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Yuan R, Liu J, Ukwatta RH, Xue F, Xiong X, Li C. Artificial oil bodies: A review on composition, properties, biotechnological applications, and improvement methods. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101109. [PMID: 38268842 PMCID: PMC10806269 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to simulate the structure of natural oil body, artificial oil bodies (AOBs) are fabricated by the integration of oleosins, triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs) in vitro. Recently, AOBs have gained great research interest both in the food and biological fields due to its ability to act as a novel delivery system for bioactive compounds and as a carrier for target proteins. This review aims to summarize the composition and the preparation methods of AOBs, examine the factors influencing their stability. Moreover, this contribution focusses on exploring the application of AOBs to encapsulate functional ingredients that are prone to oxidation as well as improve efficiency involved in protein purification, renaturation and immobilization by reducing the complex steps. In addition, the improvement measures to further enhance the stability and efficacy of AOBs are also discussed. The application of AOBs is expected to be a big step towards replacing existing bioreactors and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhuan Yuan
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Jianying Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Ruchika Hansanie Ukwatta
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
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Przytulski K, Glaza P, Brach K, Sagan M, Statkiewicz G, Klajn J, Walczak MJ. Comparative analysis of biophysical methods for monitoring protein proximity induction in the development of small molecule degraders. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130398. [PMID: 37301332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted protein degradation relies on inducing proximity between an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a target protein, and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the latter. Biophysical methods allow the measurement of the ternary complex formation by recombinant target and E3 ligase proteins in the presence of molecular glues and bifunctional degraders. The development of new chemotypes of degraders mediating ternary complex formation of unknown dimensions and geometries requires the use of different biophysical approaches. METHODS The TR-FRET and AlphaLISA platforms have been applied to study molecular glues and bifunctional degraders. The performance of the label-based proximity assays was compared with the BLI method, which is a label-free, sensor-based approach. RESULTS We present and compare two commonly used assays to monitor proximity induction, AlphaLISA and TR-FRET. The LinkScape system consisting of the CaptorBait peptide and the CaptorPrey protein is a novel method of protein labeling compatible with TR-FRET assay. CONCLUSIONS The TR-FRET and AlphaLISA proximity assays enable detection of ternary complexes formed between an E3 Ligase, a target protein and a small molecule degrader. Experiments with different chemotypes of GSPT1 degraders showed that ALphaLISA was more susceptible to chemotype-dependent interference than TR-FRET assay. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The discovery and optimization of small-molecule inducers of ternary complexes is greatly accelerated by using biophysical assays. The LinkScape-based TR-FRET assay is an alternative to antibody-based proximity assays due to the CaptorPrey's subnanomolar affinity to the CaptorBait-tagged protein target, and the 10-fold lower molecular weight of the CaptorPrey protein compared to the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Przytulski
- Captor Therapeutics Inc, Duńska St 11, PL54427 Wroclaw, Poland; Max Planck Research Group at Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St 7a, PL30387 Cracow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. St. Łojasiewicza St 11, PL30348 Cracow, Poland.
| | | | - Katarzyna Brach
- Captor Therapeutics Inc, Duńska St 11, PL54427 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Sagan
- Captor Therapeutics Inc, Duńska St 11, PL54427 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | - Jan Klajn
- Captor Therapeutics Inc, Duńska St 11, PL54427 Wroclaw, Poland.
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3
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Xu X, Hirpara J, Epting K, Jin M, Ghose S, Rieble S, Li ZJ. Clarification and capture of high-concentration refold pools forE. coli-based therapeutics using expanded bed adsorption chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 30:113-23. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuankuo Xu
- Process Sciences Downstream; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse NY 13057
| | - Jeet Hirpara
- Process Sciences Downstream; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse NY 13057
| | - Kevin Epting
- Process Sciences Downstream; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse NY 13057
| | - Mi Jin
- Process Sciences Downstream; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse NY 13057
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Process Sciences Downstream; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse NY 13057
| | - Siegfried Rieble
- Process Sciences Downstream; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse NY 13057
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Process Sciences Downstream; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse NY 13057
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Glutathione ethylester, a novel protein refolding reagent, enhances both the efficiency of refolding and correct disulfide formation. Protein J 2012; 31:499-503. [PMID: 22752753 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-012-9427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein refolding constitutes a crucial process for recombinant proteins. We report here on the development of a multifunctional refolding additive, glutathione ethyl ester (GSHEE), prepared from a redox reagent glutathione and an amino acid ethyl ester, an aggregation suppressor. Compared to glutathione, GSHEE showed 3.2-fold higher efficiency for the refolding yield of hen egg lysozyme. More importantly, a low concentration of GSHEE is more effective for refolding than conventional additives, such as amino acid ethyl esters by two orders of magnitude. The high potency of GSHEE makes it a candidate for use as a refolding additive for use in conjunction with reduced and denatured proteins.
