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Hussain K, Ahmad R, Hassan S, Khan MY, Ahmad A, Alshammari MB, Ali MS, Lakho SA, Lee BI. Electrochemical detection of nalbuphine drug using oval-like ZnO nanostructure-based sensor. Anal Biochem 2024; 693:115595. [PMID: 38909770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring pharmaceutical drugs in various mediums is crucial to mitigate adverse effects. This study presents a chemical sensor using an oval-like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure for electrochemical detection of nalbuphine. The ZnO nanostructure, produced via an efficient sol-gel technique, was extensively characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectrophotometry, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A slurry of the ZnO nanostructure in a binder was applied to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The sensor's responsiveness to nalbuphine was assessed using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), achieving optimal performance by fine-tuning the pH. The sensor demonstrated a proportional response to nalbuphine concentrations up to 150.0 nM with a good regression coefficient (R2) and a detection limit of 6.20 nM (S/N ratio of 3). Selectivity was validated against various interfering substances, and efficacy was confirmed through real sample analysis, highlighting the sensor's successful application for nalbuphine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- 'New-Senior' Oriented Smart Health Care Education Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sohail Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Y Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj-11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed B Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj-11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Saeed A Lakho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080. Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Byeong-Il Lee
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Digital Healthcare Research Center, Institute of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Huang PW, Liu HT, Hsiong CH, Pao LH, Lu CC, Ho ST, Hu OYP. Simultaneous determination of nalbuphine and its prodrug sebacoly dinalbuphine ester in human plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study in humans. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:831-7. [PMID: 23460034 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, sensitive and selective ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of nalbuphine and its prodrug sebacoly dinalbuphine ester (SDE) was developed and validated in human plasma. The sample pretreatment involves basification and iterative liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl-ether-dichloromethane (7:3, v/v) solution, followed by LC separation and positive electrospray ionization (ESI) API-3000 mass spectrometry detection. The chromatography was on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH HILIC column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water (83:17, v/v) that contained 0.2% formic acid and 4 mm ammonium formate at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Ethylmorphine and naloxine were selected as the SDE and nalbuphine internal standard (IS), respectively. The calibration curve for both was linear over the range from 0.05 to 20 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients ≥0.995. The lower limit of quantification was set at 0.05 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision values for nalbuphine and SDE were acceptable as per FDA guidelines. The method was applied successfully to determine nalbuphine concentration in human plasma samples obtained from four Taiwanese volunteers receiving intramuscularly administration of sebacoyl dinalbuphine ester. The method is sensitive, selective and directly applicable to human pharmacokinetic studies involving nalbuphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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3
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El-Didamony AM, Ali II. New spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of the analgesic drug, nalbuphine in pharmaceutical and biological fluids. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:745-50. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akram M. El-Didamony
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig; 44511; Egypt
| | - Ismail I. Ali
- Ismailia Chemical Laboratory, Forensic Medicine Authority; Justice Ministry; Ismailia; Egypt
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4
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Cai LJ, Zhang J, Wang XM, Zhu RH, Yang J, Zhang QZ, Peng WX. Validated LC-MS/MS assay for the quantitative determination of nalbuphine in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1308-14. [PMID: 21337353 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiu-Mei Wang
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha; 410011; People's Republic of China
| | - R. H. Zhu
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha; 410011; People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - W. X. Peng
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha; 410011; People's Republic of China
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5
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Quarry MA, Williams RC, Sebastian DS. Determination of Degradation Products in Nalbuphine Hydrochloride Injection by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079808003447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Quarry
- a The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Analytical R&D Section , P.O. Box 80353, Wilmington, DE, 19880-0353, USA
| | - Reed C. Williams
- a The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Analytical R&D Section , P.O. Box 80353, Wilmington, DE, 19880-0353, USA
| | - Dolores S. Sebastian
- a The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Analytical R&D Section , P.O. Box 80353, Wilmington, DE, 19880-0353, USA
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6
