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Rodríguez-Alonso G, Toledo-Marcos J, Serrano-Aguirre L, Rumayor C, Pasero B, Flores A, Saborido A, Hoyos P, Hernáiz MJ, de la Mata I, Arroyo M. A Novel Lipase from Streptomyces exfoliatus DSMZ 41693 for Biotechnological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17071. [PMID: 38069394 PMCID: PMC10707221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome mining of Streptomyces exfoliatus DSMZ 41693 has allowed us to identify four different lipase-encoding sequences, and one of them (SeLipC) has been successfully cloned and extracellularly expressed using Rhodococcus sp. T104 as a host. SeLipC was purified by one-step hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The enzyme is a monomeric protein of 27.6 kDa, which belongs to subfamily I.7 of lipolytic enzymes according to its phylogenetic analysis and biochemical characterization. The purified enzyme shows the highest activity at 60 °C and an optimum pH of 8.5, whereas thermal stability is significantly improved when protein concentration is increased, as confirmed by thermal deactivation kinetics, circular dichroism, and differential scanning calorimetry. Enzyme hydrolytic activity using p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) as substrate can be modulated by different water-miscible organic cosolvents, detergents, and metal ions. Likewise, kinetic parameters for pNPP are: KM = 49.6 µM, kcat = 57 s-1, and kcat/KM = 1.15 × 106 s-1·M-1. SeLipC is also able to hydrolyze olive oil and degrade several polyester-type polymers such as poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene succinate)-co-(butylene adipate) (PBSA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Moreover, SeLipC can catalyze the synthesis of different sugar fatty acid esters by transesterification using vinyl laurate as an acyl donor, demonstrating its interest in different biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rodríguez-Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Juan Toledo-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Lara Serrano-Aguirre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Carlos Rumayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Beatriz Pasero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Aida Flores
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (P.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Ana Saborido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Pilar Hoyos
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (P.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - María J. Hernáiz
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (P.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Isabel de la Mata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Miguel Arroyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-A.); (J.T.-M.); (L.S.-A.); (C.R.); (B.P.); (A.S.)
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Soong YHV, Sobkowicz MJ, Xie D. Recent Advances in Biological Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Wastes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:98. [PMID: 35324787 PMCID: PMC8945055 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used polyester plastics worldwide but is extremely difficult to be hydrolyzed in a natural environment. PET plastic is an inexpensive, lightweight, and durable material, which can readily be molded into an assortment of products that are used in a broad range of applications. Most PET is used for single-use packaging materials, such as disposable consumer items and packaging. Although PET plastics are a valuable resource in many aspects, the proliferation of plastic products in the last several decades have resulted in a negative environmental footprint. The long-term risk of released PET waste in the environment poses a serious threat to ecosystems, food safety, and even human health in modern society. Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts. Current clean-up strategies have attempted to alleviate the adverse impacts of PET pollution but are unable to compete with the increasing quantities of PET waste exposed to the environment. In this review paper, current PET recycling methods to improve life cycle and waste management are discussed, which can be further implemented to reduce plastics pollution and its impacts on health and environment. Compared with conventional mechanical and chemical recycling processes, the biotechnological recycling of PET involves enzymatic degradation of the waste PET and the followed bioconversion of degraded PET monomers into value-added chemicals. This approach creates a circular PET economy by recycling waste PET or upcycling it into more valuable products with minimal environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hue Valerie Soong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Margaret J. Sobkowicz
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Dongming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
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3
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Analysis of Comparative Sequence and Genomic Data to Verify Phylogenetic Relationship and Explore a New Subfamily of Bacterial Lipases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149851. [PMID: 26934700 PMCID: PMC4774917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant enzymes have significant potential in a wide range of synthetic reactions in industry due to their inherent stability at high temperatures and their ability to endure harsh organic solvents. In this study, a novel gene encoding a true lipase was isolated by construction of a genomic DNA library of thermophilic Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus strain HZ into Escherichia coli plasmid vector. Sequence analysis revealed that HZ lipase had 62% identity to putative lipase from Bacillus pseudomycoides. The closely characterized lipases to the HZ lipase gene are from thermostable Bacillus and Geobacillus lipases belonging to the subfamily I.5 with ≤ 57% identity. The amino acid sequence analysis of HZ lipase determined a conserved pentapeptide containing the active serine, GHSMG and a Ca2+-binding motif, GCYGSD in the enzyme. Protein structure modeling showed that HZ lipase consisted of an α/β hydrolase fold and a lid domain. Protein sequence alignment, conserved regions analysis, clustal distance matrix and amino acid composition illustrated differences between HZ lipase and other thermostable lipases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this lipase represented a new subfamily of family I of bacterial true lipases, classified as family I.9. The HZ lipase was expressed under promoter Plac using IPTG and was characterized. The recombinant enzyme showed optimal activity at 65°C and retained ≥ 97% activity after incubation at 50°C for 1h. The HZ lipase was stable in various polar and non-polar organic solvents.
