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Pinheiro FC, Sperb-Ludwig F, Schwartz IVD. Epidemiological aspects of hereditary fructose intolerance: A database study. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1548-1566. [PMID: 34524712 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is an inborn error of fructose metabolism of autosomal recessive inheritance caused by pathogenic variants in the ALDOB gene that lead to aldolase B deficiency in the liver, kidneys, and intestine. Patients manifest symptoms, such as ketotic hypoglycemia, vomiting, nausea, in addition to hepatomegaly and other liver and kidney dysfunctions. The treatment consists of a fructose-restricted diet, which results in a good prognosis. To analyze the distribution of ALDOB variants described in patients and to estimate the prevalence of HFI based on carrier frequency in the gnomAD database, a systematic review was conducted to assess ALDOB gene variants among patients with HFI. The prevalence of HFI was estimated from the carrier frequency of variants described in patients, as well as rare variants predicted as pathogenic by in silico tools. The p.(Ala150Pro) and p.(Ala175Asp) variants are the most frequent and are distributed worldwide. However, these variants have particular distribution patterns in Europe. The analysis of the prevalence of HFI showed that the inclusion of rare alleles predicted as pathogenic is a more informative approach for populations with few patients. The data show that HFI has a wide distribution and an estimated prevalence of ~1:10,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele C Pinheiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,BRAIN Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sperb-Ludwig
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,BRAIN Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ida V D Schwartz
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,BRAIN Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Bioscience Institute, Federal University of do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Buziau AM, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, Tolan DR, Brouwers MCGJ. Recent advances in the pathogenesis of hereditary fructose intolerance: implications for its treatment and the understanding of fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1709-1719. [PMID: 31713637 PMCID: PMC11105038 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare inborn disease characterized by a deficiency in aldolase B, which catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and fructose 1-phosphate (Fru 1P) to triose molecules. In patients with HFI, ingestion of fructose results in accumulation of Fru 1P and depletion of ATP, which are believed to cause symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, and liver and kidney failure. These sequelae can be prevented by a fructose-restricted diet. Recent studies in aldolase B-deficient mice and HFI patients have provided more insight into the pathogenesis of HFI, in particular the liver phenotype. Both aldolase B-deficient mice (fed a very low fructose diet) and HFI patients (treated with a fructose-restricted diet) displayed greater intrahepatic fat content when compared to controls. The liver phenotype in aldolase B-deficient mice was prevented by reduction in intrahepatic Fru 1P concentrations by crossing these mice with mice deficient for ketohexokinase, the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of Fru 1P. These new findings not only provide a potential novel treatment for HFI, but lend insight into the pathogenesis of fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has raised to epidemic proportions in Western society. This narrative review summarizes the most recent advances in the pathogenesis of HFI and discusses the implications for the understanding and treatment of fructose-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amée M Buziau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dean R Tolan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Choi HW, Lee YJ, Oh SH, Kim KM, Ryu JM, Lee BH, Kim GH, Yoo HW. A Novel Frameshift Mutation of the ALDOB Gene in a Korean Girl Presenting with Recurrent Hepatitis Diagnosed as Hereditary Fructose Intolerance. Gut Liver 2012; 6:126-8. [PMID: 22375183 PMCID: PMC3286731 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2012.6.1.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance is an autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by a deficiency in fructose-1-phosphate aldolase (Aldolase B). Children can present with hypoglycemia, jaundice, elevated liver enzymes and hepatomegaly after intake of dietary fructose. Long-term intake of fructose in undiagnosed patients can result in hepatic failure or renal failure. We experienced a case of hereditary fructose intolerance presenting as recurrent hepatitis-like episodes. Detailed evaluation of her dietary habits revealed her avoidance of sweetened foods and fruits. Genetic analysis of ALDOB revealed that she is a homozygote for a novel frameshifting mutation c[758_759insT]+[758_759insT] (p.