1
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Kim DB, Nam TG, Lee S, Kim S, Seo DW, Yoo M. Quantification of 21 free amino acids in traditional and nontraditional soybean pastes. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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2
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Cioates Negut C, Stefan‐van Staden R, Harja F, Staden JF. Pattern Recognition of Amino Acids in Wines. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cioates Negut
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLABNational Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter Bucharest Romania
| | - Raluca‐Ioana Stefan‐van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLABNational Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter Bucharest Romania
| | - Florian Harja
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity Politehnica Bucharest Bucharest Romania
| | - Jacobus Frederick Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLABNational Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter Bucharest Romania
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Arora R, S. NK, S. S, Fairoze MN, Kaur M, Sharma A, Girdhar Y, M. SR, Devatkal SK, Ahlawat S, Vijh RK, S. MS. Transcriptome profiling of longissimus thoracis muscles identifies highly connected differentially expressed genes in meat type sheep of India. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217461. [PMID: 31170190 PMCID: PMC6553717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the muscle transcriptome profile of Bandur breed, a consumer favoured, meat type sheep of India. The transcriptome was compared to the less desirable, unregistered local sheep population, in order to understand the molecular factors related to muscle traits in Indian sheep breeds. Bandur sheep have tender muscles and higher backfat thickness than local sheep. The longissimus thoracis transcriptome profiles of Bandur and local sheep were obtained using RNA sequencing (RNA Seq). The animals were male, non-castrated, with uniform age and reared under similar environment, as well as management conditions. We could identify 568 significantly up-regulated and 538 significantly down-regulated genes in Bandur sheep (p≤0.05). Among these, 181 up-regulated and 142 down-regulated genes in Bandur sheep, with a fold change ≥1.5, were considered for further analysis. Significant Gene Ontology terms for the up-regulated dataset in Bandur sheep included transporter activity, substrate specific transmembrane, lipid and fatty acid binding. The down-regulated activities in Bandur sheep were mainly related to RNA degradation, regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascades and innate immune response. The MAPK signaling pathway, Adipocytokine signaling pathway and PPAR signaling pathway were enriched for Bandur sheep. The highly connected genes identified by network analysis were CNOT2, CNOT6, HSPB1, HSPA6, MAP3K14 and PPARD, which may be important regulators of energy metabolism, cellular stress and fatty acid metabolism in the skeletal muscles. These key genes affect the CCR4-NOT complex, PPAR and MAPK signaling pathways. The highly connected genes identified in this study, form interesting candidates for further research on muscle traits in Bandur sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Arora
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Naveen Kumar S.
- Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudarshan S.
- Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohamed Nadeem Fairoze
- Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Anju Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Yashila Girdhar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sreesujatha R. M.
- Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sonika Ahlawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Vijh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Manjunatha S. S.
- Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Bhat MH, Fayaz M, Kumar A, Dar AA, Jain AK. Chromatographic Method for Determination of the Amino Acid Content in Dioscorea bulbifera L. Tubers by RP-HPLC. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study was carried out for determination of amino acid content in tubers of Dioscorea bulbifera using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The method involved the vapor phase hydrolysis of the sample, automated derivatisation of the amino acids with the aid of AccQ-Fluor reagent kit, separated on a high performance liquid chromatography equipped with photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) at 254 nm having column temperature of 37 ºC. Results: The proportional molar concentration for each amino acid was calculated based on the concentration of standard amino acids and expressed as μg amino acid/mg sample. Methionine, aspartic acid and leucine were major components while as tyrosine was found minor from the plant on dry weight basis. Conclusion: The method is reliable, simple and economical for determining the amino acid content of Dioscorea bulbifera tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mufida Fayaz
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Ethnobiology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, India
| | - Alamgir Ahmad Dar
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis, Sher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST‐K), Srinagar, J&K- 180009, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jain
- Institute of Ethnobiology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, India
