1
|
Zhao C, Wan T, Yuan W, Zheng Z, Jia X, Shu K, Feng L, Min Y. Re-Stickable Yarn Supercapacitors with Vaper Phase Polymerized Multi-Layered Polypyrrole Electrodes for Smart Garments. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200347. [PMID: 35686689 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Yarn supercapacitors have attracted significant attention for wearable energy storage due to their ability to be directly integrated with garments. Conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) based yarn supercapacitors show limited cycling stability because of the huge volume changes during the charge-discharge processes. In addition, laundering may cause damage to such yarn supercapacitors. Here, the fabrication of PPy-based re-stickable yarn supercapacitors is reported with good cycling stability by employing vapor phase polymerization (VPP) and water-soluble polyethylene oxide (PEO) film as the adhesive layer. VPP duration and cycle are controlled to achieve multi-layered PPy electrodes. The assembled yarn supercapacitors show a good cycling stability with capacitance retention of 79.1% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. The energy stored in the yarn supercapacitor is sufficient to power a photodetector. After gluing the yarn supercapacitors onto a PEO film, the devices can be stunk on and peeled off the garment to avoid the mechanical stresses during the washing process. Three yarn supercapacitors connected in parallel on PEO film show negative changes in electrochemical performance after 5 sticking-peeling cycles. This work provides a facile way to fabricate PPy-based re-stickable energy storage devices with high cycling stability for smart garments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenxiong Yuan
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Kewei Shu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Performance Materials and Polymers, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Desroches PE, Silva SM, Gietman SW, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Moulton SE, Greene GW. Lubricin (PRG4) Antiadhesive Coatings Mitigate Electrochemical Impedance Instabilities in Polypyrrole Bionic Electrodes Exposed to Fouling Fluids. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8032-8039. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E. Desroches
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Saimon M. Silva
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Shaun W. Gietman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anita F. Quigley
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M. I. Kapsa
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Simon E. Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - George W. Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Electrically conducting polymers (ECPs) are finding applications in various fields of science owing to their fascinating characteristic properties such as binding molecules, tuning their properties, direct communication to produce a range of analytical signals and new analytical applications. Polyaniline (PANI) is one such ECP that has been extensively used and investigated over the last decade for direct electron transfer leading towards fabrication of mediator-less biosensors. In this review article, significant attention has been paid to the various polymerization techniques of polyaniline as a transducer material, and their use in enzymes/biomolecules immobilization methods to study their bio-catalytic properties as a biosensor for potential biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pillay V, Tsai TS, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Modi G, Naidoo D, Tomar LK, Tyagi C, Ndesendo VMK. A review of integrating electroactive polymers as responsive systems for specialized drug delivery applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2039-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viness Pillay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Tong-Sheng Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Lisa C. du Toit
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Girish Modi
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Dinesh Naidoo
- Department of Neurosurgery; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Lomas K. Tomar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Charu Tyagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Valence M. K. Ndesendo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borole DD, Kapadi UR, Mahulikar PP, Hundiwale DG. Conducting polymers: an emerging field of biosensors. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156855506775526205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
6
|
Sizun T, Patois T, Bouvet M, Lakard B. Microstructured electrodeposited polypyrrole–phthalocyanine hybrid material, from morphology to ammonia sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35356c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Akieh MN, Ralph SF, Bobacka J, Ivaska A. Transport of metal ions across an electrically switchable cation exchange membrane based on polypyrrole doped with a sulfonated calix[6]arene. J Memb Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
8
|
Meng S, Rouabhia M, Shi G, Zhang Z. Heparin dopant increases the electrical stability, cell adhesion, and growth of conducting polypyrrole/poly(L,L-lactide) composites. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 87:332-44. [PMID: 18181107 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) is a promising conductive polymer for tissue engineering and bioelectrical applications. However, its electrical conductivity deteriorates easily in aqueous conditions. Cell adhesion to PPy is also relatively poor. The goal of this study was to simultaneously improve the electrical stability of and cell adhesion to PPy by using heparin (HE) as dopant, for HE is both a polyanion and an important glycosaminoglycan in cell membranes and extracellular matrix. PPy particles doped with HE were synthesized through emulsion polymerization using Fenton's reagent as an oxidant. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the PPy particles. Conductive biodegradable membranes of 10(2) to 10(3) Omega/square were prepared from 5% (w) PPy with various amounts of HE and 95% (w) poly(L,L-lactide) (PPy/PLLA). Azure A staining was employed to quantify the HE exposed on the surface of the PPy particles and PPy/PLLA membranes. The distribution of HE on membranes was demonstrated by DAPI staining. Results showed that HE was incorporated into the PPy particles as counterions and presented on particle surface. A unique "filament"-like morphology of the PPy preparation was observed at high-HE content. The electrical stability of the PPy/PLLA membranes was tested in saline at 37 degrees C for 500 h. Human skin fibroblasts were used to test the cell adhesion capacity. The conductive membranes containing HE-doped PPy particles recorded significantly increased electrical stability, cell adhesion, and growth. The electrically more stable and cell adhesive conductive biodegradable membrane may act as a platform for various biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Meng
