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Biasi A, Gionta M, Pisa F, Pizzuti M, Sortino A, Immesi A, Alt JR, Zampaglione I. Enhancement of microbicidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants when combined with ultrasound technology. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae043. [PMID: 38373840 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of ultrasound technology (US) in combination with two different disinfectants (Disinfectant A and Disinfectant B), containing peracetic acid (PAA) and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), respectively, against two sporigenic pathogens, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Bacillus subtilis. METHODS AND RESULTS The microbicidal activity of the coupled treatment was compared with the use of the disinfectants alone, and the efficacy of the disinfection strategies was evaluated by the log reduction of the population of the microorganism inoculated onto stainless-steel surface. The combination treatment resulted in a log reduction of 5.40 and 3.88 (Disinfectant A + US) against A. brasiliensis and B. subtilis, at 850 and 500 ppm PAA, compared to 265 and 122 (Disinfectant A only). For Disinfectant B, in combination with US, showed a logarithmic reduction of 5.04 and 4.79 against A. brasiliensis and B. subtilis at 078% v v-1 and 392% v v-1 QACs, respectively, vs. 1.58 and 1.64 (Disinfectant B only). Moreover, no colonies or not statistically significant growth was observed within the US bath containing the disinfectant. CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial efficacy of the two disinfectants was greatly enhanced when used in combination with US, and this also makes it possible to avoid the overuse of chemicals for disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Biasi
- Cantel Medical Italy, a STERIS Company, Via Laurentina, 169, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Mirella Gionta
- Cantel Medical Italy, a STERIS Company, Via Laurentina, 169, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Federica Pisa
- Cantel Medical Italy, a STERIS Company, Via Laurentina, 169, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Maura Pizzuti
- Cantel Medical Italy, a STERIS Company, Via Laurentina, 169, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Sortino
- Cantel Medical Italy, a STERIS Company, Via Laurentina, 169, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Alessio Immesi
- Cantel Medical Italy, a STERIS Company, Via Laurentina, 169, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Jodi R Alt
- STERIS Corporation, 5960 Heisley Rd, Mentor, OH 44060, USA
| | - Imma Zampaglione
- Cantel Medical Italy, a STERIS Company, Via Laurentina, 169, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
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Biguanides drugs: Past success stories and promising future for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113726. [PMID: 34364161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biguanides have attracted much attention a century ago and showed resurgent interest in recent years after a long period of dormancy. They constitute an important class of therapeutic agents suitable for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Therapeutic indications of biguanides include antidiabetic, antimalarial, antiviral, antiplaque, and bactericidal applications. This review presents an extensive overview of the biological activity of biguanides and different mechanisms of action of currently marketed biguanide-containing drugs, as well as their pharmacological properties when applicable. We highlight the recent developments in research on biguanide compounds, with a primary focus on studies on metformin in the field of oncology. We aim to provide a critical overview of all main bioactive biguanide compounds and discuss future perspectives for the design of new drugs based on the biguanide fragment.
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Inhibition of nutrient- and high pressure-induced germination of Bacillus cereus spores by plant essential oils. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Leggett M, Setlow P, Sattar S, Maillard JY. Assessing the activity of microbicides against bacterial spores: knowledge and pitfalls. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1174-80. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Leggett
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | | | - S.A. Sattar
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - J.-Y. Maillard
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
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Gnanadhas DP, Marathe SA, Chakravortty D. Biocides--resistance, cross-resistance mechanisms and assessment. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 22:191-206. [PMID: 23215733 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.748035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens has increased worldwide leading to treatment failures. Concerns have been raised about the use of biocides as a contributing factor to the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development. In vitro studies demonstrating increase in resistance have often been cited as evidence for increased risks. It is therefore important to understand the mechanisms of resistance employed by bacteria toward biocides used in consumer products and their potential to impart cross-resistance to therapeutic antibiotics. AREAS COVERED In this review, the mechanisms of resistance and cross-resistance reported in the literature toward biocides commonly used in consumer products are summarized. The physiological and molecular techniques used in describing and examining these mechanisms are reviewed and application of these techniques for systematic assessment of biocides for their potential to develop resistance and/or cross-resistance is discussed. EXPERT OPINION The guidelines in the usage of biocides in household or industrial purpose should be monitored and regulated to avoid the emergence of any MDR strains. The genetic and molecular methods to monitor the resistance development to biocides should be developed and included in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Prakash Gnanadhas