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Lee YS. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Cold-Adapted Esterase, MtEst45, from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:218. [PMID: 26973604 PMCID: PMC4773448 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel esterase, MtEst45, was isolated from a fosmid genomic library of Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221. The encoding gene is predicted to have a mass of 45,564 Da and encodes 495 amino acids, excluding a 21 amino acid signal peptide. MtEst45 showed a low amino acid identity (approximately 23–24%) compared with other lipolytic enzymes belonging to Family III, a closely related bacterial lipolytic enzyme family. MtEst45 also showed a conserved GXSXG motif, G131IS133YG135, which was reported as active site of known lipolytic enzymes, and the putative catalytic triad composed of D237 and H265. Because these mutants of MtEst45, which was S133A, D237N, and H265L, had no activity, these catalytic triad is deemed essential for the enzyme catalysis. MtEst45 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified via His-tag affinity chromatography. The optimal pH and temperature of MtEst45 were estimated to be 8.17 and 46.27°C by response surface methodology, respectively. Additionally, MtEst45 was also active between 1 and 15°C. The optimal hydrolysis substrate for MtEst45 among p-nitrophenyl esters (C2–C18) was p-nitrophenyl butyrate, and the Km and Vmax values were 0.0998 mM and 550 μmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. MtEst45 was strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ ions; by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride; and by β-mercaptoethanol. Ca2+ did not affect the enzyme's activity. These biochemical properties, sequence identity, and phylogenetic analysis suggest that MtEst45 represents a novel and valuable bacterial lipolytic enzyme family and is useful for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Suk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University Busan, South Korea
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5
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Identification of organic solvent-tolerant lipases from organic solvent-sensitive microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Heterologous expression of thermostable acetylxylan esterase gene from Thermobifida fusca and its synergistic action with xylanase for the production of xylooligosaccharides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:718-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Hu X, Thumarat U, Zhang X, Tang M, Kawai F. Diversity of polyester-degrading bacteria in compost and molecular analysis of a thermoactive esterase from Thermobifida alba AHK119. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:771-9. [PMID: 20393707 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 bacterial strains were isolated from composted polyester films and categorized into two groups, Actinomycetes (four genera) and Bacillus (three genera). Of these isolates, Thermobifida alba strain AHK119 (AB298783) was shown to possess the ability to significantly degrade aliphatic-aromatic copolyester film as well as decreasing the polymer particle sizes when grown at 50 degrees C on LB medium supplemented with polymer particles, yielding terephthalic acid. The esterase gene (est119, 903 bp, encoding a signal peptide and a mature protein of 34 and 266 amino acids, respectively) was cloned from AHK119. The Est119 sequence contains a conserved lipase box (-G-X-S-X-G-) and a catalytic triad (Ser129, His207, and Asp175). Furthermore, Tyr59 and Met130 likely form an oxyanion hole. The recombinant enzyme was purified from cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3) harboring pQE80L-est119. The enzyme is a monomeric protein of ca. 30 kDa, which is active from 20 degrees C to 75 degrees C (with an optimal range of 45 to 55 degrees C) and in a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0 (with an optimal pH of 6.0). Its preferred substrate among the p-nitrophenyl acyl esters (C2 to C8) is p-nitrophenyl hexanoate (C6), indicating that the enzyme is an esterase rather than a lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Hu
