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Portaccio M, De Luca P, Durante D, Grano V, Rossi S, Bencivenga U, Lepore M, Mita DG. Modulation of the catalytic activity of free and immobilized peroxidase by extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields: dependence on frequency. Bioelectromagnetics 2005; 26:145-52. [PMID: 15672368 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A study of the influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of various frequencies, from 50 up to 400 Hz, on the catalytic activity of soluble and insoluble horseradish peroxidase (POD) was carried out. To simulate the conditions in which the enzyme operates in vivo, the POD was immobilized by entrapment on a gelatin membrane or by covalent attachment on a nylon graft membrane. The rate of inactivation of the soluble POD was found to exhibit positive and negative interactions with the 1 mT applied magnetic field, with an optimum positive effect at 130 Hz. The immobilized PODs, on the contrary, do not exhibit negative interactions, but show a maximum positive interaction at 150 Hz when entrapped and at 170 Hz when covalently attached. At 50 Hz and at frequencies higher than 250 Hz no effects were observed with insoluble POD. The optimum frequency of positive interaction between the EMF and the catalytic activity of the insoluble enzymes is shifted with respect to that of the soluble enzymes towards higher frequencies, the size of the shifts being dependent on the intensity of the physical forces involved in the immobilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Portaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Peluso F, Castagnolo D, Albanese C. A naive accelerometer acting in the continuum range. MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2002; 13:41-52. [PMID: 12521053 DOI: 10.1007/bf02881680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The space experiment TRAMP (Thermal Radiation Aspects of Migrating Particles) flown in 1999 onboard the mission Foton 12 sponsored by the European Space Agency (ESA), was conceived to reveal and measure a new kind of forces, named Thermal Radiation Forces (TRF). The experiment was dramatically disturbed by the occurrence of undesired convective motions due to the rotation of the spacecraft. Apart from that, corrosion occurred in some parts of the flight apparatus, resulting in the presence of gas bubbles inside the experimental liquid, completely compromising the results. Consequently, the experiment did not allow to reveal and/or to measure TRF, but it turned out to be useful in another way, as a very sensitive accelerometer, since the accelerations deduced from velocity measurements concurred with those measured by the Quasi-Steady Acceleration Measurement (QSAM) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peluso
- Microgravity Advanced Research and user Support (MARS) Center, Napoli, Italy
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De Maio A, El-Masry M, Abd El-Latif Z, Portaccio M, Bencivenga U, Mita D. Influence of the immobilisation process on the activity of β-galactosidase bound to nylon membranes grafted with glycidyl methacrylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(01)00063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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El-Masry MM, De Maio A, Portaccio M, Di Martino S, Bencivenga U, Rossi S, Gaeta FS, Mita DG. Isothermal and non-isothermal characterization of catalytic nylon membranes chemically grafted: dependence on the grafting percentage. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:773-784. [PMID: 11397458 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The behaviour of five different hydrophobic beta-galactosidase derivatives, obtained by grafting different amount of butylmethacrylate (BMA) on planar nylon membranes, has been studied under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.Under isothermal conditions the effect of the grafting percentage on the enzyme activity has been studied as a function of pH, temperature and substrate concentration. Independently from the parameters under observation, the yield of the catalytic process reaches the maximum value at a grafting percentage value equal to 21%. The apparent K(m) values result linearly increasing with the increase of the grafting percentage, while the apparent V(max) exhibits a maximum value.Under non-isothermal conditions, a decrease of the apparent K(m) values and increase of the apparent V(max) has been found in respect to the same values obtained under isothermal conditions.The percentage activity increases induced by the presence of a temperature gradient have been found to decrease with the increase of the percentage of graft BMA.A parameter correlating the percentage increase of enzyme activity under non-isothermal conditions with the hydrophobicity of the catalytic membrane has also been identified. This parameter is the ratio between thermoosmotic and hydraulic permeability.Results have been discussed in terms of reduction of diffusion limitations for substrate and products movement towards or away from the catalytic site by the process of thermodialysis.The usefulness of using non-isothermal bioreactors in industrial biotechnological processes has been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M. El-Masry
- International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics of CNR, Via G. Marconi, 12-80125, Naples, Italy
