1
|
Belal FF, Sharaf El-Din MK, Tolba MM, Elmansi H. Determination of Two Ternary Mixtures for Migraine Treatment Using HPLC Method with Ultra Violet Detection. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.957317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
2
|
Vancea S, Gáll Z, Donáth-Nagy G, Borka-Balás R. Rapid LC-MS/MS method for determination of drotaverine in a bioequivalence study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:417-23. [PMID: 25005892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of the antispasmodic drug drotaverine in human plasma was developed and validated according to the current bioanalytical guidelines. The internal standard used was imipramine. The separation was performed on a Kinetex C18 50×3mm, 2.6μm column under isocratic conditions using a mobile phase of 65:35 (v/v) formic acid 0.2% (v/v) in water and acetonitrile at 40°C with a flow rate of 0.4ml/min. The detection of drotaverine and the internal standard was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using an ion trap mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization, operating in positive mode. The human plasma samples (0.24ml) were deproteinized with methanol and aliquots of 4μl from supernatants obtained after centrifugation were directly injected into the chromatographic system. The method shows a good linearity (r(2)>0.997), precision (CV<6.3%) and accuracy (bias<5.4%) over the range of 2.24-448ng/ml drotaverine in plasma. The recovery was between 91 and 98%. The limit of quantification was 2.24ng/ml. The analysis required only a 3.0min run. The developed and validated method for the determination of drotaverine in human plasma was successfully applied in a bioequivalence study, for analyzing approximately 1000 subject's samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szende Vancea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, Romania; PharmaQuest Ltd. Bioanalytical Laboratory, Romania
| | - Zsolt Gáll
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Doctoral School, Romania.
| | - Gabriella Donáth-Nagy
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, Romania
| | - Réka Borka-Balás
- PharmaQuest Ltd. Bioanalytical Laboratory, Romania; University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thummala VRR, Tharlapu SSJM, Rekulapalli VK, Ivaturi MR, Nittala SR. Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Drotaverine Impurities in API and Pharmaceutical Formulation. Sci Pharm 2014; 82:99-115. [PMID: 24634845 PMCID: PMC3951236 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1309-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive, stability-indicating gradient RP-HPLC method with PDA detection has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of drotaverine impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and pharmaceutical formulations. Efficient chromatographic separation was achieved on an XTerra RP18, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column using gradient elution at 230 nm detection wavelength. The optimized mobile phase consisted of a 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer of pH 3.0 as solvent A and acetonitrile as solvent B. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 mL min(-1) with a column temperature of 25°C. The method showed linearity over the range of 0.251-10.033 μg/mL, 0.231-9.995 μg/mL, 0.230-10.089 μg/mL, 0.334-10.011 μg/mL, and 0.324-10.050 μg/mL for impurities 1, 2, 3, 4, and drotaverine, respectively, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999. The relative retention times and relative response factors of impurities 1, 2, 3, 4 were 0.36, 0.90, 1.42, 1.55 and 1.04, 0.84, 1.10, 1.30, respectively. The drotaverine formulation sample was subjected to the stress conditions of acid, base, oxidative, thermal, humidity, and photolytic degradation. Drotaverine was found to degrade significantly in peroxide, base, and heat stress conditions. The degradation products were well-resolved from drotaverine and its impurities. The peak purity test results confirmed that the drotaverine peak was homogenous and pure in all stress samples and the mass balance was found to be more than 98%, thus proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, and robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veera Raghava Raju Thummala
- Analytical Research and Development, Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bachupally, Hyderabad-500 072, India
| | | | - Vijay Kumar Rekulapalli
- Analytical Research and Development, Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bachupally, Hyderabad-500 072, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Issa YM, Hassouna MEM, Zayed AG. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PARACETAMOL, CAFFEINE, DOMPERIDONE, ERGOTAMINE TARTRATE, PROPYPHENAZONE, AND DROTAVERINE HCL BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.629387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousry M. Issa
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | | | - Ashraf G. Zayed