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Hasanzadeh M, Sadeghi S, Bageri L, Mokhtarzadeh A, karimzadeh A, Shadjou N, Mahboob S. Poly-dopamine-beta-cyclodextrin: A novel nanobiopolymer towards sensing of some amino acids at physiological pH. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:343-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Hasanzadeh M, Karimzadeh A, Shadjou N, Mokhtarzadeh A, Bageri L, Sadeghi S, Mahboob S. Graphene quantum dots decorated with magnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis, electrodeposition, characterization and application as an electrochemical sensor towards determination of some amino acids at physiological pH. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:814-830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Bosch L, Alegría A, Farré R. RP-HPLC Determination of Tiger Nut and Orgeat Amino Acid Contents. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013205051266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid profile of 11 samples of tiger nuts ( Cyperus esculentusL.) grown in the area of “L'Horta Nord” in Valencia (Spain) and one sample of African origin were determined, along with the amino acid contents of 10 samples of natural orgeat from Valencia. Protein was hydrolysed by hydrochloric acid at 110 °C for 23 h, and amino acids were derivatised with AQC and determined by RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection. The chromatographic conditions were optimised. The analytical parameters (detection and quantification limits, precision and accuracy) showed the method to be sufficiently sensitive and reproducible for determining amino acids resistant to acid hydrolysis in tiger nuts and orgeat. Arginine was the most abundant amino acid in both tiger nuts and orgeat and the lowest contents corresponding to histidine and tyrosine. The essential amino acid contents of tiger nuts and orgeat protein were greater than those proposed in the protein standard for adults by the FAO/WHO, with the exception of histidine. No significant differences were found among the arginine, lysine and isoleucine amino acid contents in tiger nuts from Valencia, Alboraya and Alm‡ssera; nor were they found among amino acids in tiger nuts from Valencia and Alm‡ssera, with the exception of tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, University of Valencia. Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - R. Farré
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, University of Valencia. Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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8
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Wahl O, Holzgrabe U. Amino acid analysis for pharmacopoeial purposes. Talanta 2016; 154:150-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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A metabolomics approach to identify and quantify the phytochemicals in watermelons by quantitative 1HNMR. Talanta 2016; 153:268-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Chen J, Hou W, Han B, Liu G, Gong J, Li Y, Zhong D, Liao Q, Xie Z. Target-based metabolomics for the quantitative measurement of 37 pathway metabolites in rat brain and serum using hydrophilic interaction ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2527-42. [PMID: 26873199 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids, neurotransmitters, purines, and pyrimidines are bioactive molecules that play fundamental roles in maintaining various physiological functions. Their metabolism is closely related to the health, growth, development, reproduction, and homeostasis of organisms. Most recently, comprehensive measurements of these metabolites have shown their potential as innovative approaches in disease surveillance or drug intervention. However, simultaneous measurement of these metabolites presents great difficulties. Here, we report a novel quantitative method that uses hydrophilic interaction ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS), which is highly selective, high throughput, and exhibits better chromatographic behavior than existing methods. The developed method enabled the rapid quantification of 37 metabolites, spanning amino acids, neurotransmitters, purines, and pyrimidines pathways, within 6.5 min. The compounds were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC® BEH Amide column. Serum and brain homogenate were extracted by protein precipitation. The intra- and interday precision of all of the analytes was less than 11.34 %, and the accuracy was between -11.74 and 11.51 % for all quality control (QC) levels. The extraction recoveries of serum ranged from 84.58 % to 116.43 % and those of brain samples from 80.80 % to 119.39 %, while the RSD was 14.61 % or less for all recoveries. This method was used to successfully characterize alterations in the rat brain and, in particular, their dynamics in serum. The following study was performed to simultaneously test global changes of these metabolites in a serotonin antagonist p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced anxiety and insomnia rat model to understand the effect and mechanism of PCPA. Taken together, these results show that the method is able to simultaneously monitor a large panel of metabolites and that this protocol may represent a metabolomic method to diagnose toxicological and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Waner Hou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Jin Gong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China
| | - Yemeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Danmin Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, China.
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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11
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Guo M, Shi T, Duan Y, Zhu J, Li J, Cao Y. Investigation of amino acids in wolfberry fruit (Lycium barbarum) by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Methionine production—a critical review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9893-914. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Sekimoto K, Matsuda N, Takayama M. Formation of Benzyl Carbanion in Collision-Induced Dissociation of Deprotonated Phenylalanine Homologues. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2014; 3:A0027. [PMID: 26819870 PMCID: PMC4306745 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragmentation behavior of deprotonated L-phenylalanine (Phe) and its homologues including L-homophenylalanine (HPA) and L-phenylglycine (PG) was investigated using collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry coupled with a negative ion atmospheric pressure corona discharge ionization (APCDI) technique. The deprotonated molecules [M-H](-) fragmented to lose unique neutral species, e.g., the loss of NH3, CO2, toluene and iminoglycine for [Phe-H](-); styrene and ethenamine/CO2 for [HPA-H](-); and CO2 for [PG-H](-). All of the fragmentations observed are attributable to the formation of intermediates and/or product ions which include benzyl carbanions having resonance-stabilized structures. The carbanions are formed via proton rearrangement through a transition state or via a simple dissociation reaction. These results suggest that the principal factor governing the fragmentation behavior of deprotonated Phe homologues is the stability of the intermediate and/or product ion structures.