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5
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Berg A, Oelmeier SA, Kittelmann J, Dismer F, Hubbuch J. Development and characterization of an automated high throughput screening method for optimization of protein refolding processes. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3149-59. [PMID: 22821717 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of protein refolding parameters by automated, miniaturized, and parallelized high throughput screening is a powerful approach to meet the demand for fast process development with low material consumption. In this study, we validated methods applicable on a standard liquid handling robot for screening of refolding process parameters by dilution of denatured lysozyme in refolding buffer systems. Different approaches for the estimation of protein solubility and folding were validated concerning resolution and compatibility with the robotic system and with the complex buffer and protein structure composition. We established an indirect method to assess soluble lysozyme concentration independent of matrix effects and protein structure varieties by automated separation of aggregated protein, resolubilization, and measurement of absorption at 280 nm. Using this nonspecific solubility assays the correlation between favorable parameters for high active and soluble lysozyme yields were evaluated. An overlap of good refolding buffer compositions was found provided that the redox environment was controlled with redox reagents. In addition, the need to control unfolding conditions like time, temperature, lysozyme, and dithiothreitol concentration was pointed out as different feedstocks resulted in different refolding yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Berg
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany
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6
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Ordidge GC, Mannall G, Liddell J, Dalby PA, Micheletti M. A generic hierarchical screening method for the analysis of microscale refolds using an automated robotic platform. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:435-44. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Lu SC, Lin SC. Recovery of active N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase from inclusion bodies by solubilization with non-denaturing buffers. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 50:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Ternary system of solution additives with arginine and salt for refolding of beta-galactosidase. Protein J 2010; 29:161-6. [PMID: 20213119 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
(L)-Arginine hydrochloride (Arg HCl) has been used for protein refolding as a universal aggregation suppressor for monomeric proteins. This paper presents an investigation of the refolding of tetrameric beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) using Arg HCl and other salts. In a binary system using only Arg HCl, the refolding yield of beta-gal increased with increasing concentration up to 0.2 M. However, the refolding yield sharply decreased above this concentration, reaching the level below the control yield of 5% at 0.5 M and near zero above 0.75 M, an observation unexpected from monomeric proteins. In a ternary system using both 0.2 M Arg HCl and another salt, the refolding yield increased up to 1.5-fold higher than that in the binary system. These data indicate that aggregation suppressive effects of protein increase with Arg HCl concentration, but also are deleterious to self-association of the protein. This dual nature of Arg HCl effects may have to be taken into account in its application for refolding of oligomeric proteins.
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9
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Fradkin AH, Boand CS, Eisenberg SP, Rosendahl MS, Randolph TW. Recombinant murine growth hormone from E. coli inclusion bodies: Expression, high-pressure solubilization and refolding, and characterization of activity and structure. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:743-9. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Duan H, Zeng X, Tang B, Liu X, Lan G, Wei W, Luo S. Cooperative Effect of Guanidinium Chloride and Urea on Lysozyme Refolding. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903243596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Ma DY, Liu SW, Han ZX, Li YJ, Shan AS. Expression and characterization of recombinant gallinacin-9 and gallinacin-8 in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 58:284-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 11/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Ecroyd H, Carver JA. The effect of small molecules in modulating the chaperone activity of αB-crystallin against ordered and disordered protein aggregation. FEBS J 2008; 275:935-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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The formation of amyloid fibril-like hen egg-white lysozyme species induced by temperature and urea concentration-dependent denaturation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-007-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Hamada H, Shiraki K. l-Argininamide improves the refolding more effectively than l-arginine. J Biotechnol 2007; 130:153-60. [PMID: 17434637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
L-arginine (Arg) is a widely used additive for suppressing protein aggregation during refolding. Systematic screening of Arg analogs provides superior additives that enhance the refolding yield more effectively than Arg. The refolding yield of hen egg lysozyme in the presence of 500 mM L-argininamide (ArgAd) increases 1.7-fold higher than Arg. Thermal unfolding experiments indicate that ArgAd has a greater denaturing effect than Arg. The refolding yield positively relates to the net charge of Arg analogs. Moreover ArgAd was also effective for the refolding of bovine carbonic anhydrase. High potency to increase the refolding yield of ArgAd compared to Arg results from high positive net charge and the denaturing property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hamada
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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15
