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Mabhida SE, Sharma JR, Apalata T, Masilela C, Nomatshila S, Mabasa L, Fokkens H, Benjeddou M, Muhamed B, Shabalala S, Johnson R. The association of MTHFR (rs1801133) with hypertension in an indigenous south African population. Front Genet 2022; 13:937639. [PMID: 35938016 PMCID: PMC9353403 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.937639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The current study sought to investigate the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variant (rs1801133) and the risk of developing hypertension (HTN) in an indigenous South African population. Methods: A total of 442 participants (hypertensive, n = 279 and non-hypertensive, n = 163) from the indigenous tribe residing in Mthatha, Eastern Cape (South Africa) were recruited. HTN was defined as a systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥130/80 mmHg following American Heart Association guidelines. The genotyping of MTHFR (rs1801133) was assessed using MassARRAY® System. Thereafter, the association between rs1801133 in various genetic models and HTN was determined by logistic regression model analysis. Furthermore, the interaction between rs1801133 and selected risk factors on HTN was performed using the open-source multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). Results: The low frequency of the T allele (5%) was also observed when compared with the C allele (95%) in both cases and controls. After adjusting for confounding factors (gender, smoking status, BMI, and blood glucose levels), there were no significant associations were observed between rs1801133 and the risk of HTN in all genetic models: genotypic (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.29–1.95, p = 0.56), dominant (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.35–2.16, p = 0.75), co-dominant (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.51–3.48, p = 0.55) and allelic (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.49–1.62, p = 0.70) in logistic regression analysis. However, a significant interaction was reported among rs1801133, age, and gender (p < 0.0001) with the risk of HTN. Conclusion: The present study reports on the lack of association between MTHFR (rs1801133) and the risk of HTN in an indigenous South African tribe. However, an interaction between gender, age, and rs1801133 was observed. Thus, future studies with a large sample size are required to further validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, SAMRC, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jyoti R. Sharma
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, SAMRC, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Teke Apalata
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory-Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University and National Health Laboratory Services, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Charity Masilela
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Sibusiso Nomatshila
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Behavior, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Mabasa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, SAMRC, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Hannah Fokkens
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, SAMRC, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Mongi Benjeddou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Babu Muhamed
- Division of Infections Disease - University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, United States
| | | | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, SAMRC, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Rabia Johnson,
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Explore the Role of the rs1801133-PPARG Pathway in the H-type Hypertension. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:2054876. [PMID: 35356087 PMCID: PMC8958104 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2054876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both rs1801133 mutation on Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARG) have been associated with plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and hypertension. However, their role in H-type hypertension remains unclear. In this study, we first tested the association between rs1801133 genotypes and Hcy level in H-type hypertension using clinical profiles collected from 203 patients before and after the treatment using enalapril maleate and folic acid tablets (EMFAT). Then, we constructed a literature-based pathway analysis to explore the role of the rs1801133-PPARG signaling pathway in H-type hypertension and its treatment. Although presented similar blood pressure, the patients with TT genotype of rs1801133 were much younger (
value <0.05) and significantly higher in Hcy levels (
and
) than that in the CC and CT genotype groups. Pathway analysis showed that T-allele of rs1801133 could inhibit the expression of PPARG through the downregulation of folate levels and upregulation of Hcy levels, which increased the risk of hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia. Treatment using EMFAT led to similarly decreased Hcy levels for all patients with different genotypes (
;
), which may occur partially through the activation of PPARG. Moreover, even after treatment, the patients with TT genotype still presented significantly higher Hcy levels (
and
). Our results supported that rs1801133 mutation could play a role in H-type hypertension, which might be partially through the downregulation of PPARG. Moreover, PPARG might also be involved in treating H-type hypertension using EMFAT.
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Paithankar JG, Kudva AK, Raghu SV, Patil RK. Radioprotective role of uric acid: evidence from studies in Drosophila and human dermal fibroblast cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2427-2436. [PMID: 32180087 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) is a common phenomenon during medical diagnosis and treatment. IRs are deleterious because cellular exposure to IR can cause a series of molecular events that may lead to oxidative stress and macromolecular damage. Radiation protection is therefore essential and significant for improving safety during these procedures. Over decades several antioxidant molecules have been screened to explore their potential as radio-protectors with little success. Therefore, the current study was carried out to confirm the role of uric acid (UA)-a putative antioxidant molecule in radioprotection using radio-resistant insect Drosophila and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. Here, we demonstrate the depleted levels of UA in the mutant flies of Drosophila melanogaster-rosy and by targeting xanthine oxidase (XO an enzyme involved in UA metabolism), through maintaining flies on an allopurinol mixed diet. Allopurinol is a drug that reduces UA levels by inhibiting XO; it reduces the survival percentage in D. melanogaster compared to wild type flies following gamma irradiation at a dose of 1000 Gy. Enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, D. melanogaster glutathione peroxidase (DmGPx) and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants were measured to evaluate the importance of UA. The results indicate that lack of UA reduces the total antioxidant capacity. The activity of SOD was lowered in male flies. Furthermore, we show that supplementation of UA to HDFs cells in media improved their survival rate following gamma irradiation (2 Gy). From the present study we conclude that UA is a potent antioxidant molecule present in high levels among insects. Also, it appears that UA contributes to the radiation resistance of Drosophila flies. Hence, UA emerges as a promising molecule for mitigating radiation-induced oxidative damage in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, 574199, India.,Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Avinash Kundadka Kudva
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, 574199, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, 574199, India.