- c Head of Quality Control Department , October Pharma Co., 6th October City , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dahivelkar PP, Bhoir SI, Bari SB, Surana SJ, Bhagwat AM. Simultaneous Determination of Diclofenac Potassium and Drotaverine Hydrochloride in Human Plasma using Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:694-701. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
6
|
Jain R, Vikas, Rather JA. Voltammetric behaviour of drotaverine hydrochloride in surfactant media and its enhancement determination in Tween-20. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 82:333-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Zayed S, Issa Y. Cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry of drotaverine hydrochloride and its determination in tablets and human urine by differential pulse voltammetry. Bioelectrochemistry 2009; 75:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Kharitonov SV, Zarembo VI. An ion-selective electrode for quantitative analysis of therapeutic formulations of No-Shpa. Pharm Chem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-008-0114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
9
|
El-Wasseef DR, El-Sherbiny D, Eid M, Belal F. Spectrofluorometric Determination of Drotaverine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802350542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Panigrahi D, Sharma R. Development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of drotaverine and omeprazole in a tablet dosage form. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.20.2008.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Ziyatdinova GK, Samigullin AI, Budnikov GK. Voltammetric determination of papaverine and drotaverine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934807080138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Amin AS, El-Sheikh R, Zahran F, Gouda AAEF. Spectrophotometric determination of pipazethate HCl, dextromethorphan HBr and drotaverine HCl in their pharmaceutical preparations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 67:1088-93. [PMID: 17092767 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple, accurate and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method is proposed for the rapid determination of pipazethate hydrochloride, dextromethorphan hydrobromide and drotaverine hydrochloride using chromotrope 2B (C2B) and chromotrope 2R (C2R). The method consists of extracting the formed ion-associates into chloroform in the case of pipazethate HCl and dextromethorphan HBr or into methylene chloride in the case of drotaverine HCl. The ion-associates exhibit absorption maxima at 528, 540 and 532 nm with C2B and at 526, 517 and 522 nm with C2R for pipazethate HCl, dextromethorphan HBr and drotaverine HCl, respectively. The calibration curves resulting from the measurements of absorbance-concentration relations (at the optimum reaction conditions) of the extracted ion-pairs are linear over the concentration range 4.36-52.32 microg mL(-1) for pipazethate, 3.7-48.15 microg mL(-1) for dextromethorphan and 4.34-60.76 microg mL(-1) for drotaverine, respectively. The effect of acidity, reagent concentration, time, solvent and stoichiometric ratio of the ion-associates were estimated. The molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity of the reaction products were calculated. Statistical treatment of the results reflects that the procedure is precise, accurate and easily applied for the determination of the drugs under investigation in pure form and in their pharmaceutical preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Amin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ibrahim H, Issa YM, Abu-Shawish HM. Improving the detection limits of antispasmodic drugs electrodes by using modified membrane sensors with inner solid contact. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:8-15. [PMID: 17383844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three coated wire electrodes (CWEs) for the antispasmodic drugs; dicyclomine (Dc), mebeverine (Mv) and drotaverine (Dv) hydrochlorides were developed. Each electrode based on ion-associate of a heteropoly anion with the drug cation incorporated in membrane sensor modified with graphite and deposited on silver internal solid contact. The influence of addition of graphite to the membranes and the type of the internal solid contact on the potentiometric responses of the electrodes was investigated. The characteristics of the new electrodes were compared to the characteristics of previously reported traditional liquid inner contact electrodes of the same drugs. The lower detection limits of the proposed electrodes were somewhat better than those observed with the corresponding liquid contact ISEs and reached (1.2-2.0)x10(-7)M. The potentiometric selectivity of the CWEs revealed a significant improvement and much faster response times compared to the liquid contact ISEs. The practical utility of each electrode has been demonstrated by using it successfully in potentiometric determination of its respective drug in pharmaceutical preparations both in batch and flow injection conditions. Each electrode was also used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of the drug against standard silicotungstic acid and in potentiometric determination of the drug concentration in urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosny Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 111214, Egypt.