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Chien PS, Tzeng TT, Lin SC, Hsu WH. Refolding of recombinant N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase by a fed-batch process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcice.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Pazgier M, Lubkowski J. Expression and purification of recombinant human alpha-defensins in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 49:1-8. [PMID: 16839776 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies have been developed to produce small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) using recombinant techniques. Up to now, all efforts to obtain larger quantities of active recombinant human alpha-defensins have been only moderately successful. Here we report an effective method of biosynthesis of human alpha-defensins (hNP-1 to hNP-3 and hD-5 and hD-6) in the Escherichia coli. All the peptides, expressed as insoluble fusions with the peptide encoded by a portion of E. coli tryptophan operon (trp DeltaLE 1413 polypeptide), were isolated from the inclusion bodies by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and separated from the fusion leader by chemical cleavage. Fully reduced peptides that were purified according to a straightforward protocol were subsequently folded, oxidized, and subjected to functional and structural analyses. With the exception of hD-6, all recombinant alpha-defensins exhibit expected anti-E. coli activity, as measured by the colony counting method. The method described in this report is a low-cost, efficient way of generating alpha-defensins in quantities ranging from milligrams to grams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Pazgier
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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17
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Wang SSS, Chen YT, Chen PH, Liu KN. A kinetic study on the aggregation behavior of β-amyloid peptides in different initial solvent environments. Biochem Eng J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Wang SS, Chang CK, Peng MJ, Liu HS. Effect of Glutathione Redox System on Lysozyme Refolding in Size Exclusion Chromatography. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2006. [DOI: 10.1205/fbp.05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Rao X, Hu J, Li S, Jin X, Zhang C, Cong Y, Hu X, Tan Y, Huang J, Chen Z, Zhu J, Hu F. Design and expression of peptide antibiotic hPAB-beta as tandem multimers in Escherichia coli. Peptides 2005; 26:721-9. [PMID: 15808901 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Revised: 12/16/2004] [Accepted: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peptide antibiotics are small peptides encoded by organism genomic DNA. They are recognized to play important roles in the innate host defense of most living organisms. The growing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics and the need for discovery of new antibiotics have stimulated great interest in the development of peptide antibiotics as human therapeutics. However, preparation of peptide antibiotics at a large scale is a great challenge in developing these commercial products. In this study, tandem repeat multimers of peptide antibiotic hPAB-beta were designed and the recombinant plasmids containing one to eight copies of hPAB-beta gene were generated. Eight genetic engineered bacteria harboring pQE-hPAB-beta1-8 recombinant were able to express the repetitive hPAB-beta multimers of interest in inclusion bodies, respectively. The expressed proteins could reach 2.6-28% of the total proteins. The hPAB-beta trimer construct was selected out for the subsequent study based on its higher expression level (27.8%), which yields in wet cell weights (3.15+/-0.45 g/l) and the fusion protein inclusion bodies was able to completely dissolve in 8 M urea. The tandem trimers could easily be captured by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and cleaved into monomers by hydroxylamine. Then, the monomer hPAB-beta of interest was purified to 95% homogeneity by reverse phase chromatography and gel filtration. The final yield of purified recombinant monomer hPAB-beta was 680+/-12 mg/100 g wet cells. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the purified recombinant hPAB-beta against type or clinical strains of microorganisms were about 31-250 microg/ml and these results showed that the recombinant hPAB-beta could retain its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Key Lab of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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20
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Kaderbhai MA, Davey HM, Kaderbhai NN. A directed evolution strategy for optimized export of recombinant proteins reveals critical determinants for preprotein discharge. Protein Sci 2005; 13:2458-69. [PMID: 15322285 PMCID: PMC2280021 DOI: 10.1110/ps.04697304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A directed evolutionary approach is described that searches short, random peptide sequences for appendage at the secretory signal peptide-mature protein junction to seek ideal algorithms for both efficient and hyper export of recombinant proteins to the periplasm of Escherichia coli. The strategy employs simple, visual detection of positive clones using a PINK expression system that faithfully reports on export status of a mammalian hemoprotein in E. coli. With-in "sequence spaces" ranging from 1 to 13 residues, a significant but highly variable secretory fitness was scored such that the rate of secretion reciprocally correlated with the membrane-associated precursor pool of the evolved exportable hemoproteins. Three clusters of hyper, median, and hypo exporters were isolated. These had corresponding net charges of -1, 0, and +1 within the evolved sequence space, which in turn clearly correlated with the prevailing magnitude and polarity of the membrane energization states. The findings suggest that both the nature of the charged residue and the proximal sequence in the early mature region are the crucial determinants of the protonophore-dependent electrophoretic discharge of the precursor across the inner membrane of E. coli. We conclude that the directed evolutionary approach will find ready application in engineering recombinant proteins for their efficient secretion via the sec export pathway in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustak A Kaderbhai
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cledwyn Building, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD, UK.
