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Chang TJ, Kjeldsen RB, Christfort JF, Vila EM, Alstrøm TS, Zór K, Hwu ET, Nielsen LH, Boisen A. 3D-Printed Radiopaque Microdevices with Enhanced Mucoadhesive Geometry for Oral Drug Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201897. [PMID: 36414017 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, microdevices have been evaluated as a means to overcome challenges within oral drug delivery, thus improving bioavailability. Fabrication of microdevices is often limited to planar or simple 3D designs. Therefore, this work explores how microscale stereolithography 3D printing can be used to fabricate radiopaque microcontainers with enhanced mucoadhesive geometries, which can enhance bioavailability by increasing gastrointestinal retention. Ex vivo force measurements suggest increased mucoadhesion of microcontainers with adhering features, such as pillars and arrows, compared to a neutral design. In vivo studies, utilizing planar X-ray imaging, show the time-dependent gastrointestinal location of microcontainers, whereas computed tomography scanning and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy reveal information about their spatial dynamics and mucosal interactions, respectively. For the first time, the effect of 3D microdevice modifications on gastrointestinal retention is traced in vivo, and the applied methods provide a much-needed approach for investigating the impact of device design on gastrointestinal retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Jen Chang
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Rolf Bech Kjeldsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Juliane Fjelrad Christfort
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Eduard Marzo Vila
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Tommy Sonne Alstrøm
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - En-Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Line Hagner Nielsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
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Van Den Abeele J, Rubbens J, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. The dynamic gastric environment and its impact on drug and formulation behaviour. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 96:207-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Al-khattawi A, Mohammed AR. Challenges and emerging solutions in the development of compressed orally disintegrating tablets. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1109-20. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.941802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Varum F, Hatton G, Basit A. Food, physiology and drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:446-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Patil AT, Khobragade DS, Chafle SA, Ujjainkar AP, Umathe SN, Lakhotia CL. Development and evaluation of a hot-melt coating technique for enteric coating. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional enteric coating requires the use of organic based polymers which are equally hazardous to the environment and operating personnel. Hot-melt coating avoids the use of solvents and is a safer and time-saving process. The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of hot-melt coating (HMC) as an enteric coating technique. Pellets prepared by extrusion spheronization were selected as the core formulation for a model of the gastric irritant drug diclofenac sodium (DFS) because of their innate advantages over single-unit formulations. Stearic acid (SA) and palmitic acid (PA) were evaluated as enteric hot-melt coating materials. HMC was carried out in a specially modified coating pan by applying SA and PA in molten state onto preheated pellets to achieve a coating level of 5-15 %w/w. Hot-melt coated pellets were evaluated for disintegration pH and in vitro dissolution in the pH range 1.2 to 6.8, along with basic micromeritics. SEM of coated pellets showed a uniform and smooth coating. These results indicated that HMC of both SA and PA exhibited very good enteric coating ability. The coated pellets showed negligible drug release in acidic pH. As the pellets were subsequently transferred to a higher pH level, a gradual increase in release of the drug from the pellets was observed with increasing pH of the dissolution media. The release was dependent upon coating extent, providing sustained enteric release as opposed to abrupt release with mixed release kinetics.
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Varum FJ, Merchant HA, Basit AW. Oral modified-release formulations in motion: The relationship between gastrointestinal transit and drug absorption. Int J Pharm 2010; 395:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is usually the preferred site of absorption for most therapeutic agents, as seen from the standpoints of convenience of administration, patient compliance and cost. In recent years there has been a tendency to employ sophisticated systems that enable controlled or timed release of a drug, thereby providing a better dosing pattern and greater convenience to the patient. Although much about the performance of a system can be learned from in vitro release studies using conventional and modified dissolution methods, evaluation in vivo is essential in product development. The non-invasive technique of gamma-scintigraphy has been used to follow the gastrointestinal transit and release characteristics of a variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Such studies provide an insight into the fate of the delivery system and its integrity and enable the relationship between in vivo performance and resultant pharmacokinetics to be examined (pharmacoscintigraphy).
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Wilding
- Pharmaceutical Profiles Ltd., Nottingham, UK.