[val25 3fsX24]+[val253fsX24]). This report is the first of a Korean patient diagnosed with hereditary fructose intolerance using only molecular testing without undergoing intravenous fructose tolerance test or enzyme assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Won Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Coffee EM, Tolan DR. Mutations in the promoter region of the aldolase B gene that cause hereditary fructose intolerance. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:715-25. [PMID: 20882353 PMCID: PMC2993836 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a potentially fatal inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of aldolase B activity in the liver and kidney. Over 40 disease-causing mutations are known in the protein-coding region of ALDOB. Mutations upstream of the protein-coding portion of ALDOB are reported here for the first time. DNA sequence analysis of 61 HFI patients revealed single base mutations in the promoter, intronic enhancer, and the first exon, which is entirely untranslated. One mutation, g.-132G>A, is located within the promoter at an evolutionarily conserved nucleotide within a transcription factor-binding site. A second mutation, IVS1+1G>C, is at the donor splice site of the first exon. In vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays show a decrease in nuclear extract-protein binding at the g.-132G>A mutant site. The promoter mutation results in decreased transcription using luciferase reporter plasmids. Analysis of cDNA from cells transfected with plasmids harboring the IVS1+1G>C mutation results in aberrant splicing leading to complete retention of the first intron (~5 kb). The IVS1+1G>C splicing mutation results in loss of luciferase activity from a reporter plasmid. These novel mutations in ALDOB represent 2% of alleles in American HFI patients, with IVS1+1G>C representing a significantly higher allele frequency (6%) among HFI patients of Hispanic and African-American ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Coffee
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Program, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Coffee EM, Yerkes L, Ewen EP, Zee T, Tolan DR. Increased prevalence of mutant null alleles that cause hereditary fructose intolerance in the American population. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:33-42. [PMID: 20033295 PMCID: PMC2954661 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-9008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the aldolase B gene (ALDOB) impairing enzyme activity toward fructose-1-phosphate cleavage cause hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI). Diagnosis of the disease is possible by identifying known mutant ALDOB alleles in suspected patients; however, the frequencies of mutant alleles can differ by population. Here, 153 American HFI patients with 268 independent alleles were analyzed to identify the prevalence of seven known HFI-causing alleles (A149P, A174D, N334K, Delta4E4, R59Op, A337V, and L256P) in this population. Allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analysis was performed on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified genomic DNA from these patients. In the American population, the missense mutations A149P and A174D are the two most common alleles, with frequencies of 44% and 9%, respectively. In addition, the nonsense mutations Delta4E4 and R59Op are the next most common alleles, with each having a frequency of 4%. Together, the frequencies of all seven alleles make up 65% of HFI-causing alleles in this population. Worldwide, these same alleles make up 82% of HFI-causing mutations. This difference indicates that screening for common HFI alleles is more difficult in the American population. Nevertheless, a genetic screen for diagnosing HFI in America can be improved by including all seven alleles studied here. Lastly, identification of HFI patients presenting with classic symptoms and who have homozygous null genotypes indicates that aldolase B is not required for proper development or metabolic maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Coffee
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laura Yerkes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ewen
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tiffany Zee