| | - Rajashekhar K Patil
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, 574199, India
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Bachschmid MM, Schildknecht S, Matsui R, Zee R, Haeussler D, Cohen RA, Pimental D, Loo BVD. Vascular aging: chronic oxidative stress and impairment of redox signaling-consequences for vascular homeostasis and disease. Ann Med 2013; 45:17-36. [PMID: 22380696 PMCID: PMC3717565 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.645498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characteristic morphological and molecular alterations such as vessel wall thickening and reduction of nitric oxide occur in the aging vasculature leading to the gradual loss of vascular homeostasis. Consequently, the risk of developing acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases increases with age. Current research of the underlying molecular mechanisms of endothelial function demonstrates a duality of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in contributing to vascular homeostasis or leading to detrimental effects when formed in excess. Furthermore, changes in function and redox status of vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to age-related vascular remodeling. The age-dependent increase in free radical formation causes deterioration of the nitric oxide signaling cascade, alters and activates prostaglandin metabolism, and promotes novel oxidative posttranslational protein modifications that interfere with vascular and cell signaling pathways. As a result, vascular dysfunction manifests. Compensatory mechanisms are initially activated to cope with age-induced oxidative stress, but become futile, which results in irreversible oxidative modifications of biological macromolecules. These findings support the 'free radical theory of aging' but also show that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are essential signaling molecules, regulating vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Unit, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kim J, Park SI, Ahn C, Kim H, Yim J. Guanine deaminase functions as dihydropterin deaminase in the biosynthesis of aurodrosopterin, a minor red eye pigment of Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23426-35. [PMID: 19567870 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.016493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydropterin deaminase, which catalyzes the conversion of 7,8-dihydropterin to 7,8-dihydrolumazine, was purified 5850-fold to apparent homogeneity from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 48 kDa by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, indicating that it is a monomer under native conditions. The pI value, temperature, and optimal pH of the enzyme were 5.5, 40 degrees C, and 7.5, respectively. Interestingly the enzyme had much higher activity for guanine than for 7,8-dihydropterin. The specificity constant (k(cat)/K(m)) for guanine (8.6 x 10(6) m(-1).s(-1)) was 860-fold higher than that for 7,8-dihydropterin (1.0 x 10(4) m(-1).s(-1)). The structural gene of the enzyme was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis as CG18143, located at region 82A1 on chromosome 3R. The cloned and expressed CG18143 exhibited both 7,8-dihydropterin and guanine deaminase activities. Flies with mutations in CG18143, SUPor-P/Df(3R)A321R1 transheterozygotes, had severely decreased activities in both deaminases compared with the wild type. Among several red eye pigments, the level of aurodrosopterin was specifically decreased in the mutant, and the amount of xanthine and uric acid also decreased considerably to 76 and 59% of the amounts in the wild type, respectively. In conclusion, dihydropterin deaminase encoded by CG18143 plays a role in the biosynthesis of aurodrosopterin by providing one of its precursors, 7,8-dihydrolumazine, from 7,8-dihydropterin. Dihydropterin deaminase also functions as guanine deaminase, an important enzyme for purine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwang Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Abstract
In the past decade, a growing number of evidence has implicated free radicals in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including aging, cancer, and coronary heart disease. Analyses of different aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology with respect to oxidative damage have also revealed evidence of free radical injury to the central nervous system (CNS), although attempts to protect the CNS using various antioxidants have met with only moderate success. Several recent studies have reported lower levels of uric acid (UA), a major scavenger of reactive nitrogen species, in MS patients, while other studies found no such correlation. Here, we discuss these studies as well as current efforts to manipulate serum UA levels in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spitsin
- Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, JAH Room M85, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Gournas C, Papageorgiou I, Diallinas G. The nucleobase–ascorbate transporter (NAT) family: genomics, evolution, structure–function relationships and physiological role. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:404-16. [PMID: 18414738 DOI: 10.1039/b719777b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Gournas
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens, Greece
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Vorbach C, Harrison R, Capecchi MR. Xanthine oxidoreductase is central to the evolution and function of the innate immune system. Trends Immunol 2003; 24:512-7. [PMID: 12967676 DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vorbach
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C1, Canada
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Abstract
Free radicals produced during normal metabolism cause damage to macromolecules. The free radical theory of aging proposes that the organism is unable to repair all of them and that, with time, unrepaired damages accumulate and put the organism at risk: in other words, free radicals provoke aging and death. This article reviews both the results of adding antioxidants to food on longevity in Drosophila melanogaster, as well as the studies on antioxidant enzymes (inactivation in vivo, null mutants, overexpression). It is concluded that antioxidant enzymes are probably poorly connected to the normal aging process, but they allow the organism to cope with stressful conditions.
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