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14
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Kim MI, Park TJ, Heo NS, Woo MA, Cho D, Lee SY, Park HG. Cell-based method utilizing fluorescent Escherichia coli auxotrophs for quantification of multiple amino acids. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2489-96. [PMID: 24475885 DOI: 10.1021/ac403429s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cell-based assay system for simultaneous quantification of the three amino acids, phenylalanine (Phe), methionine (Met), and leucine (Leu) in a single biological sample, was developed and applied in the multiplex diagnosis of three key metabolic diseases of newborn babies. The assay utilizes three Escherichia coli auxotrophs, which grow only in the presence of the corresponding target amino acids and which contain three different fluorescent reporter plasmids that produce distinguishable fluorescence signals (red, green, and cyan) in concert with cell growth. To mixtures of the three auxotrophs, immobilized on agarose gels arrayed on a well plate, is added a test sample. Following incubation, the concentrations of the three amino acids in the sample are simultaneously determined by measuring the intensities of three fluorescence signals that correspond to the reporter plasmids. The clinical utility of this assay system was demonstrated by employing it to identify metabolic diseases of newborn babies through the quantification of Phe, Met, and Leu in clinically derived dried blood spot specimens. The general strategy developed in this effort should be applicable to the design of new assay systems for the quantification of multiple amino acids derived from complex biological samples and, as such, to expand the utilization of cell-based analytical systems that replace conventional, yet laborious methods currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Il Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program), KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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15
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Dhar P, Tayade AB, Kumar J, Chaurasia OP, Srivastava RB, Singh SB. Nutritional profile of phytococktail from trans-Himalayan plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83008. [PMID: 24376624 PMCID: PMC3871620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We estimated the nutritive value, vitamin content, amino acid composition, fatty acid content, and mineral profile of a phytococktail comprising sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), and roseroot (Rhodiola imbricata) from trans-Himalaya. The free vitamin forms in the phytococktail were determined by rapid resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS). Vitamin E and B-complex vitamins were detected as the principle vitamins. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with pre-column derivatization was used for identification and quantification of amino acids. Eight essential and eleven non-essential amino acids were quantified, and the content ranged between 76.33 and 9485.67 µg/g. Among the essential amino acids, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-lysine, L-leucine, and L-histidine were found to be the dominant contributors. We also quantified the fatty acids in the phytococktail by using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) with fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) derivatization. The analysis revealed the presence of 4 major fatty acids contributing to the total lipid content. Palmitic acid was found to be the rich source of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and constituted ∼31% of the total lipid content. Among the unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), palmitoleic acid (43.47%), oleic acid (20.89%), and linoleic acid (4.31%) were prominent. The mineral profiling was carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and it was found to contain a number of important dietary mineral elements. The harsh climatic conditions, difficult terrain, and logistic constraints at high altitude regions of Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert lead to the scarcity of fresh fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the source of multiple vitamins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary minerals from the phytococktail would provide great health benefit in the stressful environment and could be used as a high value nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dhar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amol B. Tayade
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Jatinder Kumar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Om P. Chaurasia
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Ravi B. Srivastava
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shashi B. Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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Pecce R, Scolamiero E, Ingenito L, Parenti G, Ruoppolo M. Optimization of an HPLC method for phenylalanine and tyrosine quantization in dried blood spot. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1892-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Balal K, Mohammad H, Bahareh B, Ali B, Maryam H, Mozhgan Z. Zeolite Nanoparticle Modified Carbon Paste Electrode as a Biosensor for Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Tryptophan. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Noga S, Jandera P, Buszewski B. Retention Mechanism Studies of Selected Amino Acids and Vitamin B6 on HILIC Columns with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection. Chromatographia 2013; 76:929-937. [PMID: 23913976 PMCID: PMC3723975 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to investigate separation mechanism of selected "essential" amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, proline, and glycine) and vitamin B6 in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with the evaporative light scattering detection. Chromatographic measurements were made on three different HILIC columns: amide-silica (TSK-gel Amide-80), amino-silica (TSK-gel NH2-100), and cross-linked diol (Luna HILIC). The retention behaviour of the analytes was investigated as a function of different binary hydro-organic mobile phases containing 10-90 % (v/v) acetonitrile. The compounds studied were separated under isocratic and gradient conditions. The best results of tested biologically active compounds separation were obtained on the TSK-gel NH2-100 column. TSK-gel NH2 column showed mixed HILIC-ion-exchange mechanism, the highest separation efficiency and better selectivity and resolution for tested analytes than the other studied column, especially at concentration of water in mobile phase lower than 30 % (v/v). Special attention was dedicated to the study of interactions among the stationary phase, mobile phase and the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Noga
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Pavel Jandera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Gwatidzo L, Botha BM, McCrindle RI. Determination of amino acid contents of manketti seeds (Schinziophyton rautanenii) by pre-column derivatisation with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate and RP-HPLC. Food Chem 2013; 141:2163-9. [PMID: 23870943 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Defatted kernel flour from manketti seed kernels (Schinziophyton rautanenii) is an underutilised natural product. The plant grows in the wild, on sandy soils little used for agriculture in Southern Africa. The kernels are rich in protein and have a great potential for improving nutrition. The protein content and amino acid profile of manketti seed kernel were studied, using a new analytical method, in order to evaluate the nutritional value. The crude protein content of the press cake and defatted kernel flour was 29.0% and 67.5%, respectively. Leucine and arginine were found to be the most abundant essential and non-essential amino acids, respectively. The seed kernel contained 4.77 g leucine and 12.34 g arginine/100 g of defatted seed kernel flour. Methionine and proline were the least abundant essential and non-essential amino acids to with 0.23 g methionine and 0.36 g proline/100 g of defatted seed kernel flour, respectively. Validation of the pre-column derivatisation procedure with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) for the determination of amino acids was carried out. The analytical parameters were determined: linearity (0.0025-0.20 mM), accuracy of the derivatisation procedure: 86.7-109.8%, precision (method: 0.72-5.04%, instrumental: 0.14-1.88% and derivatisation: 0.15-2.94% and 0.41-4.32% for intraday and interday, respectively). Limits of detection and quantification were 6.80-157 mg/100 g and 22.7-523 mg/100 g kernel flour, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Gwatidzo
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Newborn screening of phenylketonuria using direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3159-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Bioanalytical LC separation techniques for quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:495-512. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma has become an important and essential analysis parameter in different areas of life sciences. Free amino acid concentrations in human plasma samples are generally determined by means of GC or LC after chemical derivatization followed by UV, fluorescent or MS detection of the amino acid derivatives. Derivatization of free amino acids is done either pre- or post-column, and the amino acid derivatives obtained posess improved chromatographic behavior, increased detection sensitivity and selectivity compared with non-derivatized free amino acids. This work gives an overview of different chemical derivatization methods applied and their liquid separation techniques in bioanalytical assays for quantitative free amino acid analysis in human plasma samples. Important plasma preparation procedures, pre- and post-column derivatization, and different LC separation techniques are presented.