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El-Masry M, De Maio A, Di Martino S, Grano V, Rossi S, Pagliuca N, Abd El-Latifa Z, Moustafa A, D’Uva A, Gaeta F, Mita D. Influence of the non-isothermal conditions on the activity of enzymes immobilized on nylon grafted membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The process of thermodialysis and the efficiency increase of bioreactors operating under non-isothermal conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Santucci M, Portaccio M, Eldin MS, Pagliuca N, Rossi S, Bencivenga U, Gaeta FS, Mita DG. Glucose determination by means of a new reactor/sensor system operating under non-isothermal conditions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 26:593-601. [PMID: 10793206 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(99)00184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic and steady-state responses as well as the response times of a glucose biosensor have been studied under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions as a function of analyte concentration. The presence of a temperature gradient across the catalytic membrane system improved the biosensor characteristics, because the dynamic and steady-state responses increased and the response times decreased under non-isothermal conditions. For example, a macroscopic temperature difference of 20 degrees C applied across the catalytic membrane system increases the biosensor sensitivity of 70% and reduces of 50% its response time. The dependence of the observed effects on the magnitude of the temperature difference applied has been correlated with the substrate (and products) transport across the catalytic membrane system due to the process of thermodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Santucci
- International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics of CNR, via G. Marconi, 10-80125, Napoli, Italy
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El-Masry M, De Maio A, Di Martino S, Bencivenga U, Rossi S, Manzo B, Pagliuca N, Canciglia P, Portaccio M, Gaeta F, Mita D. Modulation of immobilized enzyme activity by altering the hydrophobicity of nylon-grafted membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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El-Masry M, De Maio A, Di Martino S, Diano N, Bencivenga U, Rossi S, Grano V, Canciglia P, Portaccio M, Gaeta F, Mita D. Modulation of immobilized enzyme activity by altering the hydrophobicity of nylon-grafted membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Non-isothermal cephalexin hydrolysis by penicillin G acylase immobilized on grafted nylon membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mohy Eldin M, Bencivenga U, Rossi S, Canciglia P, Gaeta F, Tramper J, Mita D. Characterization of the activity of penicillin G acylase immobilized onto nylon membranes grafted with different acrylic monomers by means of γ-radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Santucci M, Portaccio M, Rossi S, Bencivenga U, Gaeta FS, Mita DG. A glucose biosensor operating under non-isothermal conditions: the dynamic response. Biosens Bioelectron 1999; 14:737-47. [PMID: 10641293 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(99)00042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The results obtained with a glucose biosensor operating under non-isothermal conditions are presented and discussed. Glucose oxidase, immobilized onto Nylon membranes, was used as biological element. An amperometric two electrodes system was employed to measure the anodic current produced by oxidation of hydrogen peroxide. Non-isothermal conditions were characterised in terms of the temperature difference, delta T = Tw - Tc, and of the average temperature of the system, Tav = (Tw + Tc)/2, Tw and Tc being the temperature in the warm and cold half-cells constituting the biosensor. Comparison between the functioning of the biosensor under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions was performed. It was found that, under non-isothermal conditions, the dynamic response and sensitivity increased, while the response times and the detection limit decreased, if comparison was done with the same parameters measured under isothermal conditions. The increase of the dynamic response was found to be proportional to the applied temperature gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Santucci
- International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics of CNR, Naples, Italy
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Influence of the microenvironment on the activity of enzymes immobilized on Teflon membranes grafted by γ-radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Mohy Eldin MS, De Maio A, Di Martino S, Bencivenga U, Rossi S, D'uva A, Gaeta FS, Mita DG. Immobilization of ?-galactosidase on nylon membranes grafted with diethylenglycol dimethacrylate (DGDA) by ?-radiation: Effect of membrane pore size. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2329(199922)18:2<109::aid-adv2>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mohy Eldin M, De Maio A, Di Martino S, Portaccio M, Stellato S, Bencivenga U, Rossi S, Santucci M, Canciglia P, Gaeta F, Mita D. Non-isothermal bioreactors utilizing catalytic Teflon membranes. J Memb Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(98)00112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Portaccio M, Stellato S, Rossi S, Bencivenga U, Mohy Eldin M, Gaeta F, Mita D. Galactose competitive inhibition of β-galactosidase (Aspergillus oryzae) immobilized on chitosan and nylon supports. Enzyme Microb Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(98)00018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Russo P, De Maio A, D'Acunzo A, Garofalo A, Bencivenga U, Rossi S, Annicchiarico R, Gaeta FS, Mita DG. Increase in beta-galactosidase activity in a non-isothermal bioreactor utilizing immobilized cells of Kluyveromyces fragilis: fundamentals and applications. Res Microbiol 1997; 148:271-81. [PMID: 9765807 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(97)85247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The beta-galactosidase activity of Kluyveromyces fragilis cells immobilized in a kappa carrageenan gel was studied in a bioreactor functioning under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. We observed an increase in enzyme activity which was found to be proportional to the intensity of the temperature gradient applied across the biocatalytic membrane, as well as to the average temperature of the bioreactor. The efficiency of such a non-isothermal bioreactor was calculated with respect to the yield of a bioreactor working under comparable isothermal conditions and was evaluated in terms of reduction of processing times in industrial applications. The possibility that enzyme activity in living cells is affected by non-isothermal conditions naturally existing owing to metabolic heat production is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Russo
- International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Naples, Italy
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