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21
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Rao XC, Li S, Hu JC, Jin XL, Hu XM, Huang JJ, Chen ZJ, Zhu JM, Hu FQ. A novel carrier molecule for high-level expression of peptide antibiotics in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 36:11-8. [PMID: 15177279 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Revised: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Peptide antibiotics are often hard to express in engineered bacteria at high level. According to the properties of peptide antibiotics, a heterologous protein PaP3.30, encoded by ORF30 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage PaP3, was selected as a carrier molecule. The gene of the carrier molecule was constructed into the plasmid pQE-32 to give rise to the vector pQE-PaP30 for expression of peptide antibiotics in Escherichia coli. A his-tagged fusion protein was genetically constructed with a peptide antibiotic at its carboxy terminus. The novel carrier molecule was used for high-level expression of six peptide antibiotics with different sizes and isoelectric points in E. coli, which are hPAB-beta, MSI-78, Melletin, hBD-1, Cecropin A, and an ovine anion peptide. And further, one of six peptide antibiotics, hPAB-beta (an analog of a human peptide antibiotic), was taken as an example for studies of recovery of interesting products from the fusion partner, purification and antimicrobial activity evaluation. The results indicated that the expressed fusion protein existed as an inclusion body in the cytoplasm and the expression amounts of six peptide antibiotic fusions are all higher than 34% of the total cell protein. The expression products could be easily purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. Cyanogen bromide was used to cut at the methionine linker between the carrier and hPAB-beta peptide. hPAB-beta was recovered from the fusion partner and purified to homogeneity with High S cation-exchange and Bio-gel P6 gel chromatography. The bactericidal activities of the purified recombinant hPAB-beta against P. aeruginosa are 31-64 microg/ml, and against Staphylococcus aureus are > or = 128 microg/ml, being comparable to that of the chemical synthesis peptide. These results show that the carrier molecule can result in high-level expression of peptide antibiotics, and expression products can be easily recovered from their fusion partner and retain their bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian C Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Third Military Medical University/Key Lab of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, 400038, PR China
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Wang JH, Liang CM, Peng JM, Shieh JJ, Jong MH, Lin YL, Sieber M, Liang SM. Induction of immunity in swine by purified recombinant VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Vaccine 2003; 21:3721-9. [PMID: 12922103 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
VP1, a capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), contains neutralizing epitopes of the virus. Due to its poor water solubility, recombinant Escherichia coli derived VP1 (rVP1) has previously been used mainly in a denatured form and is not well characterized. Here, using SDS to assist protein refolding and then removing SDS with a detergent removing column, we have successfully purified rVP1 in two aqueous-soluble forms, i.e. monomer and dimer. Studies showed that dimerization occurs by an inter-molecular disulfide bond between two cysteine residues at position 187 of each monomer. Heat treatment revealed that rVP1 dimer exhibited a more thermal-stable conformation than the monomeric form. Both monomeric and dimeric rVP1 reacted with anti-FMDV antibodies. Immunization studies demonstrated that vaccination of swine with either forms of rVP1 was effective in generating immune responses and protecting them from viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hwan Wang
- Institute of Bioagricultural Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2 Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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24
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Eisenmesser EZ, Kapust RB, Nawrocki JP, Mazzulla MJ, Pannell LK, Waugh DS, Byrd RA. Expression, purification, refolding, and characterization of recombinant human interleukin-13: utilization of intracellular processing. Protein Expr Purif 2000; 20:186-95. [PMID: 11049743 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2000.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a pleiotropic cytokine that elicits both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses. Recent studies underscore its role in several diseases, including asthma and cancer. Solution studies of IL-13 and its soluble receptors may facilitate the design of antagonists/agonists which would require milligram quantities of specifically labeled protein. A synthetic gene encoding human IL-13 (hIL-13) was inserted into the pMAL-c2 vector with a cleavage site for the tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease. Coexpression of the fusion protein and TEV protease led to in vivo cleavage, resulting in high levels of hIL-13 production. hIL-13, localized to inclusion bodies, was purified and refolded to yield approximately 2 mg per liter of bacteria grown in minimal media. Subsequent biochemical and biophysical analysis of both the unlabeled and (15)N-labeled protein revealed a bioactive helical monomer. In addition, the two disulfide bonds were unambiguously demonstrated to be Cys29-Cys57 and Cys45-Cys71 by a combined proteolytic digestion and mass spectrometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Z Eisenmesser