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Zare HR, Rahmani N, Nasirizadeh N, Benvidi A. A combination of nordihydroguaiaretic acid as an electron transfer mediator and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for simultaneous electrocatalytic determination of noradrenaline, uric acid, and tryptophan. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy20761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cervantes Cianca R, Baptista M, da Silva LP, Lopes V, Vasconcelos V. Reversed-phase HPLC/FD method for the quantitative analysis of the neurotoxin BMAA (β-N-methylamino-l-alanine) in cyanobacteria. Toxicon 2012; 59:379-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Rapid LC-MS/MS profiling of protein amino acids and metabolically related compounds for large-scale assessment of metabolic phenotypes. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 828:1-11. [PMID: 22125131 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-445-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids extracted from a biological matrix can be resolved and measured using a 6-min per sample method through high-performance liquid chromatography with a short C18 column and rapid gradient using the ion-pairing reagent perfluoroheptanoic acid. LC-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions selective for each compound allows simultaneous quantification of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids and 5 metabolically related compounds. Distinct MRM transitions were also established for selective detection of the isomers leucine/isoleucine and threonine/homoserine.
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A simple method for the analysis by MS/MS of underivatized amino acids on dry blood spots from newborn screening. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1889-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Radhika V, Kost C, Mithöfer A, Boland W. Regulation of extrafloral nectar secretion by jasmonates in lima bean is light dependent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:17228-33. [PMID: 20855624 PMCID: PMC2951398 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009007107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To maximize fitness, plants need to perceive changes in their light environment and adjust their physiological responses accordingly. Whether and how such changes also affect the regulation of their defense responses against herbivores remains largely unclear. We addressed this issue by studying the secretion of extrafloral nectar (EFN) in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), which is known to be activated by the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and functions as an indirect defense mechanism against herbivores. We found that the plant's EFN secretion in response to JA was light dependent: In the dark, JA reduced EFN secretion, whereas under light conditions, JA induced EFN secretion relative to controls. This modulation was affected by the light's spectral composition [i.e., ratio of red to far-red (R:FR) radiation], but not light intensity. These findings demonstrate a unique differential effect of JA on EFN secretion depending on the ambient light conditions. Interestingly, treatment with the isoleucine-JA conjugate (JA-Ile) enhanced EFN secretion under light conditions yet did not reduce EFN secretion in the dark. Moreover, inhibition of Ile biosynthesis in light-exposed plants significantly decreased the EFN secretion rate. This reduction could be recovered by additional application of JA-Ile, suggesting that JA-Ile is the active compound required to up-regulate EFN secretion. Finally, experiments with mechanically damaged plants revealed that light was required for the formation of JA-Ile, but not of JA. These results demonstrate that in lima bean, the light environment modulates the plant's response to jasmonates as well as JA-Ile biosynthesis, which controls the subsequent EFN secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Radhika
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Kost
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Köllner TG, Lenk C, Zhao N, Seidl-Adams I, Gershenzon J, Chen F, Degenhardt J. Herbivore-induced SABATH methyltransferases of maize that methylate anthranilic acid using s-adenosyl-L-methionine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 153:1795-807. [PMID: 20519632 PMCID: PMC2923889 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.158360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Volatile methyl esters are common constituents of plant volatiles with important functions in plant defense. To study the biosynthesis of these compounds, especially methyl anthranilate and methyl salicylate, we identified a group of methyltransferases that are members of the SABATH enzyme family in maize (Zea mays). In vitro biochemical characterization after bacterial expression revealed three S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases with high specificity for anthranilic acid as a substrate. Of these three proteins, Anthranilic Acid Methyltransferase1 (AAMT1) appears to be responsible for most of the S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase activity and methyl anthranilate formation observed in maize after herbivore damage. The enzymes may also be involved in the formation of low amounts of methyl salicylate, which are emitted from herbivore-damaged maize. Homology-based structural modeling combined with site-directed mutagenesis identified two amino acid residues, designated tyrosine-246 and glutamine-167 in AAMT1, which are responsible for the high specificity of AAMTs toward anthranilic acid. These residues are conserved in each of the three main clades of the SABATH family, indicating that the carboxyl methyltransferases are functionally separated by these clades. In maize, this gene family has diversified especially toward benzenoid carboxyl methyltransferases that accept anthranilic acid and benzoic acid.
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Kim MI, Yu BJ, Woo MA, Cho D, Dordick JS, Cho JH, Choi BO, Park HG. Multiplexed Amino Acid Array Utilizing Bioluminescent Escherichia coli Auxotrophs. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4072-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100087r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Il Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Byung Jo Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Min-Ah Woo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Daeyeon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - June Hyoung Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Hyun Gyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
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Certification of NIST standard reference material 2389a, amino acids in 0.1 mol/L HCl--quantification by ID LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:511-9. [PMID: 20238103 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID LC-MS/MS) measurement procedure was developed to accurately quantify amino acid concentrations in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2389a-amino acids in 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid. Seventeen amino acids were quantified using selected reaction monitoring on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. LC-MS/MS results were compared to gravimetric measurements from the preparation of SRM 2389a-a reference material developed at NIST and intended for use in intra-laboratory calibrations and quality control. Quantitative mass spectrometry results and gravimetric values were statistically combined into NIST-certified mass fraction values with associated uncertainty estimates. Coefficients of variation (CV) for the repeatability of the LC-MS/MS measurements among amino acids ranged from 0.33% to 2.7% with an average CV of 1.2%. Average relative expanded uncertainty of the certified values including Types A and B uncertainties was 3.5%. Mean accuracy of the LC-MS/MS measurements with gravimetric preparation values agreed to within |1.1|% for all amino acids. NIST SRM 2389a will be available for characterization of routine methods for amino acid analysis and serves as a standard for higher-order measurement traceability. This is the first time an ID LC-MS/MS methodology has been applied for quantifying amino acids in a NIST SRM material.
