air or after they were killed. The hypoxic fractions were estimated as the proportions of the surviving fractions of the tumors in killed mice to those in air-breathing mice. In the SCCVII tumors, the hypoxic fractions at 0.5 h were 50% and 21% (p < 0.05) after the priming X-irradiation and carbon-beam irradiation, respectively. In the SCCVII-variant-1 tumors, the hypoxic fractions were 85% and 82% at 0.5 h, 84% and 20% at 12 h (p < 0.01), and 21% and 31% at 24 h after X-ray and after carbon-beam irradiation, respectively. In the EMT6 tumors, the reoxygenation patterns after X-irradiation and carbon-beam irradiation were quite similar. We concluded that the reoxygenation pattern differed among the three tumor cell lines, and that reoxygenation tended to occur more rapidly after carbon-beam irradiation than after X-irradiation for SCCVII and SCCVII-variant-1 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Oya
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Japan.
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Kinoshita Y, Kohshi K, Kunugita N, Tosaki T, Yokota A. Preservation of tumour oxygen after hyperbaric oxygenation monitored by magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:88-92. [PMID: 10638972 PMCID: PMC2363207 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been proposed to reduce tumour hypoxia by increasing the dissolved molecular oxygen in tissue. Using a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, we monitored the changes in MRI signal intensity after HBO exposure because dissolved paramagnetic molecular oxygen itself shortens the T1 relation time. SCCVII tumour cells transplanted in mice were used. The molecular oxygen-enhanced MR images were acquired using an inversion recovery-preparation fast low angle shot (IR-FLASH) sequence sensitizing the paramagnetic effects of molecular oxygen using a 4.7 tesla MR system. MR signal of muscles decreased rapidly and returned to the control level within 40 min after decompression, whereas that of tumours decreased gradually and remained at a high level 60 min after HBO exposure. In contrast, the signal from the tumours in the normobaric oxygen group showed no significant change. Our data suggested that MR signal changes of tumours and muscles represent an alternation of extravascular oxygenation. The preserving tumour oxygen concentration after HBO exposure may be important regarding adjuvant therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Masunaga S, Ono K, Suzuki M, Sakurai Y, Kobayashi T, Takagaki M, Kinashi Y, Akaboshi M. Reoxygenation in quiescent and total intratumor cells following thermal neutron irradiation with or without (10)B-compound-compared with that after gamma-ray irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999; 44:391-8. [PMID: 10760435 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reoxygenation in quiescent (Q) and total tumor cells within solid tumors after thermal neutron irradiation with or without (10)B-compound was examined, comparing with that following gamma-ray irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS C3H/He mice bearing SCC VII tumors received 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously for 5 days via implanted mini-osmotic pumps to label all proliferating (P) cells. Thirty minutes after intraperitoneal injection of sodium borocaptate-(10)B (BSH), or 3 h after oral administration of dl-p-boronophenylalanine-(10)B (BPA), the tumors were irradiated with thermal neutrons, or those without (10)B-compounds were irradiated with thermal neutrons alone or gamma-rays. At various time points after each treatment, a series of test doses of gamma-rays were given to tumor-bearing mice while alive or after being killed to obtain hypoxic fractions in the tumors. Immediately after irradiation, the tumors were excised, minced, and trypsinized. Following incubation of tumor cells with cytokinesis blocker, the micronucleus (MN) frequency in cells without BrdU labeling ( = Q cells) was determined using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. The MN frequency in the total (P + Q) tumor cells was determined from the tumors that were not pretreated with BrdU. The MN frequency of BrdU-unlabeled cells was then used to calculate the surviving fraction of the unlabeled cells from the regression line for the relationship between the MN frequency and the surviving fraction of total tumor cells. RESULTS In both total and Q tumor cells, the hypoxic fractions immediately after each treatment went up suddenly. Reoxygenation after each treatment occurred more rapidly in total cells than in Q cells. In both cell populations, reoxygenation appeared to be rapidly induced in the following order: neutron irradiation without (10) gamma-ray irradiation. CONCLUSION Based on our previous report that total and Q cell fractions within these tumors have larger acutely and chronically hypoxic fractions, respectively, acute hypoxic cells appeared to play a larger role in reoxygenation. BSH was thought to have a potential to distribute more homogeneously in solid tumors than BPA, because BSH induced the nearer reoxygenation pattern to that following neutron irradiation alone than BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masunaga
- Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Noda, Sennan-gun, Osaka, Japan
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Murata R, Shibamoto Y, Sasai K, Oya N, Shibata T, Takagi T, Abe M. Reoxygenation after single irradiation in rodent tumors of different types and sizes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996; 34:859-65. [PMID: 8598363 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(95)02155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the variation of reoxygenation patterns after single irradiation in murine tumors of different types and sizes. METHODS AND MATERIALS Whole-body single irradiation of 13 to 15 Gy was delivered to 10 mm RIF1 tumors of C3H/He mice, 22 mm SCCVII tumors of C3H/He mice, and 16 mm EMT6 tumors of Balb/c mice. Thereafter, changes in the hypoxic fraction with time were determined by the paired survival curve method. The data were compared with the results we had ++previously obtained with 10 mm SCCVII and 10 mm EMT6 tumors. RESULTS The hypoxic fraction at 1 h after the priming irradiation was 26% for 10 mm RIF1 tumors, 48% for 10 mm SCCVII tumors, and 100% for 10 mm EMT6 tumors. Thus, RIF1 and SCCVII tumors, both of which have few necrotic areas, showed rapid reoxygenation, whereas EMT6 tumors, which have large necrotic areas, reoxygenated slowly. Although the hypoxic fraction returned to the pretreatment level within 72 h in 10 mm SCCVII and 10 mm EMT6 tumors, it did not in 10 mm RIF1 tumors. In contrast, the patterns of reoxygenation were similar between 22 mm and 10 mm SCCVII tumors and between 16 mm and 10 mm EMT6 tumors. CONCLUSION The three tumors showed different patterns of reoxygenation. Tumors that have a low proportion of necrosis may reoxygenate rapidly. However, tumor size appeared to have less influence on the pattern of reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Murata
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University. Kyoto, Japan
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Shibata T, Shibamoto Y, Sasai K, Oya N, Murata R, Takagi T, Hiraoka M, Abe M. Comparison of in vivo efficacy of hypoxic cytotoxin tirapazamine and hypoxic cell radiosensitizer KU-2285 in combination with single and fractionated irradiation. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996; 87:98-104. [PMID: 8609056 PMCID: PMC5920986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1996.tb00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of strategies to eradicate radioresistant hypoxic cells would be of great benefit for clinical radiotherapy. In the present study, the in vivo effects of a promising hypoxic cytotoxin, tirapazamine (3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide), were examined in comparison with those of KU-2285, one of the best hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, in combination with both single and fractionated irradiation. The tumor response was assessed by the standard in vivo-in vitro clonogenic assay using SCCVII tumors in C3H mice and EMT-6/KU tumors in Balb/c mice with different characteristics of tumor hypoxia. With single-dose irradiation (18 Gy), both tirapazamine and KU-2285 showed significant enhancement of cell killing in a dose-dependent manner, but tirapazamine was more effective for SCCVII tumors with acutely hypoxic cells, while KU-2285 was more effective for EMT-6/KU tumors predominantly with chronically hypoxic cells. In fractionated irradiation regimens (4 fractions of 5 Gy at 12 h intervals), tirapazamine showed more marked combined effects at 10 and 20 mg/kg than KU2285 at 100-200 mg/kg in both SCCVII and EMT-6/KU tumors. We concluded that the effectiveness of KU-2285 and tirapazamine was correlated with the nature of tumor hypoxia with single-dose irradiation, whereas tirapazamine appeared more potent than KU-2285 with fractionated irradiation. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of tirapazamine in clinical fractionated radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shibata
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University
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