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Vanin AF. Positive (Regulatory) and Negative (Cytotoxic) Effects of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes on Living Organisms. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1367-1386. [PMID: 36509730 PMCID: PMC9672603 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The proposed in our studies mechanism of dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC) formation through the main step of disproportionation of two NO molecules in complex with Fe2+ ion leads to emergence of the resonance structure of dinitrosyl-iron fragment of DNIC, [Fe2+(NO)(NO+)]. The latter allowed suggesting capacity of these complexes to function as donor of both neutral NO molecules as well as nitrosonium cations (NO+), which has been demonstrated in experiments. Analysis of biological activity of DNICs with thiol-containing ligands presented in this review demonstrates that NO molecules and nitrosonium cations released from the complexes exert respectively positive (regulatory) and negative (cytotoxic) effects on living organisms. It has been suggested to use dithiocarbamate derivatives to enhance selective release of nitrosonium cations from DNIC in living organisms followed by simultaneous incorporation of the released NO molecules into the biologically non-active mononitrosyl iron complexes with dithiocarbamate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly F Vanin
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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López-García A, Saborío-Montero A, Gutiérrez-Rivas M, Atxaerandio R, Goiri I, García-Rodríguez A, Jiménez-Montero JA, González C, Tamames J, Puente-Sánchez F, Serrano M, Carrasco R, Óvilo C, González-Recio O. Fungal and ciliate protozoa are the main rumen microbes associated with methane emissions in dairy cattle. Gigascience 2022; 11:6514927. [PMID: 35077540 PMCID: PMC8848325 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitigating the effects of global warming has become the main challenge for humanity in recent decades. Livestock farming contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, with an important output of methane from enteric fermentation processes, mostly in ruminants. Because ruminal microbiota is directly involved in digestive fermentation processes and methane biosynthesis, understanding the ecological relationships between rumen microorganisms and their active metabolic pathways is essential for reducing emissions. This study analysed whole rumen metagenome using long reads and considering its compositional nature in order to disentangle the role of rumen microbes in methane emissions. Results The β-diversity analyses suggested a subtle association between methane production and overall microbiota composition (0.01 < R2 < 0.02). Differential abundance analysis identified 36 genera and 279 KEGGs as significantly associated with methane production (Padj < 0.05). Those genera associated with high methane production were Eukaryota from Alveolata and Fungi clades, while Bacteria were associated with low methane emissions. The genus-level association network showed 2 clusters grouping Eukaryota and Bacteria, respectively. Regarding microbial gene functions, 41 KEGGs were found to be differentially abundant between low- and high-emission animals and were mainly involved in metabolic pathways. No KEGGs included in the methane metabolism pathway (ko00680) were detected as associated with high methane emissions. The KEGG network showed 3 clusters grouping KEGGs associated with high emissions, low emissions, and not differentially abundant in either. A deeper analysis of the differentially abundant KEGGs revealed that genes related with anaerobic respiration through nitrate degradation were more abundant in low-emission animals. Conclusions Methane emissions are largely associated with the relative abundance of ciliates and fungi. The role of nitrate electron acceptors can be particularly important because this respiration mechanism directly competes with methanogenesis. Whole metagenome sequencing is necessary to jointly consider the relative abundance of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota in the statistical analyses. Nutritional and genetic strategies to reduce CH4 emissions should focus on reducing the relative abundance of Alveolata and Fungi in the rumen. This experiment has generated the largest ONT ruminal metagenomic dataset currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián López-García
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Crta. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Saborío-Montero
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Crta. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Escuela de Zootecnia y Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mónica Gutiérrez-Rivas
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Crta. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Atxaerandio
- NEIKER - Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario. Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Idoia Goiri
- NEIKER - Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario. Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Aser García-Rodríguez
- NEIKER - Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario. Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Jose A Jiménez-Montero
- Confederación de Asociaciones de Frisona Española (CONAFE), Ctra. de Andalucía km 23600 Valdemoro, 28340 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen González