- Macromolecular NMR Section, National Cancer Institute-FCRDC, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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Abstract
The application of temperature-sensitive polymer (PNIPAAm) for the renaturation of beta-lactamase from inclusion bodies was investigated. It was observed that PNIPAAm was more effective than PEG in enhancing protein renaturation. At a concentration of 0.1%, PNIPAAm improved the yield of beta-lactamase activity by 41% from 46. 5 to 65.4 IU/mL, compared to 26% with PEG from 46.5 to 58.7 IU/mL. Kinetic study indicated that PNIPAAm did not significantly affect the initial rate of protein renaturation but did increase final activity yield. In the presence of PEG and PNIPAAm, the activity yields increased with temperature, indicating that hydrophobic interactions between denatured protein and polymer molecules contributed to the enhanced protein renaturation with polymers. The sequential addition approach, aiming at enhancing protein renaturation by reducing local protein concentration during renaturation, was also shown effective in enhancing protein renaturation, especially in the presence of polymers. With the sequential addition approach, the activity yield was increased by 60. 5% from 46.5 to 74.6 IU/mL with PNIPAAm. Similar behavior was also observed with PEG. PNIPAAm exhibited similar behavior as PEG on the renaturation of beta-lactamase in terms of temperature effect and concentration effect, indicating that the mechanism for enhanced protein renaturation for the two polymers might be similar. PNIPAAm exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32 degrees C and can be effectively separated from aqueous solution and recycled. A protein renaturation process employing PNIPAAm, which offers the advantages of enhanced renaturation efficiency, minimum loss of protein aggregates, and ease of polymers recycling, was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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26
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Rothel JS, Wood PR, Seow HF, Lightowlers MW. Urea/DTT solubilization of a recombinant Taenia ovis antigen, 45W, expressed as a GST fusion protein results in enhanced protective immune response to the 45W moiety. Vaccine 1997; 15:469-72. [PMID: 9160512 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination and challenge infection experiments were conducted in sheep using different forms of a recombinant protein (45W) from the cestode parasite Taenia ovis. 45W was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (45W-GST) and was produced as both soluble protein and insoluble inclusion bodies. Vaccination of animals with either the soluble or inclusion body derived protein resulted in the immune response being predominantly directed to the GST moiety of 45W-GST. Conversely, vaccination with 45W-GST which had been solubilized/treated with urea and dithiothreitol (DTT), elicited enhanced responses to the 45W moiety and significantly reduced responses to GST. Vaccination with all forms of 45W-GST protected sheep against experimental T. ovis infection. However, protection was highly correlated with anti-45W antibody levels and these were significantly higher in animals vaccinated with the urea/DTT treated form of 45W-GST. It is suggested that recombinant proteins expressed either with or without fusion partners may stimulate enhanced immune responses when incorporated in vaccine formulations in a denatured/reduced state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Rothel
- University of Melbourne, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary Clinical Centre, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Weibel EK. Biological safety considerations in the production of health care products from recombinant organisms. Biotechnol Adv 1994; 12:525-38. [PMID: 14548469 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(94)90022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Safety considerations in the field of recombinant technology and rDNA production of health care products have been under discussion since the beginning of this technology in 1973 and will certainly go on. However no adverse effects, which could have been attributed to rDNA technology have been observed. On the other hand many life-saving and life-improving drugs have been on the market for many years to the benefit of many patients. New technologies and products thereof often provoke uncertainties about their impact on the environment or society. This article discusses some potential risks in the application of rDNA technology to drugs as well as some benefits for patients, society and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Weibel
- Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharma Research New Technologies, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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