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Vondrakova K, Novotny P, Kubova H, Posusta A, Boron J, Faberova V, Fabene PF, Burchfiel J, Tsenov G. Electrographic seizures induced by activation of ET A and ET B receptors following intrahippocampal infusion of endothelin-1 in immature rats occur by different mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113255. [PMID: 32084451 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that activation of either the ETA or ETB receptor can induce acute electrographic seizures following the intrahippocampal infusion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in immature (P12) rats. We also demonstrated that activation of the ETA receptor is associated with marked focal ischemia, while activation of the ETB receptor is not. Exploring the mechanisms underlying seizures induced by these two ET-1 receptor interactions can potentially provide insight into how focal ischemia in immature animals produces seizures and whether ischemiarelated seizures differ from seizures not associated with ischemia. To explore these seizure mechanisms we used microdialysis to determine biomarkers associated with seizures in P12 rats following the intrahippocampal infusion of two different agents: (1) ET-1, which activates both the ETA and ETB receptors and causes focal ischemia and (2) Ala-ET-1, which selectively activates only the ETB receptor and does not cause ischemia. Our results show that seizures associated with combined ETA and ETB receptor activation (and ischemia) have a different temporal distribution and microdialysis profile from seizures associated with ETB activation alone (and without ischemia). Seizures with combined activation peak within the first hour after infusion and the microdialysis profile is characterized by a significant increase in the ratio of glutamic acid to GABA. By contrast, seizures with activation of only the ETB receptor peak in the second hour after infusion and microdialysis shows a significant increase in the ratio of leukotriene B4 to prostaglandin E2. These findings suggest that ischemia-related seizures in immature animals involve an imbalance of excitation and inhibition, while non-ischemiarelated seizures involve an inflammatory process resulting from an excess of leukotrienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Vondrakova
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles university in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novotny
- Essence Line, Plzeňská 130/221, 150 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kubova
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Posusta
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Boron
- Essence Line, Plzeňská 130/221, 150 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Faberova
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; Veterinary Clinic Well-vet, 14100 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Francesco Fabene
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; INN, Istituto Nazionale delle Neuroscienze, Verona, Italy
| | - James Burchfiel
- Strong Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 673, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Grygoriy Tsenov
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Fleck J, Temp FR, Marafiga JR, Jesse AC, Milanesi LH, Rambo LM, Mello CF. Montelukast reduces seizures in pentylenetetrazol-kindled mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:e5031. [PMID: 26909785 PMCID: PMC4792507 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20155031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) have been implicated in seizures and kindling; however, the effect of CysLT receptor antagonists on seizure frequency in kindled animals and changes in CysLT receptor expression after pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling have not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated whether the CysLT1 inverse agonist montelukast, and a classical anticonvulsant, phenobarbital, were able to reduce seizures in PTZ-kindled mice and alter CysLT receptor expression. Montelukast (10 mg/kg, sc) and phenobarbital (20 mg/kg, sc) increased the latency to generalized seizures in kindled mice. Montelukast increased CysLT1 immunoreactivity only in non-kindled, PTZ-challenged mice. Interestingly, PTZ challenge decreased CysLT2 immunoreactivity only in kindled mice. CysLT1 antagonists appear to emerge as a promising adjunctive treatment for refractory seizures. Nevertheless, additional studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical implications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fleck
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - F R Temp
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - J R Marafiga
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - A C Jesse
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - L H Milanesi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - L M Rambo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - C F Mello
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Trindade BC, Sorgi CA, Nicolete LDDF, Malta TM, Pinto MT, Takayanagui OM, Covas DT, Filho OAM, Kashima S, Faccioli LH. Leukotrienes are upregulated and associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated neuroinflammatory disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51873. [PMID: 23284797 PMCID: PMC3527467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators involved in several inflammatory disorders. We investigated the LT pathway in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection by evaluating LT levels in HTLV-1-infected patients classified according to the clinical status as asymptomatic carriers (HACs) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients. Bioactive LTB4 and CysLTs were both increased in the plasma and in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures of HTLV-1-infected when compared to non-infected. Interestingly, CysLT concentrations were increased in HAM/TSP patients. Also, the concentration of plasma LTB4 and LTC4 positively correlated with the HTLV-1 proviral load in HTLV-1-infected individuals. The gene expression levels of LT receptors were differentially modulated in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of HTLV-1-infected patients. Analysis of the overall plasma signature of immune mediators demonstrated that LT and chemokine amounts were elevated during HTLV-1 infection. Importantly, in addition to CysLTs, IP-10 was also identified as a biomarker for HAM/TSP activity. These data suggest that LTs are likely to be associated with HTLV-1 infection and HAM/TSP development, suggesting their putative use for clinical monitoring.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines/genetics
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Female
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Leukotrienes/genetics
- Leukotrienes/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/immunology
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/metabolism
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/virology
- Proviruses/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Leukotriene/genetics
- Receptors, Leukotriene/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Caetano Trindade
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia das Parasitoses, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Artério Sorgi
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia das Parasitoses, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tathiane Maistro Malta
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular/Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Tomazini Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular/Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Massaiti Takayanagui