- College of Plant Protection and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Dheeman DS, Frias JM, Henehan GTM. Influence of cultivation conditions on the production of a thermostable extracellular lipase from Amycolatopsis mediterranei DSM 43304. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 37:1-17. [PMID: 19806375 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among several lipase-producing actinomycete strains screened, Amycolatopsis mediterranei DSM 43304 was found to produce a thermostable, extracellular lipase. Culture conditions and nutrient source modification studies involving carbon sources, nitrogen sources, incubation temperature and medium pH were carried out. Lipase activity of 1.37 +/- 0.103 IU/ml of culture medium was obtained in 96 h at 28 degrees C and pH 7.5 using linseed oil and fructose as carbon sources and a combination of phytone peptone and yeast extract (5:1) as nitrogen sources. Under optimal culture conditions, the lipase activity was enhanced 12-fold with a twofold increase in lipase specific activity. The lipase showed maximum activity at 60 degrees C and pH 8.0. The enzyme was stable between pH 5.0 and 9.0 and temperatures up to 60 degrees C. Lipase activity was significantly enhanced by Fe(3+) and strongly inhibited by Hg(2+). Li(+), Mg(2+) and PMSF significantly reduced lipase activity, whereas other metal ions and effectors had no significant effect at 0.01 M concentration. A. mediterranei DSM 43304 lipase exhibited remarkable stability in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents at 25% (v/v) concentration for 24 h. These features render this novel lipase attractive for potential biotechnological applications in organic synthesis reactions.
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Cardenas F, Alvarez E, De Castro-Alvarez MS, Sánchez-Montero JM, Elson S, Sinisterra JV. Three New Lipases from Actinomycetes and Their Use in Organic Reactions. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420109003647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Bielen A, Ćetković H, Long PF, Schwab H, Abramić M, Vujaklija D. The SGNH-hydrolase of Streptomyces coelicolor has (aryl)esterase and a true lipase activity. Biochimie 2009; 91:390-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Soror SH, Verma V, Rao R, Rasool S, Koul S, Qazi GN, Cullum J. A cold-active esterase of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): from genome sequence to enzyme activity. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 34:525-31. [PMID: 17554575 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-007-0224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genome sequence of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) contains 51 putative lipase and esterase genes mostly of unknown function. The gene estB (locus SCO 6966) was expressed as a His-tagged protein in E. coli. Esterase B was active at low temperatures exerting its maximum activity at 30 degrees C and retaining more than 25% of its activity at 4 degrees C. The optimum pH was 8-8.5. The enzyme was active against short synthetic p-nitrophenylesters (C2-C10) with maximum activity towards the acetate ester (C2). The esterase was tested on 13 series of racemic esters of potential interest for the synthesis of chiral pharmaceutical compounds. 4 of the series were substrates and a modest degree of enantioselectivity was observed (enantiomeric ratios of 1.1-1.9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh H Soror
- LB Genetik University of Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Levisson M, van der Oost J, Kengen SWM. Characterization and structural modeling of a new type of thermostable esterase from Thermotoga maritima. FEBS J 2007; 274:2832-42. [PMID: 17466017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A bioinformatic screening of the genome of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima for ester-hydrolyzing enzymes revealed a protein with typical esterase motifs, though annotated as a hypothetical protein. To confirm its putative esterase function the gene (estD) was cloned, functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Recombinant EstD was found to exhibit significant esterase activity with a preference for short acyl chain esters (C4-C8). The monomeric enzyme has a molecular mass of 44.5 kDa and optimal activity around 95 degrees C and at pH 7. Its thermostability is relatively high with a half-life of 1 h at 100 degrees C, but less stable compared to some other hyperthermophilic esterases. A structural model was constructed with the carboxylesterase Est30 from Geobacillus stearothermophilus as a template. The model covered most of the C-terminal part of EstD. The structure showed an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold and indicated the presence of a typical catalytic triad consisting of a serine, aspartate and histidine, which was verified by site-directed mutagenesis and inhibition studies. Phylogenetic analysis showed that EstD is only distantly related to other esterases. A comparison of the active site pentapeptide motifs revealed that EstD should be grouped into a new family of esterases (Family 10). EstD is the first characterized member of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Levisson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 GT Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Evangelista-Martínez Z, González-Cerón G, Servín-González L. A conserved inverted repeat, the LipR box, mediates transcriptional activation of the Streptomyces exfoliatus lipase gene by LipR, a member of the STAND class of P-loop nucleoside triphosphatases. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:7082-9. [PMID: 17015647 PMCID: PMC1636227 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00896-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the Streptomyces exfoliatus lipA gene, which encodes an extracellular lipase, depends on LipR, a transcriptional activator that belongs to the STAND class of P-loop nucleoside triphosphatases. LipR is closely related to activators present in some antibiotic biosynthesis clusters of actinomycetes, forming the LipR/TchG family of regulators. In this work we showed that purified LipR protein is essential for activation of lipA transcription in vitro and that this transcription depends on the presence of a conserved inverted repeat, the LipR box, located upstream of the lipA promoter. Mutagenesis of the lipA promoter region indicated that most transcription depends on LipR binding to the proximal half-site of the LipR box in close proximity to the -35 region of the promoter. Our experiments also indicated that LipR establishes contact with the RNA polymerase on both sides of the LipR box, since some activation was observed when only the distal half-site was present or when the entire LipR box was moved further upstream. We also showed that the LipR proteins of S. exfoliatus and Streptomyces coelicolor are functionally interchangeable both in vitro and in vivo, revealing the functional conservation of the regulatory elements in these two species.
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Müller RJ, Schrader H, Profe J, Dresler K, Deckwer WD. Enzymatic Degradation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate): Rapid Hydrolyse using a Hydrolase fromT. fusca. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kleeberg I, Welzel K, Vandenheuvel J, Müller RJ, Deckwer WD. Characterization of a New Extracellular Hydrolase fromThermobifida fuscaDegrading Aliphatic−Aromatic Copolyesters. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:262-70. [PMID: 15638529 DOI: 10.1021/bm049582t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes the purification, biochemical characterization, sequence determination, and classification of a novel thermophilic hydrolase from Thermobifida fusca (TfH) which is highly active in hydrolyzing aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters. The secretion of the extracellular enzyme is induced by the presence of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters but also by adding several other esters to the medium. The hydrophobic enzyme could be purified applying a combination of (NH(4))SO(4)-precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The 28 kDa enzyme exhibits a temperature maximum of activity between 65 and 70 degrees C and a pH maximum between pH 6 and 7 depending on the ion strength of the solution. According to the amino sequence determination, the enzyme consists of 261 amino acids and was classified as a serine hydrolase showing high sequence similarity to a triacylglycerol lipase from Streptomyces albus G and triacylglycerol-aclyhydrolase from Streptomyces sp. M11. The comparison with other lipases and esterases revealed the TfH exhibits a catalytic behavior between a lipase and an esterase. Such enzymes often are named as cutinases. However, the results obtained here show, that classifying enzymes as cutinases seems to be generally questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kleeberg
- Gesellschaft für biotechnologische Forschung mbH, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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16
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Zehl M, Lescić I, Abramić M, Rizzi A, Kojić-Prodić B, Allmaier G. Characterization of covalently inhibited extracellular lipase from Streptomyces rimosus by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole ion trap reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry: localization of the active site serine. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2004; 39:1474-1483. [PMID: 15578758 DOI: 10.1002/jms.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A chemical modification approach combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry was used to identify the active site serine residue of an extracellular lipase from Streptomyces rimosus R6-554W. The lipase, purified from a high-level overexpressing strain, was covalently modified by incubation with 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, a general mechanism-based serine protease inhibitor. MALDI time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry was used to probe the nature of the intact inhibitor-modified lipase and to clarify the mechanism of lipase inhibition by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin. The stoichiometry of the inhibition reaction revealed that specifically one molecule of inhibitor was bound to the lipase. The MALDI matrix 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone facilitated the formation of highly abundant [M + 2H](2+) ions with good resolution compared to other matrices in