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Crta. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Tamames
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Puente-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Serrano
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Crta. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Carrasco
- Departamento de Periodismo y Nuevos Medios, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Óvilo
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Crta. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar González-Recio
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Crta. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Vanin AF. Physico-Chemistry of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes as a Determinant of Their Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10356. [PMID: 34638698 PMCID: PMC8508859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we minutely discuss the so-called "oxidative" mechanism of mononuclear form of dinitrosyl iron complexes (M-DNICs) formations proposed by the author. M-DNICs are proposed to be formed from their building material-neutral NO molecules, Fe2+ ions and anionic non-thiol (L-) and thiol (RS-) ligands based on the disproportionation reaction of NO molecules binding with divalent ion irons in pairs. Then a protonated form of nitroxyl anion (NO-) appearing in the reaction is released from this group and a neutral NO molecule is included instead. As a result, M-DNICs are produced. Their resonance structure is described as [(L-)2Fe2+(NO)(NO+)], in which nitrosyl ligands are represented by NO molecules and nitrosonium cations in equal proportions. Binding of hydroxyl ions with the latter causes conversion of these cations into nitrite anions at neutral pH values and therefore transformation of DNICs into the corresponding high-spin mononitrosyl iron complexes (MNICs) with the resonance structure described as [(L-)2Fe2+(NO)]. In case of replacing L- by thiol-containing ligands, which are characterized by high π-donor activity, electron density transferred from sulfur atoms to iron-dinitrosyl groups neutralizes the positive charge on nitrosonium cations, which prevents their hydrolysis, ensuring relatively a high stability of the corresponding M-DNICs with the resonance structure [(RS-)2Fe2+ (NO, NO+)]. Therefore, M-DNICs with thiol-containing ligands, as well as their binuclear analogs (B-DNICs, respective resonance structure [(RS-)2Fe2+2 (NO, NO+)2]), can serve donors of both NO and NO+. Experiments with solutions of B-DNICs with glutathione or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (B-DNIC-GSH or B-DNIC-NAC) showed that these complexes release both NO and NO+ in case of decomposition in the presence of acid or after oxidation of thiol-containing ligands in them. The level of released NO was measured via optical absorption intensity of NO in the gaseous phase, while the number of released nitrosonium cations was determined based on their inclusion in S-nitrosothiols or their conversion into nitrite anions. Biomedical research showed the ability of DNICs with thiol-containing ligands to be donors of NO and NO+ and produce various biological effects on living organisms. At the same time, NO molecules released from DNICs usually have a positive and regulatory effect on organisms, while nitrosonium cations have a negative and cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly F Vanin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Wang R, Camacho-Fernandez MA, Xu W, Zhang J, Li L. Neutral and reduced Roussin's red salt ester [Fe(2)(mu-RS)(2)(NO)(4)] (R = n-Pr, t-Bu, 6-methyl-2-pyridyl and 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl): synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, spectroscopic, electrochemical and density functional theoretical investigations. Dalton Trans 2008:777-86. [PMID: 19156270 DOI: 10.1039/b810230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of Roussin's red salt esters [Fe(2)(micro-RS)(2)(NO)(4)] (R = n-Pr (), t-Bu (), 6-methyl-2-pyridyl () and 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl ()) were synthesized by the reaction of Fe(NO)(2)(CO)(2) with thiols or thiolates. Complexes were characterized by IR, UV-vis, (1)H-NMR, electrochemistry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The IR spectra of complexes display one weak and two strong NO stretching frequencies (nu(NO)) in solution, but only two strong nu(NO) in the solid. Density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations using complex as model suggest that two spatial isomers of these complexes bear a 3 kcal energy difference in solution. Frequency calculations of the two isomers provide insight on the origin of the vibrational bands and explain the IR observation of complexes in the solid state and in solution. Cyclic voltammetry shows two quasi-reversible, one-electron reductions for complexes and one quasi-reversible, one-electron reduction for complexes . The paramagnetic complexes [Fe(2)(micro-RS)(2)(NO)(4)](-) ((-)-(-)), which are prepared by the chemical reduction of neutral complexes [Fe(2)(micro-RS)(2)(NO)(4)] (), have also been investigated by EPR spectroscopy. Interestingly, the EPR spectra of complexes [Fe(2)(micro-RS)(2)(NO)(4)](-) ((-)-(-)) exhibit an isotropic signal of g = 1.998-2.004 without hyperfine splitting in the temperature range 180-298 K. The observations are consistent with the results of the calculations, which reveal that the unpaired electron is dominantly delocalized over the two sulfur and two iron atoms. The difference of the g values between the reduced form of Roussin's red ester and the typical dinitrosyl iron complexes is explained, for the first time, by the difference in unpaired electron distributions between the two types of complexes, which provides the theoretical bases for the use of g values as a spectroscopic tool to differentiate these biologically active complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongming Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA90840, USA