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8
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Marvola M, Nykänen P, Rautio S, Isonen N, Autere A. Enteric polymers as binders and coating materials in multiple-unit site-specific drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 1999; 7:259-67. [PMID: 9845814 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(98)00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a multiple-unit, site-specific drug formulation allowing targeting of drug release in the colon. Initially, characteristics of matrix pellets containing various enteric polymers as binders were tested. An enteric coating was then added to the formulations. Ibuprofen and furosemide were used as model drugs. The former is absorbed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, the latter only from upper parts. Methacrylate copolymers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinates and cellulose acetate phthalate were used as enteric polymers. The properties of the products were initially tested via dissolution studies at different pHs, then via bioavailability studies in healthy volunteers. The main conclusion was that drug release can be targeted on the distal part of the small intestine and the colon by preparing film-coated matrix pellets in which enteric polymers dissolving at pH approximately 7 have been used both as binders in the pellets and as coating material. This conclusion is based on the finding that absorption of ibuprofen from the formulations developed was adequate, with a lag-time of about 2 h and tmax values at 4-5 h, where as absorption of furosemide from the analogous products was negligible. It was also found that uncoated pellets as such could represent a slow-release formulation for furosemide, a problem drug as far as modified-release products are concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marvola
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Zahirul M, Khan I. Dissolution testing for sustained or controlled release oral dosage forms and correlation with in vivo data: Challenges and opportunities. Int J Pharm 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(96)04561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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The effect of food on the gastrointestinal transit and systemic absorption of naproxen from a novel sustained release formulation. J Control Release 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-3659(94)00118-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Meseguer G, Gurny R, Buri P. In vivo evaluation of dosage forms: application of gamma scintigraphy to non-enteral routes of administration. J Drug Target 1994; 2:269-88. [PMID: 7858953 DOI: 10.3109/10611869409015908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The trend to deliver drugs to defined areas of the body involves sophisticated carriers systems. In addition to the in vitro drug release profile one must be aware of the in vivo behaviour of the dosage form and the drug. Gamma scintigraphy is an elegant way to gain insights of the actual in vivo distribution pattern of dosage forms. This technique relies on the use of radioactive tracers included into the medicament and selected so as to enable an optimum detection by a gamma ray camera. The choice of a convenient label enables the in vivo determination of the targeting of the formulation administered through a large number of routes. The present paper reviews applications of gamma scintigraphy for the evaluation of dosage forms administered by the parenteral, rectal, buccal, nasal, pulmonary, and ophthalmic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meseguer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
Verapamil, the first calcium-channel blocker to be introduced for clinical use, is a major drug used for the treatment of systemic hypertension. During the past 10 years, the use of verapamil for hypertension has produced a considerable clinical database to support the efficacy and safety of the agent in many patients. Because of its short half-life, verapamil was originally administered 3 to 4 times daily. During the past decade, a sustained-release formulation of verapamil has been marketed in the US. This product allows for once-daily dosing up to 240 mg/d; however, when higher doses are needed, this sustained-release formulation should be administered twice daily. In addition, the medicine should be taken with food to avoid the high peak blood levels of verapamil, which appears to be related to the delivery system. A new pellet-filled capsule formulation of verapamil (Verelan, Lederle, Wayne, NJ and Wyeth-Ayerst, Philadelphia, PA) is available and provides controlled absorption, 24-hour blood pressure control, improved peak-to-trough plasma levels, and once-daily dosing regardless of dosage size. Prolonged-release verapamil can be taken without food.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Frishman
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of The Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461
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13
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Shalaby WS, Blevins WE, Park K. In vitro and in vivo studies of enzyme-digestible hydrogels for oral drug delivery. J Control Release 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-3659(92)90071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shalaby WS, Blevins WE, Park K. Use of ultrasound imaging and fluoroscopic imaging to study gastric retention of enzyme-digestible hydrogels. Biomaterials 1992; 13:289-96. [PMID: 1600031 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(92)90052-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound and fluoroscopic imaging techniques were used to monitor the gastric retention of enzyme-digestible hydrogels in the canine stomach. When water was present in the stomach, ultrasound imaging was very effective in monitoring the position of the hydrogel in the stomach, solvent penetration into the gel, and the gastric tissue-gel interactions during peristalsis. Rubbery or fully swollen hydrogels appeared as sonolucent objects with ultrasound imaging. Partially swollen hydrogels displayed a sonolucent outer layer due to solvent penetration and a centrally located bright echo resulting from the acoustic impedance mismatch at the glassy/rubbery interface. The degree of gastric tissue-gel interactions during peristalsis was inversely related to the extent of lumenal distention with water. The effectiveness of peristaltic contractions in driving the hydrogel toward the pyloric sphincter increased as the water was emptied from the stomach. In the absence of water, imaging of the gel with ultrasound became difficult. For this reason, gels were loaded with diatrizoate meglumine/sodium diatrizoate to visualize in real-time using fluoroscopic imaging. Fluoroscopic imaging allowed only indirect assessment of the hydrogel movement during peristalsis and the degree of hydrogel swelling. The gastric retention of the hydrogel under fasted conditions was influenced by the degree of gel deformation in response to peristaltic contractions. Hydrogels with a low degree of deformation during peristalsis showed long gastric retention times. The utilization of ultrasound imaging and fluoroscopic imaging for monitoring dynamic events in the stomach provided information on hydrogel properties which are important to gastric retention. The use of these imaging techniques in the development of long-term oral drug delivery systems is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Shalaby
- Purdue University, School of Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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15
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Wilding I, Hardy J, Maccari M, Ravelli V, Davis S. Scintigraphic and pharmacokinetic assessment of a multiparticulate sustained release formulation of diltiazem. Int J Pharm 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(91)90351-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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