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Borgia P, Baldassari S, Pedemonte N, Alkhunaizi E, D'Onofrio G, Tortora D, Calì E, Scudieri P, Balagura G, Musante I, Diana MC, Pedemonte M, Vari MS, Iacomino M, Riva A, Chimenz R, Mangano GD, Mohammadi MH, Toosi MB, Ashrafzadeh F, Imannezhad S, Karimiani EG, Accogli A, Schiaffino MC, Maghnie M, Soler MA, Echiverri K, Abrams CK, Striano P, Fortuna S, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Zara F, Fiorillo C, Salpietro V. Genotype-phenotype correlations and disease mechanisms in PEX13-related Zellweger spectrum disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:286. [PMID: 35854306 PMCID: PMC9295491 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic variants in PEX-genes can affect peroxisome assembly and function and cause Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSDs), characterized by variable phenotypes in terms of disease severity, age of onset and clinical presentations. So far, defects in at least 15 PEX-genes have been implicated in Mendelian diseases, but in some of the ultra-rare ZSD subtypes genotype–phenotype correlations and disease mechanisms remain elusive. Methods We report five families carrying biallelic variants in PEX13. The identified variants were initially evaluated by using a combination of computational approaches. Immunofluorescence and complementation studies on patient-derived fibroblasts were performed in two patients to investigate the cellular impact of the identified mutations. Results Three out of five families carried a recurrent p.Arg294Trp non-synonymous variant. Individuals affected with PEX13-related ZSD presented heterogeneous clinical features, including hypotonia, developmental regression, hearing/vision impairment, progressive spasticity and brain leukodystrophy. Computational predictions highlighted the involvement of the Arg294 residue in PEX13 homodimerization, and the analysis of blind docking predicted that the p.Arg294Trp variant alters the formation of dimers, impairing the stability of the PEX13/PEX14 translocation module. Studies on muscle tissues and patient-derived fibroblasts revealed biochemical alterations of mitochondrial function and identified mislocalized mitochondria and a reduced number of peroxisomes with abnormal PEX13 concentration. Conclusions This study expands the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of PEX13-related ZSDs and also highlight a variety of disease mechanisms contributing to PEX13-related clinical phenotypes, including the emerging contribution of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathophysiology of ZSDs.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02415-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Borgia
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pedemonte
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ebba Alkhunaizi
- Department of Genetics, North York General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gianluca D'Onofrio
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Tortora
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Calì
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ganna Balagura
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Diana
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Pedemonte
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Chimenz
- Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Mangano
- Department Pro.M.I.S.E. "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Imannezhad
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW170RE, UK.,Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Schiaffino
- Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, Department of General and Specialist Pediatric Sciences, University of Genoa, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic and Endocrinology Unit, Department of General and Specialist Pediatric Sciences, University of Genoa, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Miguel Angel Soler
- Computational Modelling of Nanoscale and Biophysical Systems Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Karl Echiverri
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506, USA
| | - Charles K Abrams
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Computational Modelling of Nanoscale and Biophysical Systems Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134, Trieste, Italy
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK. .,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Kim JT, Won SY, Kang K, Kim SH, Park MS, Choi KH, Nam TS, Denis SW, Ferdinandusse S, Lee JE, Choi SY, Kim MK. ACOX3 Dysfunction as a Potential Cause of Recurrent Spontaneous Vasospasm of Internal Carotid Artery. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1041-1051. [PMID: 31975215 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous vasospasm of the extracranial internal carotid artery (RSV-eICA) is a rarely recognized cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. However, its pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Through whole-exome sequencing of the ACOX3 gene of two dizygotic Korean twin brothers affected by RSV-eICA, we identified two compound heterozygous missense variants c.235 T > G (p.F79 V) and c.665G > A (p.G222E). In silico analysis indicated that both variants were classified as pathogenic. In vitro ACOX3 enzyme assay indicated practically no enzyme activity in both F79 V and G222E mutants. To determine the effect of the mutants on vasospasm, we used a collagen contraction assay on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, induces contraction of HASMC. Knockdown of ACOX3 in HASMC, using siRNA, significantly repressed HASMC contraction triggered by carbachol. The carbachol-induced HASMC contraction was restored by transfection with plasmids encoding siRNA-resistant wild-type ACOX3, but not by transfection with ACOX3 G222E or by co-transfection with ACOX3 F79 V and ACOX3 G222E, indicating that the two ACOX3 mutants suppress carbachol-induced HASMC contraction. We propose that an ACOX3 dysfunction elicits a prolonged loss of the basal aortic myogenic tone. As a result, smooth muscles of the ICA's intermediate segment, in which the sympathetic innervation is especially rich, becomes hypersensitive to sympathomimetic stimuli (e.g., heavy exercise) leading to a recurrent vasospasm. Therefore, ACOX3 dysfunction would be a causal mechanism of RSV-eICA. For the first time, we report the possible involvement of ACOX3 in maintaining the basal myogenic tone of human arterial smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Won
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - KyungWook Kang
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Tai-Seung Nam
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Simone W Denis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
| | - Myeong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
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Faust JE, Manisundaram A, Ivanova PT, Milne SB, Summerville JB, Brown HA, Wangler M, Stern M, McNew JA. Peroxisomes are required for lipid metabolism and muscle function in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100213. [PMID: 24945818 PMCID: PMC4063865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles that perform lipid and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Defects in peroxisome biogenesis cause peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs). The most severe PBD, Zellweger syndrome, is characterized in part by neuronal dysfunction, craniofacial malformations, and low muscle tone (hypotonia). These devastating diseases lack effective therapies and the development of animal models may reveal new drug targets. We have generated Drosophila mutants with impaired peroxisome biogenesis by disrupting the early peroxin gene pex3, which participates in budding of pre-peroxisomes from the ER and peroxisomal membrane protein localization. pex3 deletion mutants lack detectible peroxisomes and die before or during pupariation. At earlier stages of development, larvae lacking Pex3 display reduced size and impaired lipid metabolism. Selective loss of peroxisomes in muscles impairs muscle function and results in flightless animals. Although, hypotonia in PBD patients is thought to be a secondary effect of neuronal dysfunction, our results suggest that peroxisome loss directly affects muscle physiology, possibly by disrupting energy metabolism. Understanding the role of peroxisomes in Drosophila physiology, specifically in muscle cells may reveal novel aspects of PBD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Faust
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arvind Manisundaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pavlina T. Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Milne
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James B. Summerville
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - H. Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Stern
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James A. McNew
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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