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dean R. Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Chi ZN, Hong J, Yang J, Zhang HJ, Dai M, Cui B, Zhang Y, Gu WQ, Zhang YF, Liu QR, Wang WQ, Li XY, Ning G. Clinical and genetic analysis for a Chinese family with hereditary fructose intolerance. Endocrine 2007; 32:122-6. [PMID: 17955389 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-007-9013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is an inheritable disorder of fructose metabolism, inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder and caused by catalytic deficiency of aldolase B, which is critical for gluconeogenesis and fructose metabolism. The affected individuals develop severe hypoglycemia after taking foods containing fructose and cognate sugars. The exons 2-9 of the aldolase B (gene symbol ALDOB) gene from one Chinese HFI patient were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and direct sequence determination was applied to the amplified fragments. The mutation of a 4-bp (AACA) deletion (479_482 del) in exon 4 of ALDOB gene was identified in the patient, which had been reported to cause a frameshift at codon 118 and a truncated protein of 132 amino acids in the previous study. Then, the second case with the same homozygote deletion and eight cases with heterozygotes had been found through screening for the mutation c.479_482 del AACA in the whole family. This is the first report of HFI with the mutation c.479_482 del AACA in the ALDOB gene in a Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Chi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shangai, China
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Kriegshäuser G, Halsall D, Rauscher B, Oberkanins C. Semi-automated, reverse-hybridization detection of multiple mutations causing hereditary fructose intolerance. Mol Cell Probes 2007; 21:226-8. [PMID: 17292585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 12/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a potentially fatal nutritional disease that is caused by mutations in the liver isoenzyme of fructoaldolase (aldolase B). Our aim was to evaluate a diagnostic assay capable of simultaneously analyzing three-point mutations and a small deletion in the aldolase B (ALDOB) gene. The test under investigation is based on multiplex DNA amplification and hybridization to membrane strips presenting a parallel array of allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. We used the novel reverse-hybridization (RH) protocol to analyze 54 individuals previously genotyped by direct sequencing. RH genotyping for ALDOB mutations Delta4E4, A149P, A174D, and N334K was in complete concordance with results obtained by DNA sequencing. The procedure is rapid (<6h) and may be automated to a large extent. The RH assay tested in this study represents an accurate and robust screening tool to identify common ALDOB mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Kriegshäuser
- ViennaLab Diagnostics GmbH, Gaudenzdorfer Gürtel 43-45, A-1120 Vienna, Austria.
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Gruchota J, Pronicka E, Korniszewski L, Stolarski B, Pollak A, Rogaszewska M, Płoski R. Aldolase B mutations and prevalence of hereditary fructose intolerance in a Polish population. Mol Genet Metab 2006; 87:376-8. [PMID: 16406649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We studied 28 Polish hereditary fructose intolerant (HFI) patients (26 unrelated) by direct sequencing of the ALDOB coding region/splice sites. Eight different mutations were found including two novel ones (each found in two unrelated individuals): c.250delC (frameshift) and c.522 C > G (p.Y174X). The most frequent mutation c.448 G > C (p.A150P, 67% of chromosomes) was screened for in a group of 1049 randomly selected unrelated individuals. Eight (1:131) carriers were found allowing to estimate the HFI prevalence in Poland as 1:31,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gruchota
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Stormon MO, Cutz E, Furuya K, Bedford M, Yerkes L, Tolan DR, Feigenbaum A. A six-month-old infant with liver steatosis. J Pediatr 2004; 144:258-63. [PMID: 14760272 PMCID: PMC2954655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Stormon
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kullberg-Lindh C, Hannoun C, Lindh M. Simple method for detection of mutations causing hereditary fructose intolerance. J Inherit Metab Dis 2002; 25:571-5. [PMID: 12638940 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022043307569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aldolase B is critical for sugar metabolism, and a catalytic deficiency due to mutations in its gene may result in hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) syndrome, with hypoglycaemia and severe abdominal symptoms. This report describes two cases of HFI, which were identified by intravenous fructose tolerance test and a new RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) test that detects the two most common mutations, A149P and A174D. The method includes PCR of a 224-base-pair segment of exon 5, a subsequent 3 h incubation with Cac8I and agarose electrophoresis, which reveals either or both of the mutations in one single reaction. The method might be useful for screening of these mutations, which may account for more than 70% of the mutations causing HFI.