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, CHUQ, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Green RA, Lovell NH, Wallace GG, Poole-Warren LA. Conducting polymers for neural interfaces: Challenges in developing an effective long-term implant. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3393-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
10
|
Study of the factors determining the mobility of ions in the polypyrrole films doped with aromatic sulfonate anions. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Malhotra BD, Chaubey A, Singh SP. Prospects of conducting polymers in biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 578:59-74. [PMID: 17723695 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Applications of conducting polymers to biosensors have recently aroused much interest. This is because these molecular electronic materials offer control of different parameters such as polymer layer thickness, electrical properties and bio-reagent loading, etc. Moreover, conducting polymer based biosensors are likely to cater to the pressing requirements such as biocompatibility, possibility of in vivo sensing, continuous monitoring of drugs or metabolites, multi-parametric assays, miniaturization and high information density. This paper deals with the emerging trends in conducting polymer based biosensors during the last about 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bansi D Malhotra
- Biomolecular Electronics and Conducting Polymer Research Group, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
in het Panhuis M. Carbon nanotubes: enhancing the polymer building blocks for intelligent materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b606959b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Metal transport studies on inherently conducting polymer membranes containing cyclodextrin dopants. J Memb Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
14
|
The influence of the monomer and the ionic liquid on the electrochemical preparation of polythiophene. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
Reece DA, Pringle JM, Ralph SF, Wallace GG. Autopolymerization of Pyrrole in the Presence of a Host/Guest Calixarene. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0401020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Reece
- ARC Centre for Nanostructured Electromaterials, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 2522, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Jennifer M. Pringle
- ARC Centre for Nanostructured Electromaterials, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 2522, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Stephen F. Ralph
- ARC Centre for Nanostructured Electromaterials, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 2522, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre for Nanostructured Electromaterials, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 2522, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pringle JM, Efthimiadis J, Howlett PC, Efthimiadis J, MacFarlane DR, Chaplin AB, Hall SB, Officer DL, Wallace GG, Forsyth M. Electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole in ionic liquids. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Ding J, Price WE, Ralph SF, Wallace GG. Recovery of gold cyanide using inherently conducting polymers. POLYM INT 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Misoska V, Ding J, Davey J, Price W, Ralph S, Wallace G. Polypyrrole membranes containing chelating ligands: synthesis, characterisation and transport studies. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Electrochemically controlled transport of metal ions across polypyrrole membranes using a flow-through cell. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(01)00070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Electrohydrodynamic synthesis, characterisation and metal uptake studies on polypyrrole colloids stabilised by polyvinylphosphate dopant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(00)00477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
22
|
Kim B, Spinks G, Too C, Wallace G, Bae Y, Ogata N. Incorporation of novel polyelectrolyte dopants into conducting polymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(99)00100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Mirmohseni A, Milani M, Hassanzadeh V. Ion exchange properties of polypyrrole studied by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). POLYM INT 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199909)48:9<873::aid-pi236>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
24
|
Dai L. Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199907)10:7<357::aid-pat886>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
25
|
DAI LIMING. Conjugated and Fullerene-Containing Polymers for Electronic and Photonic Applications: Advanced Syntheses and Microlithographic Fabrications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1081/mc-100101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Zhou D, Too C, Wallace G. Synthesis and characterisation of polypyrrole/heparin composites. REACT FUNCT POLYM 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(97)00149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
28
|
Synthesis, characterisation and transport properties of layered conducting electroactive polypyrrole membranes. J Memb Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(98)00158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Zhao H, Chen F, Lewis T, Price W, Wallace G. Studies of electropolymerisation of sodium 2-(3-thienyl)ethyl sulfonate. REACT FUNCT POLYM 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(97)00021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Pickup NL, Lam M, Milojevic D, Bi RY, Shapiro JS, Wong DK. Investigations of the feasibility of constructing a polypyrrole-mercury/mercury chloride reference electrode. POLYMER 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)01029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
32
|
|
33
|
Electrochemical preparation of polypyrrole membranes and their application in ethanol-cyclohexane separation by pervaporation. J Memb Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-7388(95)00145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
34
|
Mirmohseni A, Price W, Wallace G. Electrochemically controlled transport of small charged organic molecules across conducting polymer membranes. J Memb Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00246-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
35
|
Zhou D, Zhao H, Price W, Wallace G. Electrochemically controlled transport in a dual conducting polymer membrane system. J Memb Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Hodgson A, Gilmore K, Small C, Wallace G, Mackenzie I, Aoki T, Ogata N. Reactive supramolecular assemblies of mucopolysaccharide, polypyrrole and protein as controllable biocomposites for a new generation of ‘intelligent biomaterials’. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-5677(94)90013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
37
|
Transport across stand-alone conducting polypyrrole membranes containing dodecylsulfate counterions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0923-1137(94)90023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|