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular/Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins Filho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Células-Tronco e Terapia Celular/Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunologia das Parasitoses, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Rehni AK, Singh TG. Modulation of leukotriene D4 attenuates the development of seizures in mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 85:97-106. [PMID: 21641195 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study has been designed to pharmacologically investigate the effect of Montelukast sodium, a leukotriene D(4) receptor antagonist, and 1,2,3,4, tetrahydroisoquinoline, a leukotriene D(4) synthetic pathway inhibitor, on the pathophysiological progression of seizures using mouse models of kindled epilepsy and status epilepticus induced spontaneous recurrent seizures. Pentylenetetrazole (40 mg kg(-1)) (PTZ) administration every second day for a period of 15 d was used to elicit chemically induced kindled seizure activity in mice. In a separate set of groups, fifty consecutive electroshocks were delivered to mice using corneal electrodes with continuously increasing intensity with an inter-shock interval of 40s. Severity of kindled seizures was assessed in terms of a composite kindled seizure severity score (KSSS). Pilocarpine (100 mg kg(-1)) was injected every twenty minutes until the onset of status epilepticus. A spontaneous recurrent seizure severity score (SRSSS) was recorded as a measure of quantitative assessment of the progressive development of spontaneous recurrent seizures induced after pilocarpine status epilepticus. Sub-acute PTZ administration and electroshock induced the development of severe form of kindled seizures in mice. Severity of kindled seizures was assessed in terms of a composite kindled seizure severity score. Further, pharmacological status epilepticus elicited a progressive evolution of spontaneous recurrent seizures in the animals. However, Montelukast sodium, a leukotriene D(4) receptor antagonist, as well as 1,2,3,4, tetrahydroisoquinoline, a leukotriene D(4) synthetic pathway inhibitor, markedly and dose dependently suppressed the development of kindled seizures as well as pilocarpine induced spontaneous recurrent seizures. Therefore, leukotriene D(4) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Rehni
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Neu IS, Metzger G, Zschocke J, Zelezny R, Mayatepek E. Leukotrienes in patients with clinically active multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2002; 105:63-6. [PMID: 11903112 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2002.00070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of leukotrienes (LTs) in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been controversially discussed in the past. Studies of LTs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed different results mainly because of analytical difficulties. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study we used highly sensitive and specific analytical methods for measuring LTs in the CSF as well as in urine samples from 20 patients with active MS and 20 control patients with noninflammatory neurological disorders. RESULTS LTB4 concentrations in CSF were almost twice as high in MS patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). CSF concentrations of the cysteinyl-LTs (LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4) as well as urinary LTE4 showed no significant differences compared with controls (P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant association between CSF pleocytosis, clinical severity or time of disease onset. CONCLUSIONS The increased concentration of LTB4 in the CSF of MS patients may indicate a biological importance for this mediator in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Neu
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital, Academic Teaching, Hospital of Tübingen University, Sindelfingen, Germany.
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Willemsen MA, Rotteveel JJ, de Jong JG, Wanders RJ, IJlst L, Hoffmann GF, Mayatepek E. Defective metabolism of leukotriene B4 in the Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2001; 183:61-7. [PMID: 11166796 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome (SLS) is a neurocutaneous disorder, caused by deficient activity of the microsomal enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). FALDH catalyzes the oxidation of medium- and long-chain fatty aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. SLS is diagnosed by demonstrating the enzyme deficiency or by mutation analysis of the FALDH gene, while laboratory investigations of plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid do not reveal any diagnostic abnormality. Leukotriene (LT) B4 is a pro-inflammatory mediator synthesized from arachidonic acid. LTB4 is inactivated by microsomal omega-oxidation, successively yielding 20-OH-LTB4, 20-CHO-LTB4 and 20-COOH-LTB4. Since FALDH is involved in LTB4 degradation, we have analyzed LTB4 and its metabolites in urine and cerebrospinal fluid as well as the degradation capacity for LTB4 in fresh polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of SLS patients. The urinary concentrations of LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4 and 20-COOH-LTB4 are below the detection limit in healthy controls. The urine of all SLS patients (n=13) exhibited highly elevated concentrations of LTB4 and 20-OH-LTB4, while 20-COOH-LTB4 was absent. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4 and 20-COOH-LTB4 were found to be normal (n=7). PMN isolated from four patients were shown to be unable to convert 20-OH-LTB4 to 20-COOH-LTB4. Our findings provide unambiguous evidence for defective LTB4 degradation in SLS patients, and offer new and non-invasive diagnostic tools. Moreover, they open new pathophysiological considerations, with the prospect of rational treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Willemsen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center St. Radboud, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Lahat E, Livne M, Barr J, Katz Y. Interleukin-1beta levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of children with febrile seizures. Pediatr Neurol 1997; 17:34-6. [PMID: 9308973 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-8994(97)00034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We compared interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with febrile seizures with those of children with febrile illnesses without seizures (control). Twenty patients were included in the study, 10 with febrile seizures and 10 with febrile illness not complicated by seizures (control). Blood and CSF were obtained after the patients' admission to the hospital. IL-1beta levels were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay method. No significant differences were observed between mean IL-1beta levels in CSF (4.15 +/- 1.5 pg/ml) and blood (2.92 +/- 2.6 pg/ml) of the patients with febrile seizures group as compared with those in CSF (3.2 +/- 3.2 pg/ml) and blood (3.44 +/- 3.16 pg/ml) in the control group. These results do not support the hypothesis that increased production of IL-1beta or increased diffusion of IL-1beta through the blood-brain barrier is involved in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lahat
- Division of Pediatrics, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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