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Tao Y, Zhao H, Xiang Y, Li J, Li Y, Hu J, Wang H, Jiang X. Development and Validation of a New High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Assay for Quantification of Mitoxantrone in Plasma of BALB/c-nu Mice. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae007. [PMID: 38493310 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of mitoxantrone in the blood of mice was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet method with aloe-emodin as the internal standard. The separation was performed on a Hypersil BDS2 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) as the analytical column, the mobile Phase A was acetonitrile, and B was 20-mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (adding 1% triethylamine and adjusting the pH to 2.8 with phosphoric acid) and 4.6-mM sodium octyl sulfonate. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, the detection wavelength was 243 nm, the column temperature is 25 ± 5°C and the injection amount was 20 μL. Finally, the linear range of mitoxantrone was 5-200 μg·mL-1, and the correlation coefficient was r = 0.9999. The recovery rate of the method was 91.93-105.5%, and the extraction recovery rate was 91.45-105.5%. The intraday precision and interday precision were <3.29% (limit of detection = 0.3 μg·mL-1). The HPLC method established in this paper was simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate, and can be used to determine the content of mitoxantrone in mouse plasma after tail vein injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Tao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yujie Xiang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jin Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiangling Hu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Analysis Department, Fu An Pharmaceutical Group Chongqing Lybon Pharm-Tech Co., Ltd, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Xinhui Jiang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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HPLC analysis of mitoxantrone in mouse plasma and tissues: Application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:750-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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McLaughlin C, MacMillan D, McCardle C, Smith WE. Quantitative analysis of mitoxantrone by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering. Anal Chem 2002; 74:3160-7. [PMID: 12141678 DOI: 10.1021/ac010067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone is an anticancer agent for which it is important to know the concentration in blood during therapy. Current methods of analysis are cumbersome, requiring a pretreatment stage. A method based on surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) has been developed using a flow cell and silver colloid as the SERRS substrate. It is simple, sensitive, fast, and reliable. Both blood plasma and serum can be analyzed directly, but fresh serum is preferred here due to reduced fluorescence in the clinical samples available. Fluorescence is reduced further by the dilution of the serum in the flow cell and by quenching by the silver of surface-adsorbed material. The effectiveness of the latter process is dependent on the contact time between the serum and the silver. The linear range encompasses the range of concentrations detected previously in patient samples using HPLC methods. In a comparative study of a series of samples taken from a patient at different times, there is good agreement between the results obtained by HPLC and SERRS with no significant difference between them at the 95% limit. The limit of detection in serum using the final optimized procedure for SERRS was 4.0 x 10(-11) M (0.02 ng/mL) mitoxantrone. The ease with which the SERRS analysis can be carried out makes it the preferred choice of technique for mitoxantrone analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare McLaughlin
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, Scotland
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4
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Chen CL, Thoen KK, Uckun FM. High-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of topoisomerase II inhibitors. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 764:81-119. [PMID: 11817045 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Various methods for separating eleven different types of topoisomerase II (TOPO-2) inhibitors, including epipodophyllotoxins, anthracyclines, anthracenediones, anthrapyrazoles, anthracenebishydrazones, indole derivatives, aminoacridines, benzisoquinolinediones, isoflavones, bisdioxopiperazines and thiobarbituric acids, are summarized. Proper sample preparation and storage is critical to the successful analysis of some TOPO-2 inhibitors due to difficulties associated with adsorption, instability and complex biological components. Solid-phase and liquid-liquid extractions are widely used to separate TOPO-2 inhibitors from biological samples, although simple deproteinization followed by direct analysis of the supernatant is preferable to extraction based on its speed and simplicity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the favored method for the bioanalysis of TOPO-2 inhibitors. UV or diode array detection is generally employed for early pharmacokinetic studies, while fluorescence or electrochemical detection is used more frequently for analytes with fluorescent or oxidative-reductive properties. For analyses requiring highly sensitive and/or specific detection, electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS or ESI-MS-MS) provides a suitable alternative. A comprehensive compilation of the HPLC techniques currently used to separate TOPO-2 inhibitors will aid the future development of analytical methods for new TOPO-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parker Hughes Cancer Center, Parker Hughes Institute, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA
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Loadman PM, Calabrese CR. Separation methods for anthraquinone related anti-cancer drugs. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 764:193-206. [PMID: 11817028 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The quinoid anthracycline-related anti-cancer agents represent an important group of anti-tumour drugs with a wide spectrum of activity. We review here some of the separation techniques used for the analysis of anthracyclines and related compounds. In this review we have covered a range of compounds from the early anthracycline antibiotics such as doxorubicin to the more recent anthracenediones and anthrapyrazoles such as mitoxantrone and losoxantrone, respectively. We also include novel compounds such as AQ4N and C1311, both awaiting clinical trial. Separations of the anthraquinone related anti-cancer agents are predominantly by HPLC. These separation techniques have been used for a variety of applications including drug stability, protein binding and therapeutic drug monitoring as well as detailed pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies. Pharmacokinetics, and therefore drug analysis, plays a central role in both the development of new agents and also leads to a better understanding of clinically established agents in this class. Sample preparation and extraction methods including solid-phase and liquid-liquid extraction have also been highlighted. Many anthraquinone related compounds are highly coloured and fluoresce. They are suitable for a range of detection methods including UV-Vis, electrochemical and fluorescence. The methods described are used for sometimes complex separations that are needed for the evaluation of such compounds in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Loadman
- Cancer Research Unit, University of Bradford, UK.