a linear TOF instrument. This allowed the detection of two different inhibitor-modified lipase species. Exact localization of the modified amino acid residue was accomplished by tryptic digestion followed by low-energy collision-induced dissociation peptide sequencing of the detected 2-(carboxychloromethyl)benzoylated peptide by means of a MALDI quadrupole ion trap reflectron TOF instrument. The high sequence coverage obtained by this approach allowed the confirmation of the site specificity of the inhibition reaction and the unambiguous identification of the serine at position 10 as the nucleophilic amino acid residue in the active site of the enzyme. This result is in agreement with the previously obtained data from multiple sequence alignment of S. rimosus lipase with different esterases, which indicated that this enzyme exhibits a characteristic Gly-Asp-Ser-(Leu) motif located close to the N-terminus and is harboring the catalytically active serine residue. Therefore, this study experimentally proves the classification of the S. rimosus lipase as GDS(L) lipolytic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zehl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analysis, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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Lescić I, Zehl M, Müller R, Vukelić B, Abramić M, Pigac J, Allmaier G, Kojić-Prodić B. Structural characterization of extracellular lipase from Streptomyces rimosus: assignment of disulfide bridge pattern by mass spectrometry. Biol Chem 2004; 385:1147-56. [PMID: 15653427 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2004.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The cloning, sequencing and high-level expression of the gene encoding extracellular lipase from Streptomyces rimosus R6-554W have been recently described, and the primary structure of this gene product was deduced using a bioinformatic approach. In this study, capillary electrophoresis-on-the-chip and mass spectrometry were used to characterize native and overexpressed extracellular lipase protein from S. rimosus . The exact molecular mass of the wild-type and the overexpressed lipase, determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, were in excellent agreement (Deltam=0.11 Da and Deltam=0.26 Da, respectively) with a value of 24165.76 Da calculated from the structure deduced from the nucleotide sequence, considering the mature enzyme with all six cysteines forming disulfide bridges. The primary structure derived from the nucleotide sequence was completely verified using a combination of tryptic digestion and formic acid cleavage of the protein, followed by peptide mass fingerprinting. Selected peptides were further investigated by MALDI low-energy collision-induced dissociation hybrid tandem mass spectrometry, allowing the unambiguous determination of their predicted amino acid sequence. No post-translational modifications of mature S. rimosus lipase were detected. Comparison of the peptide mass fingerprints from the reduced and non-reduced overexpressed enzyme unequivocally revealed three intramolecular disulfide bonds with the following linkages: C27-C52, C93-C101 and C151-C198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lescić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruder Bosković Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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Cardenas F, de Castro MS, Sanchez-Montero JM, Sinisterra JV, Valmaseda M, Elson SW, Alvarez E. Novel microbial lipases: catalytic activity in reactions in organic media. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:145-154. [PMID: 11166805 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
2,000 microbial strains were isolated from soil samples and tested to determine their lipolytic activity by employing screening techniques on solid and in liquid media. Culture broths were initially tested with 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-resorufinyl ester, a chromogenic substrate specific for lipases. Fourteen lipase-producing microorganisms were selected and their taxonomic identification was carried out. Hydrolysis of tributyrin or olive oil and the esterification of oleic acid with heptanol were selected to preliminary evaluate the catalytic activity of these lipases. All the selected lipases catalysed this esterification reaction with good yields. Resolution of (R,S)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid, (R,S)-1-phenylethanol, (R,S) 1-phenylethylamine and of (R) or (S) glycidol were performed to evaluate the stereoselectivity of these novel enzymes as biocatalysts in reactions in organic media. Lipases from the fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Ovadendron sulphureo-ochraceum gave the best yields and enantioselectivities in the resolution of racemic ibuprofen and 1-phenylethanol. Several lipases displayed a high stereoselectivity in the resolution of chiral amines by an alcoxycarbonylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cardenas