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdellatef HE, Ayad MM, Soliman SM, Youssef NF. Spectrophotometric and spectrodensitometric determination of paracetamol and drotaverine HCl in combination. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 66:1147-51. [PMID: 17045518 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2006] [Revised: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography, first derivative, ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry and Vierordt's method have been developed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol and drotaverine HCl. TLC densitometric method depends on the difference in Rf values using ethyl acetate:methanol:ammonia (100:1:5 v/v/v) as a mobile phase. The spots of the two drugs were scanned at 249 and 308 nm over concentration ranges of 60-1200 microg/ml and 20-400 microg/ml with mean percentage recovery 100.11%+/-1.91 and 100.15%+/-1.87, respectively. The first derivative spectrophotometric method deals with the measurements at zero-crossing points 259 and 325 nm with mean percentage recovery 99.25%+/-1.08 and 99.45%+/-1.14, respectively. The ratio spectra first derivative technique was used at 246 and 305 nm with mean percentage recovery 99.75%+/-1.93 and 99.08%+/-1.22, respectively. Beer's law for first derivative and ratio spectra derivative methods was obeyed in the concentration range 0.8-12.8 and 0.4-6.4 microg/ml of paracetamol and drotaverine HCl, respectively. Vierordt's method was applied to over come the overlapping of paracetamol and drotaverine HCl in zero-order spectra in concentration range 2-26 and 2-40 microg/ml respectively. The suggested methods were successfully applied for the analysis of the two drugs in laboratory prepared mixtures and their pharmaceutical formulation. The validity of the methods was assessed by applying the standard addition technique. The obtained results were statistically agreed with those obtained by the reported method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham E Abdellatef
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kharitonov SV. Membrane drotaverine-selective electrodes based on tetraphenylborate derivatives: Electrochemical, adsorption, and transport properties and analytical application. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934806090115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
El-Saharty YS, Metwaly FH, Refaat M, El-Khateeb SZ. Application of new membrane selective electrodes for the determination of drotaverine hydrochloride in tablets and plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:720-4. [PMID: 16469468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The construction and electrochemical response characteristics of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensors for the determination of drotaverine hydrochloride were described. The sensors are based on the use of the ion association complexes of drotaverine cation with sodium phosphotungestate (Dro-PTA) or ammonium reineckate (Dro-R) counter anions as ion exchange sites in the PVC matrix. The performance characteristics of these sensors, which were evaluated according to IUPAC recommendations, reveal a fast, stable and linear response for drotaverine over the concentration range 10(-5) to 10(-2) M with cationic slopes of 49.55 and 51.36 mV per concentration decade. The direct potentiometric determination of drotaverine hydrochloride using the proposed sensors gave average recoveries of 99.95+/-0.71 and 100.04+/-0.60 for Dro-PTA and Dro-R, respectively. The sensors are used for determination of drotaverine hydrochloride in tablets, in its mixture with caffeine and paracetamol and in plasma. Validation of the method shows suitability of the proposed sensors for use in the quality control assessment of drotaverine hydrochloride. The developed method was found to be simple, accurate and precise when compared with a reported HPLC method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S El-Saharty