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Oulé MK, Quinn K, Dickman M, Bernier AM, Rondeau S, De Moissac D, Boisvert A, Diop L. Akwaton, polyhexamethylene-guanidine hydrochloride-based sporicidal disinfectant: a novel tool to fight bacterial spores and nosocomial infections. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1421-1427. [PMID: 22871428 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.047514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial spores are of continuing interest to the food and medical industries. In efforts to eliminate bacterial spore contamination, a number of sporicidal agents have been developed. Most of these compounds must be used carefully in very specific circumstances as they are toxic to humans. The sporicidal activity of Akwaton, a polyhexamethylene-guanidine hydrochloride (PHMGH)-based disinfectant, was tested against Bacillus subtilis spores. PHMGH is a colourless, odourless, non-corrosive and non-irritating antimicrobial biocide of the guanidine family. Spores suspended in distilled water and spores placed on solid surfaces (stainless steel and glass) were used to determine the log(10) reduction after exposure to varying concentrations of Akwaton. The minimum sporostatic concentration, the minimum sporicidal concentration and the time required for sporicidal activity corresponded to 0.06% (w/v), 0.08 % (w/v) and 8.5 min, respectively. Disinfectant concentrations of 0.24 % (w/v) and 0.44 % (w/v) killed all spores suspended in distilled water within 3 min and 90 s, respectively. The sporicidal activity against suspended spores was linearly dependent with respect to the concentration of PHMGH and contact time (y(3 min) = 40x-1.6 and y(90 s) = 20x-0.8 thus y(3 min) = 2y(90 s)). Spores placed on surfaces were more resistant to the effect of the disinfectant and the positive linear correlation between the sporicidal activity and concentration was not observed. The concentration required to kill all spores placed on a surface (stainless steel or glass) corresponded to 0.52 % (w/v) for 90 s of contact and 0.36 % (w/v) for 3 min. This study demonstrated that PHMGH is an effective sporicidal disinfectant with great potential for use in hospitals, laboratories, food industries and households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias K Oulé
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Université de Saint-Boniface, 200 de la Cathédrale Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 0H7, Canada
| | - Kelsi Quinn
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Université de Saint-Boniface, 200 de la Cathédrale Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 0H7, Canada
| | - Michael Dickman
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Université de Saint-Boniface, 200 de la Cathédrale Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 0H7, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Bernier
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Université de Saint-Boniface, 200 de la Cathédrale Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 0H7, Canada
| | - Sylvie Rondeau
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Université de Saint-Boniface, 200 de la Cathédrale Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 0H7, Canada
| | - Danielle De Moissac
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Université de Saint-Boniface, 200 de la Cathédrale Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 0H7, Canada
| | - Aurèle Boisvert
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Université de Saint-Boniface, 200 de la Cathédrale Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 0H7, Canada
| | - Lamine Diop
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Université de Saint-Boniface, 200 de la Cathédrale Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 0H7, Canada
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Turner NA, Harris J, Russell AD, Lloyd D. Microbial differentiation and changes in susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 89:751-9. [PMID: 11119148 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N A Turner
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, UK
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McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12:147-79. [PMID: 9880479 PMCID: PMC88911 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.12.1.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2629] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiseptics and disinfectants are extensively used in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of topical and hard-surface applications. A wide variety of active chemical agents (biocides) are found in these products, many of which have been used for hundreds of years, including alcohols, phenols, iodine, and chlorine. Most of these active agents demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, little is known about the mode of action of these agents in comparison to antibiotics. This review considers what is known about the mode of action and spectrum of activity of antiseptics and disinfectants. The widespread use of these products has prompted some speculation on the development of microbial resistance, in particular whether antibiotic resistance is induced by antiseptics or disinfectants. Known mechanisms of microbial resistance (both intrinsic and acquired) to biocides are reviewed, with emphasis on the clinical implications of these reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- G McDonnell
- STERIS Corporation, St. Louis Operations, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA.
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Shaker LA, Furr JR, Russell AD. Mechanism of resistance of Bacillus subtilis spores to chlorhexidine. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1988; 64:531-9. [PMID: 3139612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1988.tb02444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorhexidine diacetate (CHA) was rather more sporicidal at 20 degrees C to urea-dithreitol-sodium lauryl sulphate (UDS)-treated spores of Bacillus subtilis NCTC 8236 than to urea-dithiothreitol (UDT)-treated or normal (untreated) spores. UDS spores adsorbed more CHA from solution than did the other two forms. No differences in hydrophobicity, as determined by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) or bacterial adherence to hydrocarbon (BATH), could be detected between the three spore types. Germinating spores took up much less CHA than did outgrowing spores. Germinating cells were considerably more hydrophobic, as measured by the BATH technique, than outgrowing cells or normal spores. Chlorhexidine diacetate increased the apparent hydrophobicity of the two latter forms, but this effect could be partially reversed by subsequent exposure to a non-ionic surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Shaker
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Research Laboratory, Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology, Cardiff, UK
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