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Knill T, Reichelt M, Paetz C, Gershenzon J, Binder S. Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a bacterial-type heterodimeric isopropylmalate isomerase involved in both Leu biosynthesis and the Met chain elongation pathway of glucosinolate formation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 71:227-39. [PMID: 19597944 PMCID: PMC2729411 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The last steps of the Leu biosynthetic pathway and the Met chain elongation cycle for glucosinolate formation share identical reaction types suggesting a close evolutionary relationship of these pathways. Both pathways involve the condensation of acetyl-CoA and a 2-oxo acid, isomerization of the resulting 2-malate derivative to form a 3-malate derivative, the oxidation-decarboxylation of the 3-malate derivative to give an elongated 2-oxo acid, and transamination to generate the corresponding amino acid. We have now analyzed the genes encoding the isomerization reaction, the second step of this sequence, in Arabidopsis thaliana. One gene encodes the large subunit and three encode small subunits of this enzyme, referred to as isopropylmalate isomerase (IPMI) with respect to the Leu pathway. Metabolic profiling of large subunit mutants revealed accumulation of intermediates of both Leu biosynthesis and Met chain elongation, and an altered composition of aliphatic glucosinolates demonstrating the function of this gene in both pathways. In contrast, the small subunits appear to be specialized to either Leu biosynthesis or Met chain elongation. Green fluorescent protein tagging experiments confirms the import of one of the IPMI small subunits into the chloroplast, the localization of the Met chain elongation pathway in these organelles. These results suggest the presence of different heterodimeric IPMIs in Arabidopsis chloroplasts with distinct substrate specificities for Leu or glucosinolate metabolism determined by the nature of the different small subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Knill
- Institut Molekulare Botanik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Max Planck Institut für Chemische Ökologie, Abteilung Biochemie, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Beutenberg Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max Planck Institut für Chemische Ökologie, Abteilung Biochemie, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Beutenberg Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institut für Chemische Ökologie, Abteilung Biochemie, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Beutenberg Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Binder
- Institut Molekulare Botanik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Woolfitt AR, Solano MI, Williams TL, Pirkle JL, Barr JR. Amino Acid Analysis of Peptides Using Isobaric-Tagged Isotope Dilution LC−MS/MS. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3979-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900367q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R. Woolfitt
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - Maria I. Solano
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - Tracie L. Williams
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - James L. Pirkle
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - John R. Barr
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
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Ramautar R, Mayboroda OA, Derks RJE, van Nieuwkoop C, van Dissel JT, Somsen GW, Deelder AM, de Jong GJ. Capillary electrophoresis-time of flight-mass spectrometry using noncovalently bilayer-coated capillaries for the analysis of amino acids in human urine. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2714-22. [PMID: 18494035 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis-time of flight-mass spectrometry (CE-TOF-MS) method for the analysis of amino acids in human urine was developed. Capillaries noncovalently coated with a bilayer of Polybrene (PB) and poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PVS) provided a considerable EOF at low pH, thus facilitating the fast separation of amino acids using a BGE of 1 M formic acid (pH 1.8). The PB-PVS coating proved to be very consistent yielding stable CE-MS patterns of amino acids in urine with favorable migration time repeatability (RSDs <2%). The relatively low sample loading capacity of CE was circumvented by an in-capillary preconcentration step based on pH-mediated stacking allowing 100-nL sample injection (i.e. ca. 4% of capillary volume). As a result, LODs for amino acids were down to 20 nM while achieving satisfactory separation efficiencies. Preliminary validation of the method with urine samples showed good linear responses for the amino acids (R(2) >0.99), and RSDs for peak areas were <10%. Special attention was paid to the influence of matrix effects on the quantification of amino acids. The magnitude of ion suppression by the matrix was similar for different urine samples. The CE-TOF-MS method was used for the analysis of urine samples of patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). Concentrations of a subset of amino acids were determined and compared with concentrations in urine of healthy controls. Furthermore, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the CE-TOF-MS dataset in the 50-450 m/z region showed a distinctive grouping of the UTI samples and the control samples. Examination of score and loadings plot revealed a number of compounds, including phenylalanine, to be responsible for grouping of the samples. Thus, the CE-TOF-MS method shows good potential for the screening of body fluids based on the analysis of endogenous low-molecular weight metabolites such as amino acids and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Gao C, Fan S. Influence of Zone Stacking Sequences on CL Intensity and Determination of Histidine in Sequential Injection Analysis. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802119152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Knill T, Schuster J, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Binder S. Arabidopsis branched-chain aminotransferase 3 functions in both amino acid and glucosinolate biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 146:1028-39. [PMID: 18162591 PMCID: PMC2259058 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, transamination steps in the leucine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways and the methionine (Met) chain elongation cycle of aliphatic glucosinolate formation are catalyzed by branched-chain aminotransferases (BCATs) that are encoded by a small gene family of six members. One member of this family, the plastid-located BCAT3, was shown to participate in both amino acid and glucosinolate metabolism. In vitro activity tests with the recombinant protein identified highest activities with the 2-oxo acids of leucine, isoleucine, and valine, but also revealed substantial conversion of intermediates of the Met chain elongation pathway. Metabolite profiling of bcat3-1 single and bcat3-1/bcat4-2 double knockout mutants showed significant alterations in the profiles of both amino acids and glucosinolates. The changes in glucosinolate proportions suggest that BCAT3 most likely catalyzes the terminal steps in the chain elongation process leading to short-chain glucosinolates: the conversion of 5-methylthiopentyl-2-oxo and 6-methylthiohexyl-2-oxo acids to their respective Met derivatives, homomethionine and dihomo-methionine, respectively. The enzyme can also at least partially compensate for the loss of BCAT4, which catalyzes the initial step of Met chain elongation by converting Met to 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate. Our results show the interdependence of amino acid and glucosinolate metabolism and demonstrate that a single enzyme plays a role in both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Knill
- Institut Molekulare Botanik, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Eriksson J, Jonasson S, Papaefthimiou D, Rasmussen U, Bergman B. Improving derivatization efficiency of BMAA utilizing AccQ-Tag® in a complex cyanobacterial matrix. Amino Acids 2008; 36:43-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gu L, Jones AD, Last RL. LC−MS/MS Assay for Protein Amino Acids and Metabolically Related Compounds for Large-Scale Screening of Metabolic Phenotypes. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8067-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac070938b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry, and Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - A. Daniel Jones
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry, and Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Robert L. Last
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry, and Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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de Kraker JW, Luck K, Textor S, Tokuhisa JG, Gershenzon J. Two Arabidopsis genes (IPMS1 and IPMS2) encode isopropylmalate synthase, the branchpoint step in the biosynthesis of leucine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 143:970-86. [PMID: 17189332 PMCID: PMC1803721 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.085555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) IPMS1 (At1g18500) and IPMS2 (At1g74040) cDNAs in Escherichia coli yields isopropylmalate synthases (IPMSs; EC 2.3.3.13). These enzymes catalyze the first dedicated step in leucine (Leu) biosynthesis, an aldol-type condensation of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and 2-oxoisovalerate yielding isopropylmalate. Most biochemical properties of IPMS1 and IPMS2 are similar: broad pH optimum around pH 8.5, Mg2+ as cofactor, feedback inhibition by Leu, Km for 2-oxoisovalerate of approximately 300 microM, and a Vmax of approximately 2 x 10(3) micromol min(-1) g(-1). However, IPMS1 and IPMS2 differ in their Km for acetyl-CoA (45 microM and 16 microM, respectively) and apparent quaternary structure (dimer and tetramer, respectively). A knockout insertion mutant for IPMS1 showed an increase in valine content but no changes in Leu content; two insertion mutants for IPMS2 did not show any changes in soluble amino acid content. Apparently, in planta each gene can adequately compensate for the absence of the other, consistent with available microarray and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction data that show that both genes are expressed in all organs at all developmental stages. Both encoded proteins accept 2-oxo acid substrates in vitro ranging in length from glyoxylate to 2-oxohexanoate, and catalyze at a low rate the condensation of acetyl-CoA and 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate, i.e. a reaction involved in glucosinolate chain elongation normally catalyzed by methylthioalkylmalate synthases. The evolutionary relationship between IPMS and methylthioalkylmalate synthase enzymes is discussed in view of their amino acid sequence identity (60%) and overlap in substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Willem de Kraker
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Ozcan S, Senyuva HZ. Improved and simplified liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry method for the analysis of underivatized free amino acids in various foods. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1135:179-85. [PMID: 17027997 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An improved analytical method which offers rapid, accurate determination and identification of 22 amino acids in a variety of matrices, e.g. baby foods, juices, honey is reported. The amino acids were extracted from the matrixes using acidified water. Simultaneous determination of 22 underivatized amino acids was carried out by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). A narrow-bore column allowed rapid screening and quantitative analysis by positive LC/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) MS with only acidified mobile phase. Retention times of the 22 amino acids were in the range of ca. 0.9-7.5 min. Sample preparation without clean-up followed by fast chromatographic analysis allowed the analysis to be completed in <25 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süreyya Ozcan
- Food Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, 06532 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Ensafi AA, Hajian R. Determination of tryptophan and histidine by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry using H-point standard addition method. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 580:236-43. [PMID: 17723779 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sequential method is proposed for the determination of tryptophane and histidine by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry using standard addition and H-point standard addition method (HPSAM). The complexes of copper(II) with the amino acids were accumulated onto the surface of a hanging mercury drop electrode for 60s. Then the preconcentrated complexes were reduced by square wave voltammetry and the peak currents were measured. The effect of various parameters such as pH, concentration of copper, accumulation potential, accumulation time and scan rate on the sensitivity were studied by one-at-a time and artificial neural network. Under the optimized conditions, the peak currents at about +0.05 to -0.30 V is proportional to the concentration of tryptophan and histidine over the concentration ranges of 5-220 and 100-1200 nM, respectively. Optimization of the parameters by one-at-a time showed that at accumulation potential of 0.10 V (versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode) the peak current is proportional only to the concentration of tryptophan and histidine does not have any contribution to the current. The optimization results by artificial neural network showed that at accumulation potential of -0.06 V (versus Ag/AgCl) the peak current is proportional to the both concentrations of tryptophan and histidine. Therefore, the method of H-point standard addition has been used for resolving overlap voltamograms for determination of histidine in the present of tryptophane. The method was successfully applied to the determination of tryptophan and histidine in synthetic and real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Ensafi