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Costa C, Costa JM, Deleuze JF, Legrand A, Hadchouel M, Baussan C. Simple, Rapid Nonradioactive Method to Detect the Three Most Prevalent Hereditary Fructose Intolerance Mutations. Clin Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/44.5.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Costa
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean Marc Costa
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Alain Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Michelle Hadchouel
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Christiane Baussan
- Laboratoire de Biochimie 1, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP 78 avenue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Americain de Paris; U 347 INSERM IFR 21, Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, France
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Abstract
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI, OMIM 22960), caused by catalytic deficiency of aldolase B (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, EC 4.1.2.13), is a recessively inherited condition in which affected homozygotes develop hypoglycaemic and severe abdominal symptoms after taking foods containing fructose and cognate sugars. Continued ingestion of noxious sugars leads to hepatic and renal injury and growth retardation; parenteral administration of fructose or sorbitol may be fatal. Direct detection of a few mutations in the human aldolase B gene on chromosome 9q facilitates the genetic diagnosis of HFI in many symptomatic patients. The severity of the disease phenotype appears to be independent of the nature of the aldolase B gene mutations so far identified. It appears that hitherto there has been little, if any, selection against mutant aldolase B alleles in the population: in the UK, approximately 1.3% of neonates harbour one copy of the prevalent A149P disease allele. The ascendance of sugar as a major dietary nutrient, especially in western societies, may account for the increasing recognition of HFI as a nutritional disease and has shown the prevalence of mutant aldolase B genes in the general population. The severity of clinical expression correlates well with the immediate nutritional environment, age, culture, and eating habits of affected subjects. Here we review the biochemical, genetic, and molecular basis of human aldolase B deficiency in HFI, a disorder which responds to dietary therapy and in which the principal manifestations of disease are thus preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ali
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK
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Le H, Fung D, Trent RJ. Applications of capillary electrophoresis in DNA mutation analysis of genetic disorders. Mol Pathol 1997; 50:261-5. [PMID: 9497917 PMCID: PMC379643 DOI: 10.1136/mp.50.5.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To facilitate DNA mutation analysis by use of capillary electrophoresis. METHODS The usefulness and applications of capillary electrophoresis in DNA fragment sizing and sequencing were evaluated. RESULTS DNA mutation testing in disorders such as cystic fibrosis, Huntington disease, alpha thalassaemia, and hereditary fructose intolerance were undertaken effectively. However, sizing the (CAG)n repeat in the case of Huntington disease was a potential problem when using capillary electrophoresis. Separation polymers used in capillary electrophoresis are still in the developmental phase, with improved ones being released regularly. CONCLUSIONS In the DNA diagnostic setting, capillary electrophoresis is a valuable development because it expands the scope for automation and has useful analytical properties. The potential to perform complex multiplexing within one electrophoresis run facilitates DNA diagnosis. The different mobility of DNA fragments in capillary electrophoresis compared with conventional gel electrophoresis will require, in some circumstances, additional care when results are being interpreted or reported. Capillary electrophoresis is a cheap alternative for combined automated sequencing and fragment analysis that utilises multicolour fluorescence capability. However, in its present form, it is not useful for large scale sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Le
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown NSW, Australia
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Ali M, James CL, Cox TM. A newly identified aldolase B splicing mutation (G-->C, 5' intron 5) in hereditary fructose intolerance from New Zealand. Hum Mutat 1996; 7:155-7. [PMID: 8829634 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1996)7:2<155::aid-humu11>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ali
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, United Kingdom
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Wilson JD, Robertson T, Whiley M. Hereditary fructose intolerance in an adult. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1995; 25:259-60. [PMID: 7487702 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1995.tb01541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Tolan DR. Molecular basis of hereditary fructose intolerance: mutations and polymorphisms in the human aldolase B gene. Hum Mutat 1995; 6:210-8. [PMID: 8535439 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380060303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the human aldolase B gene that result in hereditary fructose intolerance have been characterized extensively. Although the majority of subjects have been from northern Europe, subjects from other geographical regions and ethnic groups have been identified. At present 21 mutations have been reported; 15 of these are single base substitutions, resulting in nine amino acid replacements, four nonsense codons, and two putative splicing defects. Two large deletions, two four-base deletions, a single-base deletion, and a seven-base deletion/one-base insertion have been found. This last mutation leads to a defect in splicing and it is likely that one of the small deletions does as well. Regions of the enzyme where mutations have been observed recurrently are encoded by exons 5 and 9. Indeed, the three most common mutations are found in these exons. Two of these prevalent HFI mutations arose from a common ancestor and spread throughout the population by genetic drift. This finding was based on linkage to two sequence polymorphisms, which are among very few informative polymorphic markers that have been identified within the aldolase B gene. Because of the prevalence of a few HFI alleles, and the recent advances in molecular methods for identifying and screening for mutation, the diagnosis of HFI by molecular screening methods should become routine. These molecular diagnostic methods will be extremely beneficial for this often difficult to diagnose and sometimes fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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