- SmithKline Beecham, Centro de Investigación Básica, Santiago Grisolía, 4, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Henne A, Schmitz RA, Bömeke M, Gottschalk G, Daniel R. Screening of environmental DNA libraries for the presence of genes conferring lipolytic activity on Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:3113-6. [PMID: 10877816 PMCID: PMC92121 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.7.3113-3116.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA libraries prepared from three different soil samples were screened for genes conferring lipolytic activity on Escherichia coli clones. Screening on triolein agar revealed 1 positive clone out of 730,000 clones, and screening on tributyrin agar revealed 3 positive clones out of 286,000 E. coli clones. Substrate specificity analysis revealed that one recombinant strain harbored a lipase and the other three contained esterases. The genes responsible for the lipolytic activity were identified and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Henne
- Abteilung Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik der Georg-August-Universität, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Valdez F, González-Cerón G, Kieser HM, Servı N-González L. The Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) lipAR operon encodes an extracellular lipase and a new type of transcriptional regulator. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1999; 145 ( Pt 9):2365-2374. [PMID: 10517589 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-145-9-2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A region of the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) chromosome was identified and cloned by using as a probe the lipase gene from Streptomyces exfoliatus M11. The cloned region consisted of 6286 bp, and carried a complete lipase gene, lipA, as well as a gene encoding a transcriptional activator (lipR). The S. coelicolor A3(2) lipA gene encodes a functional extracellular lipase 82% identical to the S. exfoliatus M11 lipase; the partially purified S. coelicolor enzyme showed a preference for substrates of short to medium chain length. Transcription of lipA was completely dependent on the presence of lipR, and occurred from a single promoter similar to the lipA promoters of S. exfoliatus M11 and Streptomyces albus G. These three Streptomyces lipA promoters have well-conserved -10 and -35 regions, as well as additional conserved sequences upstream of the -35 region, which could function as targets for transcriptional activation by the cognate LipR regulators. The Streptomyces LipR activators are related to other bacterial regulators of a similar size, constituting a previously unidentified family of proteins that includes MalT, AcoK, AlkS, AfsR, five mycobacterial proteins of unknown function and some Streptomyces regulators in antibiotic synthesis clusters. A lipase-deficient strain of S. coelicolor was constructed and found to be slightly affected in production of the polyketide antibiotic actinorhodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Valdez
- Departamento de Biologı́a Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, 04510 DF, Mexico1
| | - Gabriela González-Cerón
- Departamento de Biologı́a Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, 04510 DF, Mexico1
| | - Helen M Kieser
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK2
| | - Luis Servı N-González
- Departamento de Biologı́a Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, 04510 DF, Mexico1
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22
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Berger R, Hoffmann M, Keller U. Molecular analysis of a gene encoding a cell-bound esterase from Streptomyces chrysomallus. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:6396-9. [PMID: 9829953 PMCID: PMC107730 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.23.6396-6399.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene (estA) encoding a 42-kDa cell-bound esterase, EstA, was found to be located 75 bp upstream of the cyclophilin A gene (cypA) of Streptomyces chrysomallus. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of EstA (42 kDa) in cell extracts of S. chrysomallus X2 and Streptomyces lividans. EstA specifically hydrolyzes short-chain p-nitrophenyl esters. EstA formation starts at the end of growth phase, and its activity level remains constant throughout stationary phase. Expression of estA from the melanin (mel) promoter in plasmid pIJ702 led to a substantial increase of total esterase activity in streptomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Berger