- College of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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40
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Schuster J, Knill T, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Binder S. Branched-chain aminotransferase4 is part of the chain elongation pathway in the biosynthesis of methionine-derived glucosinolates in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2006; 18:2664-79. [PMID: 17056707 PMCID: PMC1626624 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.039339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As part of our analysis of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in plants, we analyzed the function of Arabidopsis thaliana BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINOTRANSFERASE4 (BCAT4). Recombinant BCAT4 showed high efficiency with Met and its derivatives and the corresponding 2-oxo acids, suggesting its participation in the chain elongation pathway of Met-derived glucosinolate biosynthesis. This was substantiated by in vivo analysis of two BCAT4 T-DNA knockout mutants, in which Met-derived aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation is reduced by approximately 50%. The increase in free Met and S-methylmethionine levels in these mutants, together with in vitro substrate specificity, strongly implicate BCAT4 in catalysis of the initial deamination of Met to 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate. BCAT4 transcription is induced by wounding and is predominantly observed in the phloem. BCAT4 transcript accumulation also follows a diurnal rhythm, and green fluorescent protein tagging experiments and subcellular protein fractions show that BCAT4 is located in the cytosol. The assignment of BCAT4 to the Met chain elongation pathway documents the close evolutionary relationship of this pathway to Leu biosynthesis. In addition to BCAT4, the enzyme methylthioalkylmalate synthase 1 has been recruited for the Met chain elongation pathway from a gene family involved in Leu formation. This suggests that the two pathways have a common evolutionary origin.
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41
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Sethuraman R, Lee TL, Chui JW, Tachibana S. Changes in amino acids and nitric oxide concentration in cerebrospinal fluid during labor pain. Neurochem Res 2006; 31:1127-33. [PMID: 16941231 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes the relationship between amino acids and pain perception during active labor. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the excitatory amino acids (EAAs)-glutamate, aspartate and their amide forms, inhibitory amino acids (IAAs)-glycine, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and taurine and nitric oxide (NO) related compounds-arginine and citrulline (by-product of NO synthesis) were compared between pregnant women at term pregnancy with labor pain (n = 38) and without labor pain (Caesarian section; n = 30). The levels of aspartate, glycine, GABA and citrulline were significantly higher; whilst taurine was significantly lower in the labor pain group. These findings suggest that aspartate and NO are associated with labor pain. An inhibitory role for the IAA taurine and a pronociceptive role for glycine in labor pain are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Sethuraman
- Department of Anaesthesia, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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42
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Brönstrup M. Absolute quantification strategies in proteomics based on mass spectrometry. Expert Rev Proteomics 2006; 1:503-12. [PMID: 15966845 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.1.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The strong need for quantitative information in proteomics has fueled the development of mass spectrometry-based analytical methods that are able to determine protein abundances. This article reviews mass spectrometry experiments aimed at providing an absolute quantification of proteins. The experiments make use of the isotope-dilution concept by spiking a known amount of synthetic, isotope-labeled reference peptide into the analyte sample. Quantification is achieved by comparing the mass spectrometry signal intensities of the reference with an endogenous peptide that is generated upon proteolytic cleavage of the target protein. In an analogous manner, the level of post-translational modification at a distinct residue within a target protein can be determined. Among the strengths of absolute quantification are low detection limits reaching subfemtomole levels, a high dynamic range spanning approximately five orders of magnitude, low requirements for sample clean-up, and a fast and straightforward method development. Recent studies have demonstrated the compatibility of absolute quantification with various mass spectrometry readout techniques and sample purification steps such as 1D gel electrophoresis, size-exclusion chromatography, isoelectric peptide focusing, strong cation exchange and reversed phase or affinity chromatography. Under ideal conditions, quantification errors and coefficients of variation below 5% have been reported. However, the fact that at the start of the experiment the analyte is a protein and the internal standard is a peptide, severe quantification errors may result due to the selection of unsuitable reference peptides and/or imperfect protein proteolysis. Within the ensemble of mass spectrometry-based quantification methods, absolute quantification is the method of choice in cases where absolute numbers, many repetitive experiments or precise levels of post-translational modifications are required for a few, preselected species of interest. Consequently, prominent application areas include biomarker quantification, the study of post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation or ubiquitination and the comparison of concentrations of interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Brönstrup
- Sanofi-Aventis, Building G878, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany.
