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Lauro ML, Bowman AM, Smith JP, Gaye SN, Acevedo-Skrip J, DePhillips PA, Loughney JW. Overcoming Biopharmaceutical Interferents for Quantitation of Host Cell DNA Using an Automated, High-Throughput Methodology. AAPS J 2022; 25:10. [PMID: 36482268 PMCID: PMC9735023 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of biologics and vaccines in response to the current pandemic has highlighted the need for robust platform assays to characterize diverse biopharmaceuticals. A critical aspect of biopharmaceutical development is achieving a highly pure product, especially with respect to residual host cell material. Specifically, two important host cell impurities of focus within biopharmaceuticals are residual DNA and protein. In this work, a novel high-throughput host cell DNA quantitation assay was developed for rapid screening of complex vaccine drug substance samples. The developed assay utilizes the commercially available, fluorescent-sensitive Picogreen dye within a 96-well plate configuration to allow for a cost effective and rapid analysis. The assay was applied to in-process biopharmaceutical samples with known interferences to the dye, including RNA and protein. An enzymatic digestion pre-treatment was found to overcome these interferences and thus allow this method to be applied to wide-ranging, diverse analyses. In addition, the use of deoxycholate in the digestion treatment allowed for disruption of interactions in a given sample matrix in order to more accurately and selectively quantitate DNA. Critical analytical figures of merit for assay performance, such as precision and spike recovery, were evaluated and successfully demonstrated. This new analytical method can thus be successfully applied to both upstream and downstream process analysis for biologics and vaccines using an innovative and automated high-throughput approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L. Lauro
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Amy M. Bowman
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Joseph P. Smith
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Susannah N. Gaye
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Jillian Acevedo-Skrip
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Pete A. DePhillips
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - John W. Loughney
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 USA
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Shende N, Karale A, Marathe P, Chakraborty S, Mallya AD, Dhere RM. Quantitation of residual sodium dodecyl sulfate in meningococcal polysaccharide by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biologicals 2019; 60:68-74. [PMID: 31126703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a commonly used surfactant in protein solubilization and also during the polysaccharide purification. A GC-MS method has been developed to quantitate residual SDS in meningococcal polysaccharide serogroups A,C,W,Y and X circumventing the need of spectroscopic assays and HPLC based methods which are either unstable or requires the confirmation by MS. The developed method is based on quantitative conversion of SDS to 1-dodecanol at elevated temperature. Meningococcal polysaccharides and SDS standards were treated with methanolic-HCl and extracted in n-Hexane. The conversion of SDS to 1-dodecanol was confirmed by mass spectra and separation was achieved using a DB-5ms column. The mass spectral analysis of 1-dodecanol showed characteristic ions at m/z 168, 140 and 125. The GC-MS method validation performed on intermediate and purified meningococcal polysaccharides showed linearity with r2 > 0.99 over the concentration range of 2.5-200 μg/ml with LOD and LOQ of 1.27 and 3.85 respectively. The method was found to be precise, robust and accurate with spike recovery ranging 83-117%. The GC-MS method can be used in the quantitation of residual SDS during polysaccharide purification and provides valuable information about consistency of polysaccharide manufacturing process for development of pentavalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Shende
- Research and Development Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, 411028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijeet Karale
- Research and Development Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, 411028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preeti Marathe
- Research and Development Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, 411028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sourish Chakraborty
- Research and Development Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, 411028, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asha D Mallya
- Research and Development Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, 411028, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Rajeev M Dhere
- Research and Development Department, Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, 411028, Maharashtra, India
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Gairola S, Gautam M, Patil D, Manoj Kumar K, Shinde P, Jana SK, Dhere R, Jadhav S. Development and application of HPLC-RI and HPLC-MS/MS based methods for quantification of residual deoxycholate levels in pneumococcal polysaccharides. Biologicals 2016; 44:517-525. [PMID: 27666435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of residual sodium deoxycholate (DOC); a detergent of biological origin used in manufacturing of polysaccharide vaccines is challenging due to complex sample matrices and the lack of suitable methods. Here we report, rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-refractive index (HPLC-RI) and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) methods for estimation of residual DOC in pneumococcal polysaccharides. For HPLC-RI method, separation was achieved using Luna C18 column and mobile phase compositions of acetonitrile: methanol: 20 mM sodium acetate (60:05:35% v/v). For HPLC-MS/MS method, separation was achieved using a Hypersil BDS C18 column with gradient elution of methanol and water (0.1% formic acid). MS/MS method showed linearity (r2 = 0.997) over the range of 10-320 ng/mL with limits of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 3 and 10 ng/mL respectively. Precision (% RSD) and accuracy (% recovery) for both methods were in the range of 0.74-8.29% and 82.33-117.86% respectively. Sample matrices interferences were addressed following novel sample clean-up method based on liquid-liquid extraction. Both methods enabled traceable quantitation of DOC in intermediate and purified pneumococcal polysaccharides of serotypes: 1, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 19A, 19F and 23F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Gairola
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028, India.
| | - Manish Gautam
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028, India
| | - Dada Patil
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028, India
| | - Krishna Manoj Kumar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028, India
| | - Pravin Shinde
- Doctors' Analytical Laboratories Pvt Ltd - TTC Rabale MIDC, Mumbai 400 701, India
| | - S K Jana
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028, India
| | - Rajeev Dhere
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028, India
| | - Suresh Jadhav
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028, India
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Kwan BW, Lord DM, Peti W, Page R, Benedik MJ, Wood TK. The MqsR/MqsA toxin/antitoxin system protects Escherichia coli during bile acid stress. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:3168-81. [PMID: 25534751 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous within bacterial genomes, and the mechanisms of many TA systems are well characterized. As such, several roles for TA systems have been proposed, such as phage inhibition, gene regulation and persister cell formation. However, the significance of these roles is nebulous due to the subtle influence from individual TA systems. For example, a single TA system has only a minor contribution to persister cell formation. Hence, there is a lack of defining physiological roles for individual TA systems. In this study, phenotype assays were used to determine that the MqsR/MqsA type II TA system of Escherichia coli is important for cell growth and tolerance during stress from the bile salt deoxycholate. Using transcriptomics and purified MqsR, we determined that endoribonuclease toxin MqsR degrades YgiS mRNA, which encodes a periplasmic protein that promotes deoxycholate uptake and reduces tolerance to deoxycholate exposure. The importance of reducing YgiS mRNA by MqsR is evidenced by improved growth, reduced cell death and reduced membrane damage when cells without ygiS are stressed with deoxycholate. Therefore, we propose that MqsR/MqsA is physiologically important for E. coli to thrive in the gallbladder and upper intestinal tract, where high bile concentrations are prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Kwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA
| | - Dana M Lord
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Michael J Benedik
- Department of Biology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Thomas K Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA
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