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Vahabi M, Ebrahimzadeh H, Zendehdel R, Jalilian N, Khodakarim S. Selective Determination of n-Hexane and Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) in Urine by Magnetic-Silica Aerogel-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) with Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2128364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Vahabi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Zendehdel
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Jalilian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Pacenti M, Dugheri S, Traldi P, Degli Esposti F, Perchiazzi N, Franchi E, Calamante M, Kikic I, Alessi P, Bonacchi A, Salvadori E, Arcangeli G, Cupelli V. New automated and high-throughput quantitative analysis of urinary ketones by multifiber exchange-solid phase microextraction coupled to fast gas chromatography/negative chemical-electron ionization/mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED METHODS & MANAGEMENT IN CHEMISTRY 2010; 2010:972926. [PMID: 20628512 PMCID: PMC2902044 DOI: 10.1155/2010/972926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present research is focused on automation, miniaturization, and system interaction with high throughput for multiple and specific Direct Immersion-Solid Phase Microextraction/Fast Gas Chromatography analysis of the urinary ketones. The specific Mass Spectrometry instrumentation, capable of supporting such the automated changeover from Negative Chemical to Electron Ionization mode, as well as the automation of the preparation procedure by new device called MultiFiber Exchange, through change of the fibers, allowed a friendly use of mass spectrometry apparatus with a number of advantages including reduced analyst time and greater reproducibility (2.01-5.32%). The detection limits for the seven ketones were less than 0.004 mg/L. For an innovative powerful meaning in high-throughput routine, the generality of the structurally informative Mass Spectrometry fragmentation patterns together with the chromatographic separation and software automation are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pacenti
- Occupational Health Division, Department of Public Health, Viale Morgagni 48, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Dugheri
- Occupational Health Division, Department of Public Health, Viale Morgagni 48, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Traldi
- CNR-Istitute of Molecular Science and Technologies, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Franchi
- Organic Chemistry Department/ProtEra Srl (Spin Off of Magnetic Resonance Center), Via Lastruccia 13, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Calamante
- Organic Chemistry Department/ProtEra Srl (Spin Off of Magnetic Resonance Center), Via Lastruccia 13, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Ireneo Kikic
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Raw Materials Engineering (DICAMP), Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Alessi
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Raw Materials Engineering (DICAMP), Piazzale Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Bonacchi
- Occupational Health Division, Department of Public Health, Viale Morgagni 48, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Salvadori
- Occupational Health Division, Department of Public Health, Viale Morgagni 48, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Arcangeli
- Occupational Health Division, Department of Public Health, Viale Morgagni 48, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cupelli
- Occupational Health Division, Department of Public Health, Viale Morgagni 48, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy
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3
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Konidari C, Stalikas C, Karayannis M. Gas chromatographic method for the sensitive determination of 2,5-hexanedione using electron capture and mass-selective detection. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rosenfeld JM. Solid-phase analytical derivatization: enhancement of sensitivity and selectivity of analysis. J Chromatogr A 1999; 843:19-27. [PMID: 10399851 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Analytical derivatizations enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of determinations for organic compounds. Classical techniques are often based on solution chemistry. Most modern sample preparation techniques, however, are based on solid-phase extractions. Solid-phase analytical derivatization bridges this gap and facilitates sample preparation by combining the isolation step with the derivatization. The solid-phase retains both reagents and derivatized analytes and often permits facile separation of excess reagent or selective elution of the desired products. The most recent solid-phase extraction techniques have been used in conjunction with analytical derivatization to automate the analysis. In this review, analytical derivatizations are presented as functional group analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Breckenridge SM, Yin X, Rosenfeld JM, Yu YH. Analytical derivatizations of volatile and hydrophilic carbonyls from aqueous matrix onto a solid phase of a polystyrene-divinylbenzene macroreticular resin. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 694:289-96. [PMID: 9252042 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and derivatization of carbonyls to benzyloximes, pentafluorobenzyloximes or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones is simplified and reaction times are substantially reduced by simultaneous sorption and derivatization from aqueous solution onto a solid phase. In this reaction a macroreticular polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin acts as a sorbent and catalyst to allow simultaneous extraction and derivatization of hydrophilic and lipophilic aldehydes and ketones from simple as well as complex matrices including plasma. Conversion to the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones or pentafluorobenzyloximation at ambient temperature requires 10 and 20 min, respectively. These reaction conditions correspond to at least a 6-fold reduction in reaction times for derivatization of the reactive aldelhydes and a 36-72-fold reduction for preparation of derivatives for the slower reacting ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Breckenridge
- Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
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Filser JG, Csanády GA, Dietz W, Kessler W, Kreuzer PE, Richter M, Störmer A. Comparative estimation of the neurotoxic risks of N-hexane and N-heptane in rats and humans based on the formation of the metabolites 2,5-hexanedione and 2,5-heptanedione. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 387:411-27. [PMID: 8794236 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9480-9_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Filser
- GSF-Institute of Toxicology, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Gori G, Bartolucci GB, Sturaro A, Parvoli G, Doretti L, Troiano R, Casetta B. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urinary 2,5-hexanedione as mono-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone using ultraviolet detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 673:165-72. [PMID: 8611949 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The good correlation between exposure to n-hexane and 2,5-hexanedione urinary excretion confers on this diketone an important toxicological meaning. this paper proposes a reversed-phase HPLC method which includes, after acid hydrolysis, a derivatization step of 2,5-hexanedione with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine at 70 degrees C for 20 min. The reaction conditions, such as temperature, reagent concentration and time, are optimized so as to allow the condensation of a single carbonyl group. A linear response was obtained in the 0.19-20.0 mg/l range with a detection limit of 0.03 mg/l, corresponding to a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. A phosphate buffer (pH 3.3)-acetonitrile mixture (50:50) as the eluent and UV detection at 334 nm were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gori
- Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Padova, Italy
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van Engelen JG, Kezić S, de Haan W, Opdam JJ, de Wolff FA. Determination of 2,5-hexanedione, a metabolite of n-hexane, in urine: evaluation and application of three analytical methods. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 667:233-40. [PMID: 7663695 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00029-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three methods for the determination of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) in urine were compared in order to assess their applicability for toxicokinetic studies and biological monitoring of occupational exposure to n-hexane. Two of them were based on derivatization, followed by gas chromatography and electron-capture detection. Of these two, one is a modification of the other, already published, method. The third one involves direct extraction of 2,5-HD followed by gas chromatography and flame-ionization detection. To determine 2,5-HD in urine of workers occupationally exposed to n-hexane, the most straightforward method, direct extraction of 2,5-HD from urine, has been proven to be the most suitable. However, in case of very low concentrations of 2,5-HD in urine, or analysis of small samples of blood, e.g. in kinetic studies, it is necessary to use a more sensitive procedure. The sensitivity of the methods based on the derivatization of 2,5-HD followed by electron-capture detection, was, as expected, much higher in terms of analytical reliability. By using these methods, however, precautions are necessary to avoid a matrix effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G van Engelen
- University of Amsterdam, Coronel Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Human Toxicology, Netherlands
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Cancilla DA, Que Hee SS. O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride: a versatile reagent for the determination of carbonyl-containing compounds. J Chromatogr A 1992; 627:1-16. [PMID: 1487522 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)87181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A review on the use of O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA) for the determination of carbonyl-containing compounds is presented. PFBHA has been used in the determination of such diverse compounds as thromboxane B2, prostaglandins, amygdalin and a variety of other aldehydes, ketones and acids. PFBHA has been used for the determination of these compounds found in water, blood, urine, air and even clothing. The review covers literature referenced in Chemical Abstracts from 1975, when PFBHA was first synthesized, through March 1992.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Cancilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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