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Calabrese CR, Loadman PM. Analysis of the imidazoacridinone C1311 by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 690:275-81. [PMID: 9106053 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(96)00387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The imidazoacridinone C1311 has shown anti-tumour activity both in vitro and in vivo, prompting its acceptance for Phase I clinical trials. A high-performance liquid chromatography method using fluorescence detection has been developed for the analysis of C1311 in mouse and human plasma and mouse tissue samples. This method is selective, sensitive (limit of detection of 1 ng ml-1) and reproducible, with recoveries of > 90%, C1311 was stable over 8 h, at 25 degrees C, in plasma, tumour homogenate, saline and a range of buffers (pH 3.0-8.0). The compound was highly protein bound (> 90%) in plasma which may have important consequences in the pharmacokinetics of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Calabrese
- Clinical Oncology Unit, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
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8
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Rentsch KM, Schwendener RA, Hänseler E. Determination of mitoxantrone in mouse whole blood and different tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 679:185-92. [PMID: 8998559 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(96)00023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the specific determination of mitoxantrone (MTO) in whole blood and different tissues of mice (liver, heart, spleen, kidneys). MTO was extracted into dichloromethane with ametantrone (AMT) as internal standard. The different tissues were homogenised in citrate buffer (pH 3.0) containing 20% ascorbic acid. Separation of MTO and AMT was carried out using a Nucleosil C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (33%) and 0.16 M ammonium formate buffer, pH 2.7. UV detection was used at 658 nm. Baseline separation of AMT and MTO was achieved in all matrices. The calibration curves were linear in all matrices (r > 0.999) in the concentration range of 2-200 micrograms/l for whole blood and 2-700 micrograms/l for tissue homogenates, respectively. The within-day and between-day precision studies showed good reproducibility with coefficients of variation below 4.5% for whole blood and below 10% for tissue homogenates, respectively. The extraction efficiencies of MTO are 60% in whole blood and 38% in tissue homogenates. The method described is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies on the distribution of MTO in different tissues of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Rentsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
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Priston MJ, Sewell GJ. Improved LC assay for the determination of mitozantrone in plasma: analytical considerations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1994; 12:1153-62. [PMID: 7803567 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(94)00049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary method development studies on mitozantrone (MTZ) revealed a number of characteristics which were found to be important in the analysis of patient samples for pharmacokinetic studies. MTZ rapidly bound to glass, particularly at low concentrations (< 10 ng ml-1), necessitating the use of silanized glassware or polypropylene tubes for the handling of all solutions containing MTZ. MTZ was also found to react with two commonly-used antioxidants; sodium metabisulphite and EDTA. However, solutions containing MTZ were found to be stabilized by the addition of ascorbic acid (0.5% w/v). In the absence of ascorbic acid, MTZ underwent rapid, biphasic degradation in plasma at 24 and 37 degrees C, with terminal half-lives of approximately 70 h. Ascorbic acid (0.5% 2/v) was found to stabilize plasma samples containing MTZ throughout work-up procedures and during frozen storage. The addition of ascorbic acid to the sample collection vial was also necessary to prevent MTZ degradation in the eluting solvent of the solid-phase extraction system. Another important consideration was the requirement for an equilibration period of > 5 min after the addition of ametantrone (AM) internal standard to plasma samples. This was essential, since the slope of the calibration plot obtained using non-equilibrated plasma was approximately 30% of that obtained for calibration plots using equilibrated plasma, and would result in erroneous determination of MTZ plasma concentrations. The fully developed assay was rapid, precise and sensitive (relative errors at 1 ng ml-1 = 2.3%). MTZ concentrations determined using the LC method described in this report correlated well with an independently developed ELISA technique (r = 0.995, n = 20).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Priston
- FORCE Cancer Research Centre, University of Exeter, UK
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11