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43
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Noguchi Y, Zhang QW, Sugimoto T, Furuhata Y, Sakai R, Mori M, Takahashi M, Kimura T. Network analysis of plasma and tissue amino acids and the generation of an amino index for potential diagnostic use. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:513S-519S. [PMID: 16470023 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.2.513s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies exist on the use of metabolic profiling of amino acids to examine underlying physiologic and disease states. OBJECTIVE We aimed to introduce a new method for studying relations among amino acids and to generate a diagnostic index, or amino index, based on amino acid concentrations. DESIGN For network analysis, 35 Fischer-344 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups and fed diets containing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 50%, or 70% protein. Amino acid concentrations in plasma and various organs were used to derive correlation coefficients that were then used to construct correlation networks. To build a diagnostic index for diabetic rats, the plasma amino acid concentrations of diabetic and normal rats were analyzed by using a novel algorithm developed to generate amino acid-based indexes. Plasma amino acid concentrations from human growth hormone transgenic rats and insulin-treated diabetic rats were used to evaluate the index obtained for diabetes. Dimethylnitrosamine-treated Sprague-Dawley rats were used to generate an index for hepatic fibrosis. RESULTS The scatter plots of plasma amino acid concentrations showed distinct patterns in different organs that were due to the different protein contents of the diets. Network analysis showed that data-driven networks for blood and tissue could be obtained. We derived a diagnostic index for the discrimination of diabetic rats with both sensitivity and specificity >97% and another surrogate index for liver hydroxyproline with a correlation of r2= 0.85. CONCLUSIONS Correlation-based network analysis may help to uncover specific physiologic conditions or states. A novel approach using amino acid molar ratios was shown to generate indexes that can be used to separate animal disease models and monitor the progression of a disease parameter. Some of the methods described here may be applicable to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Noguchi
- Research Institute for Health Fundamentals, Ajinomoto Company Inc, Kanagawa, Japan
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44
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Bosch L, Alegría A, Farré R. Application of the 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) reagent to the RP-HPLC determination of amino acids in infant foods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 831:176-83. [PMID: 16384748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The validation of a pre-column derivatization procedure with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) to the determination of the amino acid content by RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection (lambda excitation 250 nm, lambda emission 395 nm) in milk-cereal based infant foods was carried out. The analytical parameters: linearity (0.0025-0.2mM), precision of the method (0.2-3.5% variation coefficients), accuracy (derivatization: 86-106% average recovery and method: 88.3-118.2% average recovery) and the limits of detection (0.016-0.367 microM) and quantification (0.044-1.073 microM) were determined. Glutamic acid, proline and leucine were the most abundant amino acid whereas the lowest contents corresponded to tyrosine and cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Bosch
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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45
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Moghimi A, Maddah B, Yari A, Shamsipur M, Boostani M, Fall Rastegar M, Ghaderi A. Molecular recognition of amino acids with some fluorescent ditopic pyrylium- and pyridinium-based crown ether receptors. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Peris-Vicente J, Simó-Alfonso E, Gimeno Adelantado JV, Doménech Carbó MT. Direct infusion mass spectrometry as a fingerprint of protein-binding media used in works of art. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:3463-7. [PMID: 16261641 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A direct infusion mass spectrometry method for the characterization of proteinaceous glues from binding media used in pictorial works of art prior to conservation or restoration treatment is proposed. Amino acids are released by acid hydrolysis and dissolved in a mixture of acidic water and ethanol. This mixture is directly infused into a mass spectrometer without any derivatization. The mass spectrometer is operated in positive ion electrospray mode (ESI-MS) to yield [M+H](+) ions for the amino acids. Relative amounts of each amino acid are calculated for each protein (beef and porcine gelatines, albumin, casein and egg). The analyzed proteins were satisfactorily distinguished. The method is easy and fast, and shows good sensitivity and resolution. The proposed method has been successfully applied to artistic samples from items of the cultural heritage of Valencia (Spain).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peris-Vicente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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47
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Mirgorodskaya OA, Körner R, Novikov A, Roepstorff P. Absolute Quantitation of Proteins by a Combination of Acid Hydrolysis and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2004; 76:3569-75. [PMID: 15228326 DOI: 10.1021/ac035389y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantitation by mass spectrometry is increasingly used to monitor protein levels in biological samples. Most of the current methods are based on the relative comparison of protein quantities but are not suited for the determination of the absolute amount of a given protein. Here we describe a method for the absolute quantitation of proteins that is based on amino acid analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Proteins are completely hydrolyzed by acid hydrolysis and then mixed with standards of isotopically labeled amino acids. For the presented study, lysine, leucine, and two different types of labeled arginine were examined as standards. Quantitation of proteins is then achieved by measuring the ratios of labeled and unlabeled amino acids. The method has a sensitivity down to the low-femtomole range and can be applied to quantitate proteins separated by gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a mixture of two proteins can be quantitated using two labeled amino acids simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Mirgorodskaya
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
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48
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Krasikov V, Malakhova I, Degterev E, Tyaglov B. Planar chromatography of free industrial amino acids. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.17.2004.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Sethuraman R, Lee TL, Tachibana S. Simple Quantitative HPLC Method for Measuring Physiologic Amino Acids in Cerebrospinal Fluid without Pretreatment. Clin Chem 2004; 50:665-9. [PMID: 14981041 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.026195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rama Sethuraman
- Department of Anaesthesia, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
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50
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Reynolds DM. Rapid and direct determination of tryptophan in water using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2003; 37:3055-3060. [PMID: 14509692 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(03)00153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Water samples from lakes situated in and around the area of Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, were analysed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and HPLC. The spectra revealed a major emission peak (lambda emm) at 340 nm corresponding to an excitation wavelength (lambda exc) position of 280 nm and a Stoke's shift, delta lambda = 60 nm. The fluorescence intensities at these wavelengths were normalised with respect to the water Raman peak, where the lambda exc was 397 nm and the lambda emm was 453 nm, and corrections were introduced to take into account absorption/re-absorption effects of the fluorescing signals caused by the sample matrix. Normalised fluorescence values correlate well with levels of tryptophan present in the samples determined by HPLC analysis (R2 = 0.99). The relationship of the observed tryptophan-like fluorescence in the water samples to the presence of free tryptophan is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Reynolds
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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