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Groenendaal D, Blom-Roosemalen MCM, Danhof M, Lange ECMD. High-performance liquid chromatography of nalbuphine, butorphanol and morphine in blood and brain microdialysate samples: application to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 822:230-7. [PMID: 15996910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Revised: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive assay for quantification of nalbuphine, butorphanol and morphine in blood (50 microL) and brain microdialysate ( approximately 40 microL) samples was developed. Blood samples were extracted with ethyl acetate. Analysis was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to an electrochemical detector. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, methanol and octane-sulfonic acid with ratio and pH depending on compound and matrix. The limits of quantification in blood samples were 25, 50 and 25 ng/mL for nalbuphine, butorphanol and morphine, respectively and 0.5 ng/mL for morphine in microdialysate samples. Based on sample volume, sensitivity and reproducibility, these assays are particularly suitable for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Groenendaal
- Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Division of Pharmacology, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Determination of nalbuphine hydrochloride, methylparaben, and propylparaben in nalbuphine hydrochloride injection by high performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02467488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nicolle E, Veitl S, Guimier C, Bessard G. Modified method of nalbuphine determination in plasma: validation and application to pharmacokinetics of the rectal route. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 690:89-97. [PMID: 9106032 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(96)00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure was developed for the quantification of nalbuphine in a small volume (500 microliters) of human plasma with subsequent assay by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection using 6-monoacetylmorphine as internal standard. Plasma was extracted using Bond Elute certified extraction columns (LCR: 10 ml, 130 mg) after conditioning with methanol and 0.2 M Tris buffer (pH 8). Elution was performed with a CH2Cl2-isopropanol-NH4OH (79:20:1, v/v). The organic phase was evaporated to dryness and resuspended in HPLC mobile phase containing 2% isopropanol. Linearity was assessed over the 5-100 ng/ml concentration range and a straight line passing through the origin was obtained. Experiments with spiked plasma samples resulted in recoveries of 95 +/- 5.4% and 98 +/- 6.2% for nalbuphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine, respectively. The optimal pH conditions for the SPE were found at pH 8. The intra-day coefficients of variation (C.V.) for 5, 40, and 100 ng/ml were 5.3, 3.0 and 2.3% (n = 8) and the inter-day C.V.s were 7.7, 3.2 and 3.5% (n = 10), respectively. The detection limit for 500 microliters plasma sample was 0.02 ng/ml and the limit of quantification 0.1 ng/ml (C.V. = 12.4%). The ease of the proposed method of analysis, as well as its high accuracy and sensitivity allow its application to pharmacokinetic studies. A preliminary kinetic profile of nalbuphine after rectal administration in a pediatric patient is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nicolle
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble, France
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de Cazanove F, Kinowski JM, Audran M, Rochette A, Bressolle F. Determination of nalbuphine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Application to a pharmacokinetic study. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 690:203-10. [PMID: 9106045 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(96)00374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the measurement of nalbuphine in plasma. Separation is performed on a reversed-phase analytical column (Ultrasphere ODS, 250 x 4.6 mm I.D., particle size, 5 microns). Mobile phase consisted of methanol-phosphate buffer (20:80, v/v) (pH 3.4). Electrochemical detection was performed using an ESA Coulochem II Model 5200 electrochemical detector equipped with a Model 5020 guard cell working at 550 mV and a Model 5021 analytical cell operating in the oxidation screening mode, with the potential of the first electrode set at 60 mV and the second electrode set at 450 mV. The method involves sample clean-up by liquid-liquid extraction using a chloroform-isopropanol mixture. After centrifugation, the organic phase was back-extracted with 17 mM phosphoric acid and then the aqueous phase was injected onto the column. The limits of quantitation and detection were 0.3 and 0.1 ng/ml, respectively. The extraction recovery was 91.1 +/- 3.7%. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 10%. Stability tests under various conditions have been performed. This method has been used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of nalbuphine in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- F de Cazanove
- Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique, Hôpital Carémeau, Nîmes, France
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Bessard G, Alibeu JP, Cartal M, Nicolle E, Serre Debeauvais F, Devillier P. Pharmacokinetics of intrarectal nalbuphine in children undergoing general anaesthesia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1997; 11:133-7. [PMID: 9107559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1997.tb00180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine (0.3 mg/kg) administered by the rectal route were studied in ten children undergoing general anaesthesia for minor surgery. Blood sampling was carried out for 8 h after rectal administration and plasma drug concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection after an optimized solid-phase extraction procedure. The mean time to achieve the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax = 24 +/- 15 ng/mL) was 25 +/- 11 min and the elimination half-life was 2.7 +/- 0.7 h. The coefficients of variation for Cmax and the concentration-time curve (AUC) were 62 and 68%, respectively. Although rectal absorption is considered irregular, the large intersubject variability is also explainable by a variable hepatic bypass for a drug, like nalbuphine, that undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. No problem of analgesic efficacy or of local tolerance was reported. In conclusion, the rectal route of administration provides a rapid and reliable absorption of nalbuphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bessard
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Hôpital Michallon, CHU de Grenoble, France
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