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High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of mitoxantrone in liposome preparations using solid-phase extraction and its application in stability studies. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Catalin J, Peloux AF, Coloma F, Payet B, Lacarelle B, Cano JP, Just-Landi S. Direct determination of mitoxantrone in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography using an automatic precolumn-switching system as sample clean-up procedure. Biomed Chromatogr 1994; 8:37-41. [PMID: 8130632 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130080110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography method which uses direct injection and a column-switching valve for determination of mitoxantrone in plasma is described. After addition of internal standard, plasma was deproteinized by adding 5-sulphosalicylic acid reagent. The supernatant was injected onto an enrichment precolumn flushed with washing solvent (methanol and water 5:95). Absorbed mitoxantrone was backflushed from the precolumn into an analytical column C18 Nucleosil 250 x 4 mm with a gradient elution (solvent A, ammonium formate buffer 1.6 M, pH 4.3; solvent B, acetonitrile and water 40:60; linear gradient from 45 to 55% of B for 30 min was programmed) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 665 nm. This method showed obvious advantages over conventional extraction procedures in terms of speed and facility of sample handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Catalin
- Laboratoire de Toxicocinétique et de Pharmacocinétique Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
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Determination of mitoxantrone using phase-selective a.c. adsorptive stripping voltammetry in a flow system with selectivity enhancement. Anal Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(92)85348-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Boros L, Cacek T, Pine RB, Battaglia AC. Distribution characteristics of mitoxantrone in a patient undergoing hemodialysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992; 31:57-60. [PMID: 1458559 DOI: 10.1007/bf00695995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profile of mitoxantrone in a patient undergoing hemodialysis is described. Significant characteristics of our patient included lymphoma with liver involvement, tumor lysis syndrome, renal and hepatic failure. Combination chemotherapy consisted of mitoxantrone, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide. Mitoxantrone plasma samples were obtained prior to dosing and at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.5, 7.0, and 12 h after the intravenous infusion of a 17-mg dose over 20 min. Serum concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The serum concentration versus time curve was consistent with a three-compartment model. However, rebounds in serum drug concentrations were detected during the last portion of dialysis and after its completion. The gamma elimination half-life could not be determined due to the continued detection of rebounds in drug concentrations throughout the postdialysis sampling period. The alpha and beta distribution phases did not appear to be affected by hemodialysis. The peak mitoxantrone concentration fell within the reported range. Mitoxantrone does not appear to be eliminated by hemodialysis, and dose adjustments are not needed in patients undergoing this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boros
- Frederick Anderson Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Genesee Hospital, Rochester, New York 14607
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de Forni M, Lachau S, Huguet F, Canal P, Laurent G, Chevreau C, Roche H, Bugat R. Phase I/II pharmacokinetic study of mitoxantrone by continuous venous infusion in patients with solid tumours and lymphoproliferative diseases. Eur J Cancer 1991; 27:735-9. [PMID: 1829914 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(91)90177-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phase I and pharmacokinetic studies were performed in order to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose and the efficiency of 120 h continuous venous infusion (CVI) of mitoxantrone. 25 patients suffering from either metastatic solid tumour or refractory lymphoproliferative disease were included in the study. The starting dose was 2 mg/m2 per day and was increased by a 0.2 mg/m2 per day step dose. The main toxicity observed was leukopenia which became limiting in more than 50% of the patients receiving 2.4 mg/m2 per day (12 mg/m2 over a 120 h period); this dose was defined as the maximal tolerated dose in these pretreated patients. One partial response and three stable diseases were observed. A plasma plateau concentration of mitoxantrone (2.13 [S.D. 0.54] micrograms/1 at 2 mg/m2 per day, 2.56 [1.32] micrograms/1 at 2.2 per day and 3.46 [1.32] micrograms/l at 2.4 mg/m2 per day) was reached within 24-48 h. It was linearly related to the administered dose. The mean plasma clearance of mitoxantrone was 27.8 [14.2] l/h/m2 and the volume of distribution of the beta phase averaged 2327 [2125] l/m2. An inverse relationship was established between the mitoxantrone clearance and the degree of hematologic toxicity. This 120 h CVI mitoxantrone schedule was safe and could be repeated every 3 weeks in an outpatient setting. The relationship between mitoxantrone clearance and the drug related haematotoxicity could be used for an individual dose adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de Forni
- Centre Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
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de Vries AJ, Nooter K. Quantification of mitoxantrone in bone marrow by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 563:435-42. [PMID: 2056008 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80053-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of mitoxantrone in bone marrow was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The extraction procedure was optimized by investigating several factors which potentially could influence the recovery of mitoxantrone from bone marrow cells. The mean recovery of mitoxantrone from rat bone marrow was found to be 81.7% with a coefficient of variation 3.8%. High-performance liquid chromatography was carried out to quantitate mitoxantrone using ametantrone as internal standard. The detection limit of our analytical method amounts to 100 pg on-column, corresponding to 1 ng/ml of cell suspension containing 2 x 10(7) cells and a day-to-day variation of maximally 8%. Storage of bone marrow samples, containing mitoxantrone, for one to fourteen days resulted in a mean recovery of 94%, as compared to freshly analysed samples. Subsequently we studied the pharmacokinetics of mitoxantrone in rat bone marrow. It appeared that after an intravenous bolus injection of mitoxantrone (2.5 mg/kg) in rats, the drug accumulated in the femoral bone marrow for about four days, and thereafter gradually declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J de Vries