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Carlsson S, Govoni M, Wiklund NP, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO. In vitro evaluation of a new treatment for urinary tract infections caused by nitrate-reducing bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:3713-8. [PMID: 14638471 PMCID: PMC296218 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.12.3713-3718.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2003] [Revised: 08/19/2003] [Accepted: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary and endogenous nitrates are excreted in urine, and during infection with nitrate-reducing bacteria they are reduced to nitrite. At a low pH nitrite is converted to a variety of nitrogen oxides that are toxic to bacteria. We hypothesized that acidification of nitrite-rich infected urine would result in the killing of the nitrate-reducing bacteria. An Escherichia coli control strain and a mutant lacking nitrate reductase activity were preincubated in urine supplemented with sodium nitrate (0 to 10 mM) at pH 7.0. Then, the nitrite-containing bacterial culture was transferred (and diluted 1/10) to slightly acidic urine (pH 5 and 5.5) containing ascorbic acid (10 mM) and growth was monitored. The control strain produced nitrite in amounts related to the amount of nitrate added. This strain was killed when the culture was transferred to acidic urine. In contrast, the mutant that did not produce nitrite retained full viability. When control bacteria were grown in acidic urine with nitrate and ascorbic acid present from the start of the experiment, no inhibition of growth was noted. The MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations of sodium nitrite-ascorbic acid in acidic urine were comparable to those of conventional antibiotics. Preincubation of nitrate-reducing E. coli in nitrate-rich urine leads to the accumulation of nitrite. Subsequent acidification of the urine results in generation of nitrogen oxides that are bactericidal. Killing, however, requires a sequential procedure in which the bacteria are first allowed to grow in a nitrate-rich neutral environment, later followed by acidification. We speculate that ingestion of nitrate followed some hours later by acidification of urine could be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carlsson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lloyd D, Harris JC, Maroulis S, Mitchell A, Hughes MN, Wadley RB, Edwards MR. Nitrosative stress induced cytotoxicity in Giardia intestinalis. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95:576-83. [PMID: 12911706 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the antigiardial properties of the nitrosating agents: sodium nitrite, sodium nitroprusside and Roussin's black salt. METHODS AND RESULTS Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry indicated permeabilization of the plasma membrane to the anionic fluorophore, DiBAC4(3) [bis(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol]. Loss of plasma membrane electrochemical potential was accompanied by loss of regulated cellular volume control. Changes in ultrastructure revealed by electron microscopy and capacity for oxygen consumption, were also consequences of nitrosative stress. Roussin's black salt (RBS), active at micromolar concentrations was the most potent of the three agents tested. CONCLUSIONS These multitargeted cytotoxic agents affected plasma membrane functions, inhibited cellular functions in Giardia intestinalis and led to loss of viability. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Nitrosative damage, as an antigiardial strategy, may have implications for development of chemotherapy along with suggesting natural host defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lloyd
- Department of Microbiology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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Loss of ammonia monooxygenase activity in nitrosomonas europaea upon exposure to nitrite. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:4098-102. [PMID: 9758853 PMCID: PMC106612 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.10.4098-4102.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrosomonas europaea, an obligate ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, lost an increasing amount of ammonia oxidation activity upon exposure to increasing concentrations of nitrite, the primary product of ammonia-oxidizing metabolism. The loss of activity was specific to the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) enzyme, as confirmed by a decreased rate of NH4+-dependent O2 consumption, some loss of active AMO molecules observed by polypeptide labeling with 14C2H2, the protection of activity by substrates of AMO, and the requirement for copper. The loss of AMO activity via nitrite occurred under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and more activity was lost under alkaline than under acidic conditions except in the presence of large concentrations (20 mM) of nitrite. These results indicate that nitrite toxicity in N. europaea is mediated by a unique mechanism that is specific for AMO.
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