- Max-Volmer-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie und Biochemie, Fachgebiet Biochemie und Molekulare Biologie, Technische Universit at Berlin, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Servín-González L, Castro C, Pérez C, Rubio M, Valdez F. bldA-dependent expression of the Streptomyces exfoliatus M11 lipase gene (lipA) is mediated by the product of a contiguous gene, lipR, encoding a putative transcriptional activator. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:7816-26. [PMID: 9401043 PMCID: PMC179747 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.24.7816-7826.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular lipase synthesis by Streptomyces lividans 66 carrying the cloned lipase gene (lipA) from Streptomyces exfoliatus M11 was found to be growth phase dependent, since lipase was secreted into the medium mainly during the stationary phase; S1 nuclease protection experiments revealed abundant lipA transcripts in RNA preparations obtained during the stationary phase but not in those obtained during exponential growth. Transcription from the lipA promoter was dependent on the presence of lipR, a contiguous downstream gene with a very high guanine-plus-cytosine content (80.2%). The deduced lipR product consists of a protein of 934 amino acids that shows similarity to known transcriptional activators and has a strong helix-turn-helix motif at its C terminus; this motif is part of a domain homologous to DNA-binding domains of bacterial regulators of the UhpA/LuxR superfamily. The lipR sequence revealed the presence of a leucine residue, encoded by the rare TTA codon, which caused bldA dependence of lipA transcription in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2); replacement of the TTA codon by the alternate CTC leucine codon alleviated bidA dependence but not the apparent growth phase-dependent regulation of lipA transcription. When lipR expression was induced in a controlled fashion during the exponential growth phase, by placing it under the inducible tipA promoter, lipase synthesis was shifted to the exponential growth phase, indicating that the timing of lipR expression, and not its bldA dependence, is the main cause for stationary-phase transcription of lipA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Servín-González
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F., México.
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24
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Sommer P, Bormann C, Götz F. Genetic and biochemical characterization of a new extracellular lipase from Streptomyces cinnamomeus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:3553-60. [PMID: 9293006 PMCID: PMC168661 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.9.3553-3560.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces cinnamomeus Tü89 secretes a 30-kDa esterase and a 50-kDa lipase. The lipase-encoding gene, lipA, was cloned from genomic DNA into Streptomyces lividans TK23 with plasmid vector pIJ702. Two lipase-positive clones were identified; each recombinant plasmid had a 5.2-kb MboI insert that contained the complete lipA gene. The two plasmids differed in the orientation of the insert and the degree of lipolytic activity produced. The lipA gene was sequenced; lipA encodes a proprotein of 275 amino acids (29,213 Da) with a pI of 5.35. The LipA signal peptide is 30 amino acids long, and the mature lipase sequence is 245 amino acids long (26.2 kDa) and contains six cysteine residues. The conserved catalytic serine residue of LipA is in position 125. Sequence similarity of the mature lipases (29% identity, 60% similarity) was observed mainly in the N-terminal 104 amino acids with the group II Pseudomonas lipases; no similarity to the two Streptomyces lipase sequences was found. lipA was also expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of lacZ promoter. In the presence of the inducer isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), growth of the E. coli clone was severely affected, and the cells lysed in liquid medium. Lipase activity in the E. coli clone was found mainly in the pellet fraction. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, three additional protein bands of 50, 29, and 27 kDa were visible. The 27-kDa protein showed lipolytic activity and represents the mature lipase; the 29- and 50-kDa forms showed no activity and very probably represent the unprocessed form and a dimeric misfolded form, respectively. For higher expression of lipA in S. lividans, the gene was cloned next to the strong aphII promoter. In contrast to the lipA-expressing E. coli clone, S. cinnamomeus and the corresponding S. lividans clone secreted only an active protein of 50 kDa. The lipase showed highest activity with C6 and C18 triglycerides; no activity was observed with phospholipids, Tween 20, or p-nitrophenylesters. Upstream of lipA and in the same orientation, an open reading frame, orfA, is found whose deduced protein sequence (519 amino acids) shows similarity to various membrane-localized transporters. Downstream of lipA and in the opposite orientation, an open reading frame, orfB (encoding a 199-amino-acid protein) is found, which shows no conspicuous sequence similarity to known proteins, other than an NAD and flavin adenine dinucleotide binding-site sequence.