- Institute of Applied Radiobiology and Immunology TNO, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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Hu OY, Chang SP, Song YB, Chen KY, Law CK. Novel assay method for mitoxantrone in plasma, and its application in cancer patients. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 532:337-50. [PMID: 2084130 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone is an anthracene derivative that acts as a cytostatic in a variety of cancers. A quantitative analytical method has been established for the determination of mitoxantrone in plasma. The method employed C18 reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography with an isocratic mobile phase of 50.0% methanol in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) plus 0.09% 1-pentanesulphonic acid and ultraviolet detection. Sample preparation consisted of two extraction steps using same organic solvent system at different pH to remove plasma impurities efficiently. Potential adsorption of mitoxantrone onto glassware was considered. Silanization of all glassware with 5% dichlorodimethylsilane in chloroform increased the extraction recovery in plasma from 50 to 85% with high reproducibility. Mitoxantrone was unstable in human plasma. To maintain plasma sample integrity, each millilitre of sample should be fortified with 0.1 ml of 5% vitamin C (in citrate buffer) and kept frozen until analysis. Using this new method, the calibration curve of mitoxantrone in plasma in the range of interest (1-500 ng/ml) showed good linearity (r = 0.996) and precision (both between-day and within-day coefficients of variation less than 10%). The lower detection limit of this assay method was 1 ng. The application of this method allowed us to study the stability of mitoxantrone in plasma, and the pharmacokinetics of mitoxantrone in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving 12 mg/m2. The study revealed a prolonged terminal phase half-life for mitoxantrone.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Hu
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Republic of China
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Abstract
The present review on the methods for the analysis of anticancer drugs should be seen as an addition to the excellent work of Eksborg and Ehrsson published half a decade ago in this journal (Vol. 340, p.31). The style and format have been followed closely, with the focus again on chromatographic techniques. We felt it important to add a list of compound (group) structures as a service to the reader. Methods have been reviewed for alkylating agents, platinum compounds, antitumour antibiotics, antimetabolites, alkaloids, suramin, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate and tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- U R Tjaden
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lunte SM, Radzik DM, Kissinger PT. An introduction to the study of xenobiotic metabolism using electroanalytical techniques. J Pharm Sci 1990; 79:557-67. [PMID: 2204699 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600790703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Lunte
- Center for Bioanalytical Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66046
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Abstract
Mitoxantrone is a substituted anthraquinone with considerable activity against human acute leukemia. The authors' goal was to treat patients with continuous infusion mitoxantrone in order to maintain cytotoxic steady state levels with acceptable toxicity and to assess the results. Daily mitoxantrone levels showed a mean steady state plasma level of 16.8 +/- 1.4 ng/ml (range, 9.1-25.1) with a systemic clearance of 519 +/- 47 ml/minute/m2. No drug accumulation occurred. Mitoxantrone was undetectable 24 hours postinfusion. All patients, including two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast phase, had greater than 90% reduction in leukemia cell mass (marrow cellularity X percent leukemia cells) by day 6. However, six patients received 3 days of etoposide at that point because of residual acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Overall four patients (36%) had a complete remission; one additional patient had a bone marrow remission but also had a persistent granulocytic sarcoma. Toxicities included severe but tolerable myelosuppression, mucositis, and hepatic dysfunction. There was no correlation between mitoxantrone levels, toxicity, or clinical response. Continuous infusion produces cytotoxic plasma mitoxantrone levels and rapid clearing of ANLL from bone marrow. Further dose escalation may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Kaminer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois
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Radzik DM, Lunte SM. Application of Liquid Chromatography/Electrochemistry in Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Analysis: A Critical Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/10408348908050070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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