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr EI-Aini St., ET-11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ayad MM, Youssef NF, Abdellatif HE, Soliman SM. A Comparative Study on Various Spectrometries with Thin Layer Chromatography for Simultaneous Analysis of Drotaverine and Nifuroxazide in Capsules. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:807-13. [PMID: 16755048 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three spectrophotometric methods including Vierordt's method, derivative, ratio spectra derivative, and thin layer chromatography (TLC)-UV densitometric method were developed for simultaneous determination of drotaverine HCl (DRT) and nifuroxazide (NIF) in presence of its impurity, 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide (4-HBH). In Vierordt's method, (E(1 cm)(1%)) values were calculated at 227 and 368 nm in the zero-order spectra of DRT and NIF. By derivative spectrophotometry, the zero-crossing method, drotaverine HCl was determined using the second derivative at 245 nm and the third derivative at 238 nm, while nifuroxazide was determined using the first derivative at 399 nm and the second derivative at 411 nm. The ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry is based on the measure of the amplitude at 459 nm for DRT and at 416 nm for NIF in the first derivative of the ratio spectra. Calibration graphs of the three spectrophotometric methods were plotted in the range 1-10 microg/ml of DRT and 2-20 microg/ml of NIF. TLC-UV densitometric method was achieved on silica gel plates using ethyl acetate : methanol : ammonia 33% (10 : 1 : 0.1 v/v/v) as the mobile phase. The Rf values were 0.74, 0.50, 0.30+/-0.01 for DRT, NIF and 4-HBH, respectively. On the fluorescent plates, the spots were located by fluorescence quenching and the densitometrical area were measured at 308 and 287 nm with linear range 0.2-4 microg/spot and 0.6-12 microg/spot for DRT and NIF, respectively. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the commercial pharmaceutical formulation without any interference of excipients. Mean recoveries, relative standard deviations and the results of the proposed methods were compared with those obtained by applying the alternate methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Mohammed Ayad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kharitonov SV. Transport properties and electroanalytical response characteristics of drotaverine ion-selective sensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1642-51. [PMID: 16007441 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The construction and electroanalytical response characteristics of poly(vinyl chloride) matrix ion-selective sensors (ISSs) for drotaverine hydrochloride are described. The membranes incorporate ion-association complexes of drotaverine with tetraphenylborate, picrate, tetraiodomercurate, tetraiodobismuthate, Reinecke salt, and heteropolycompounds of Keggin structure-molybdophosphoric acid, tungstophosphoric acid, molybdosiliconic acid and tungstosiliconic acid as electroactive materials for ionometric sensor controls. These ISSs have a linear response to drotaverine hydrochloride over the range 8 x 10(-6) to 5 x 10(-2) mol L(-1) with cationic slopes from 51 to 58 mV per concentration decade. These ISSs have a fast response time (up to 1 min), a low determination limit (down to 4.3 x 10(-6) mol L(-1)), good stability (3-5 weeks), and reasonable selectivity. Permeabilities and ion fluxes through a membrane were calculated for major and interfering ions. Dependences of the transport properties of the membranes on the concentrations of the ion exchanger and near-membrane solution and their electrochemical characteristics are presented. The ISSs were used for direct potentiometry and potentiometric titration (sodium tetraphenylborate) of drotaverine hydrochloride. Results with mean accuracy of 99.1+/-1.0% of nominal were obtained which corresponded well to data obtained by use of high-performance liquid chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Kharitonov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky pr. 26, Saint-Petersburg 190013, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ibrahim H, Issa YM, Abu‐Shawish HM. Potentiometric Flow Injection Analysis of Drotaverine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations. ANAL LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200043465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
20
|
Bolaji OO, Onyeji CO, Ogundaini AO, Olugbade TA, Ogunbona FA. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of drotaverine in humans. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1996; 21:217-21. [PMID: 8980918 DOI: 10.1007/bf03189716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of drotaverine was studied in 10 healthy volunteers after administration of single 80 mg oral and intravenous doses of the HCl salt of the drug, in a crossover fashion. Plasma and urine samples were analyzed for the unchanged drug by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters, such as elimination half-life, plasma clearance, renal clearance and apparent volume of distribution, were not influenced by the route of drug administration. The drug was mainly eliminated by non-renal routes since renal clearance accounted for only 0.31 +/- 0.13% of the total plasma clearance. The absolute bioavailability was variable and ranged from 24.5-91% with a mean of 58.2 +/- 18.2% (mean +/- SD). It is suggested that the high variation in the bioavailability of drotaverine HCl after oral administration may result in significant interindividual differences in therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O O Bolaji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|