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25
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Dalrymple BP, Cybinski DH, Layton I, McSweeney CS, Xue GP, Swadling YJ, Lowry JB. Three Neocallimastix patriciarum esterases associated with the degradation of complex polysaccharides are members of a new family of hydrolases. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1997; 143 ( Pt 8):2605-2614. [PMID: 9274014 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-143-8-2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetylesterase and cinnamoyl ester hydrolase activities were demonstrated in culture supernatant of the anaerobic ruminal fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum. A cDNA expression library from N. patriciarum was screened for esterases using beta-naphthyl acetate and a model cinnamoyl ester compound. cDNA clones representing four different esterase genes (bnaA-D) were isolated. None of the enzymes had cinnamoyl ester hydrolase activity, but two of the enzymes (BnaA and BnaC) had acetylxylan esterase activity, bnaA, bnaB and bnaC encode proteins with several distinct domains. Carboxy-terminal repeats in BnaA and BnaC are homologous to protein-docking domains in other enzymes from Neocallimastix species and another anaerobic fungus, a Piromyces sp. The catalytic domains of BnaB and BnaC are members of a recently described family of Ser/His active site hydrolases [Upton, C. & Buckley, J.T. (1995). Trends Biochem Sci 20, 178-179]. BnaB exhibits 40% amino acid identity to a domain of unknown function in the CelE cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum and BnaC exhibits 52% amino acid identity to a domain of unknown function in the XynB xylanase from Ruminococcus flavefaciens. BnaA, whilst exhibiting less than 10% overall amino acid identity to BnaB or BnaC, or to any other known protein, appears to be a member of the same family of hydrolases, having the three universally conserved amino acid sequence motifs. Several other previously described esterases are also shown to be members of this family, including a rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase from Aspergillus aculeatus. However, none of the other previously described enzymes with acetylxylan esterase activity are members of this family of hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Dalrymple
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Tropical Animal Production, Private Bag No. 3, PO Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Daisy H Cybinski
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Tropical Animal Production, Private Bag No. 3, PO Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Ingrid Layton
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Tropical Animal Production, Private Bag No. 3, PO Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Christopher S McSweeney
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Tropical Animal Production, Private Bag No. 3, PO Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Gang-Ping Xue
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Yolande J Swadling
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Tropical Animal Production, Private Bag No. 3, PO Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - J Brian Lowry
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Tropical Animal Production, Private Bag No. 3, PO Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
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26
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Tesch C, Nikoleit K, Gnau V, Götz F, Bormann C. Biochemical and molecular characterization of the extracellular esterase from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:1858-65. [PMID: 8606158 PMCID: PMC177879 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.7.1858-1865.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An esterase of Streptomyces diastatochromogenes was purified to homogeneity from culture filtrate. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 30,862 +/- 5.8 Da, as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The esterase-encoding gene was cloned on a 5.1-kb MboI fragment from S. diastatochromogenes genomic DNA into Streptomyces lividans TK23 by using plasmid vector pIJ702. Nucleotide sequence analysis predicted a 978-bp open reading frame, estA, encoding a protein of 326 amino acids, a potential ribosome binding site, and a putative 35- or 36-residue signal peptide for secretion in S. lividans or S. diastatochromogenes, respectively. The transcriptional initiation site was mapped 29 nucleotides upstream from the predicted translational start codon of estA in S. diastatochromogenes. The protein sequence deduced from the estA gene was similar to that of the esterase from the plant pathogen Streptomyces scabies. Both enzymes lacked the conserved motif GXSXG carrying the active-site serine of hydrolytic enzymes. A serine modified by [1,3-3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate was located at position 11 of the mature enzyme in the sequence GDSYT. This finding and results obtained by site-directed mutagenesis studies indicate that serine 11 may be the active-site nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tesch
- Mikrobielle Genetik, Universität Tübingen, Germany
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