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Parlak ZV, Wein S, Zybała R, Tymicki E, Kaszyca K, Rütten S, Labude N, Telle R, Schickle K, Neuss S. High-strength ceramics as innovative candidates for cardiovascular implants. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:585-596. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328219861602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zümray Vuslat Parlak
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Zümray Vuslat Parlak and Svenja Wein contributed equally to this work
| | - Svenja Wein
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Zümray Vuslat Parlak and Svenja Wein contributed equally to this work
| | - Rafał Zybała
- University Research Center, Functional Materials Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emil Tymicki
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kaszyca
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscopic Facility, University Clinics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norina Labude
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Telle
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolina Schickle
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Ebmeyer J, Behrend J, Lorenz M, Günther G, Reif R, Hengstler JG, Braeuning A, Lampen A, Hessel-Pras S. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced alterations of prostanoid synthesis in human endothelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 298:104-111. [PMID: 30465738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are a group of secondary plant metabolites belonging to the most widely distributed natural toxins. PA intoxication of humans leads to severe liver damage, such as hepatomegaly, hepatic necrosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. An acute consequence observed after ingestion of high amounts of PA is veno-occlusive disease (VOD) where the hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells are affected. However, the mechanisms leading to VOD after PA intoxication remain predominantly unknown. Thus, we investigated PA-induced molecular effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We compared the effects of PA with the effects of PA metabolites obtained by in vitro metabolism using liver homogenate (S9 fraction). In vitro-metabolized lasiocarpine and senecionine resulted in significant cytotoxic effects in HUVEC starting at 300 μM. Initial molecular effect screening using a PCR array with genes associated with endothelial cell biology showed PA-induced upregulation of the Fas receptor, which is involved in extrinsic apoptosis, and regulation of a number of interleukins, as well as of different enzymes relevant for prostanoid synthesis. Modulation of prostanoid synthesis was subsequently studied at the mRNA and protein levels and verified by increased release of prostaglandin I2 as the main prostanoid of endothelial cells. All effects occurred only with in vitro-metabolically activated PA lasiocarpine and senecionine. By contrast, no effect was observed for the PA echimidine, heliotrine, lasiocarpine, senecionine, senkirkine and platyphylline in the absence of an external metabolizing system up to the highest tested concentration of 500 μM. Overall, our results confirm the metabolism-dependent toxification of PA and elucidate the involved pathways. These include induction of inflammatory cytokines and deregulation of the prostanoid synthesis pathway in endothelial cells, linking for the first time PA-dependent changes in prostanoid release to distinct alterations at the mRNA and protein levels of enzymes of prostanoid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Ebmeyer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Behrend
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Lorenz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgia Günther
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Raymond Reif
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hessel-Pras
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany.
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Silva-Torres LA, Vélez C, Lyvia Alvarez J, Ortiz JG, Zayas B. Toxic effects of xylazine on endothelial cells in combination with cocaine and 6-monoacetylmorphine. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1312-9. [PMID: 25017475 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of xylazine as a drug of abuse has emerged worldwide in the last 7 years, including Puerto Rico. Clinical findings reported that xylazine users present greater physiological deterioration, than heroin users. The aim of this study was to assess the xylazine toxicity on endothelial cells, as this is one of the first tissues impact upon administration. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture were treated with xylazine, cocaine, 6-monoacetylmorphine (heroin metabolite) and its combinations, at concentrations of 0.10-400 μM, for periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. IC50 were calculated and the Annexin V assay implemented to determine the cell death mechanism. Results indicated IC50 values at 24h as follow: xylazine 62 μM, cocaine 210 μM, 6-monoacetylmorphine 300 μM. When these drugs were combined the IC50 value was 57 μM. Annexin V results indicated cell death by an apoptosis mechanism in cells treated with xylazine or in combination. Results demonstrated that xylazine use inhibits the endothelial cell proliferation, at lower concentrations than cocaine and 6-monoacetylmorphine. These findings contribute to the understanding of the toxicity mechanisms induced by xylazine on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Silva-Torres
- University of Puerto Rico, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Medicine, Medical Science Campus, Puerto Rico; Puerto Rico Institute of Forensic Science, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
| | - C Vélez
- Universidad Metropolitana, School of Environmental Affairs, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - J Lyvia Alvarez
- Puerto Rico Institute of Forensic Science, San Juan, Puerto Rico; University of Puerto Rico, School of Health Professions, Medical Science Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - J G Ortiz
- University of Puerto Rico, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Medicine, Medical Science Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - B Zayas
- University of Puerto Rico, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Medicine, Medical Science Campus, Puerto Rico; Universidad Metropolitana, School of Environmental Affairs, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Jennings P, Aschauer L, Wilmes A, Gstraunthaler G. Renal Cell Culture. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0521-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Stasko NA, Johnson CB, Schoenfisch MH, Johnson TA, Holmuhamedov EL. Cytotoxicity of polypropylenimine dendrimer conjugates on cultured endothelial cells. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3853-9. [PMID: 18004811 DOI: 10.1021/bm7008203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity and time-dependent membrane disruption by polypropylenimine dendrimer conjugates on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) is reported. Fluorescently labeled derivatives of generation 5 polypropylenimine dendrimers were prepared via conversion of amines to acetamides or through the covalent attachment of high molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. Direct interactions between the fluorescent dendrimer conjugates and HUVEC were monitored using confocal fluorescence microscopy to track dendrimer movement across the plasma membrane and the fluorescent staining of cell nuclei. Propidium iodide and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assays confirmed that chemical modification of the surface amines of the parental dendrimer to neutral acetamide or PEG functionalities eliminated their acute cytotoxicity. Cationic primary-amine-containing dendrimers demonstrated drastic time-dependent changes in the plasma membrane permeability and prominent cytotoxicity. However, complete removal of the primary amines or masking of the cationic surface via PEGylation decreased dendrimer cytotoxicity. Thus, preventing electrostatic interactions of dendrimers with cellular membranes apparently is a necessary step toward minimizing the toxicity of delivery vehicles to the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Stasko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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