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Wang L, Bu T, Wu X, Gao S, Li X, De Jesus AB, Wong CKC, Chen H, Chung NPY, Sun F, Cheng CY. Cell-Cell Interaction-Mediated Signaling in the Testis Induces Reproductive Dysfunction—Lesson from the Toxicant/Pharmaceutical Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040591. [PMID: 35203242 PMCID: PMC8869896 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that cell-cell interactions between testicular cells, in particular at the Sertoli cell-cell and Sertoli-germ cell interface, are crucial to support spermatogenesis. The unique ultrastructures that support cell-cell interactions in the testis are the basal ES (ectoplasmic specialization) and the apical ES. The basal ES is found between adjacent Sertoli cells near the basement membrane that also constitute the blood-testis barrier (BTB). The apical ES is restrictively expressed at the Sertoli-spermatid contact site in the apical (adluminal) compartment of the seminiferous epithelium. These ultrastructures are present in both rodent and human testes, but the majority of studies found in the literature were done in rodent testes. As such, our discussion herein, unless otherwise specified, is focused on studies in testes of adult rats. Studies have shown that the testicular cell-cell interactions crucial to support spermatogenesis are mediated through distinctive signaling proteins and pathways, most notably involving FAK, Akt1/2 and Cdc42 GTPase. Thus, manipulation of some of these signaling proteins, such as FAK, through the use of phosphomimetic mutants for overexpression in Sertoli cell epithelium in vitro or in the testis in vivo, making FAK either constitutively active or inactive, we can modify the outcome of spermatogenesis. For instance, using the toxicant-induced Sertoli cell or testis injury in rats as study models, we can either block or rescue toxicant-induced infertility through overexpression of p-FAK-Y397 or p-FAK-Y407 (and their mutants), including the use of specific activator(s) of the involved signaling proteins against pAkt1/2. These findings thus illustrate that a potential therapeutic approach can be developed to manage toxicant-induced male reproductive dysfunction. In this review, we critically evaluate these recent findings, highlighting the direction for future investigations by bringing the laboratory-based research through a translation path to clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Tiao Bu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Xinyao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | | | - Chris K. C. Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Nancy P. Y. Chung
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (C.Y.C.)
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (C.Y.C.)
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El-Demerdash FM, El-Sayed RA, Abdel-Daim MM. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil modulates renal toxicity and oxidative stress induced by potassium dichromate in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126791. [PMID: 34022565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromium hexavalent (CrVI) is known as a toxic contaminant that induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in humans and animals. Rosmarinus officinalis is a perennial herb rich in biologically active constituents that have powerful antioxidant properties. So, the current work evaluated the effectiveness of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (REO) against alterations induced by potassium dichromate in the kidney of male rats. METHODS GC-MS analysis, in vitro total phenol contents, and DPPH scavenging activity of REO were estimated. Thirty-five Wistar male rats were categorized into 5 groups. The first group was the control, the second one was orally administered rosemary essential oil (REO; 0.5 mL/kg BW), the third group was injected intraperitoneally with hexavalent chromium (CrVI; 2 mg/kg BW) for 14 days, the fourth group used as the protective group (REO was administrated 30 min before i.p. injection of CrVI) and the fifth group applied as the therapeutic group (rats injected with CrVI 30 min followed by oral administration of REO), respectively. RESULTS Twenty-nine components were detected with high total phenolic contents and high DPPH scavenging activity. Results revealed that CrVI- intoxicated rats showed a valuable increase in oxidative stress profile (TBARS and H2O2) and a notable decline in glutathione (GSH), total protein content, and enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST). Furthermore, serum kidney functions biomarkers (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) were increased significantly. Also, the administration of CrVI showed histological and immunohistochemical (PCNA-ir) changes in rat kidney tissue. Otherwise, administration of REO pre or post-treatment with CrVI significantly restored most of the biochemical parameters in addition to improvement in kidney tissue architecture. Moreover, individual intake with REO exhibited an amendment in oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Conclusively, REO had a potential antioxidant capacity in ameliorating K2Cr2O7-induced nephrotoxicity, especially in the protection group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Raghda A El-Sayed
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt.
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Baratzadeh Poustchi F, Tabatabaei Yazdi F, Heidari A, Moosavi Z. Evaluation of chromium accumulation and resulting histopathological changes in Libyan jirds (Mammals, Rodentia), affected by effluent from Ghazghan leather industrial town, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39343-39353. [PMID: 32648223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The leather industry is one of the major producers of wastewater, releasing large amounts of various chemicals into the environment. Chromium (Cr) is the most commonly used agent in the tanning industry. Accumulation in the animal body can adversely affect the functioning of animal tissues. The current study investigated the toxic effects of Cr on lung, kidney, liver, and testicular tissues in Libyan jirds (Meriones libycus) inhabiting the area surrounding Ghazghan leather industrial town, Mashhad, Iran. Average Cr concentrations were found to be significantly higher in samples from contaminated areas than controls (p < 0.05). The highest accumulation of Cr was found in lung tissue, while the liver tissue showed the lowest. The results also showed that sex and age had no significant effect on Cr accumulation in any tissue at either sampling area (p < 0.05). Histological analyses showed that Cr accumulation had caused changes in tissue samples from Libyan jirds from the contaminated area. Hyperemia was observed in all tissues. In kidney tissue, necrosis and degeneration of the epithelial cells of the tubules were seen as well, and in one case, we also observed hemorrhage. In liver tissue, necrosis, degeneration, and inflammation were observed, along with one case, of fibrosis. In lung tissue, we observed emphysema, hemorrhage, and inflammation. Testicular tissue also showed a considerable lesion. Given the proximity of specimens' habitat to an area of importance, i.e., the industrial town, and the species' dependence on its habitat for nutrition, Libyan jirds are particularly useful for monitoring. Thus, they can be used to monitor the level of contamination in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Baratzadeh Poustchi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tabatabaei Yazdi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ava Heidari
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Moosavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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El-Demerdash FM, Jebur AB, Nasr HM, Hamid HM. Modulatory effect of Turnera diffusa against testicular toxicity induced by fenitrothion and/or hexavalent chromium in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:330-339. [PMID: 30578656 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and increased production of reactive oxygen species have been implicated in pesticides and heavy metals toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Turnera diffusa Willd (damiana) on counteracting fenitrothion (FNT) and/or potassium dichromate (CrVI)-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative injury in rats. FNT and/or CrVI intoxicated animals revealed a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydrogen peroxide levels. While, reduced glutathione and protein content, as well as antioxidant enzymes, phosphatases, and aminotransferases activities, were significantly decreased. In addition, significant changes in testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were detected. Furthermore, histological and immunohistochemical alterations were observed in rat testes and this supported the observed biochemical changes. On the other hand, rats treated with damiana alone decreased lipid peroxidation and increased most of the examined parameters. Moreover, damiana pretreatment to FNT and/or CrVI-intoxicated rats showed significant improvement in lipid peroxidation, enzyme activities, and hormones as compared with their respective treated groups. Conclusively, rats treated with both FNT and/or CrVI showed pronounced hazardous effect especially in their combination group in addition, Turnera diffusa had a potential protective role against FNT and/or CrVI induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ali B Jebur
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Nasr
- Department of Pest Control and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hanin M Hamid
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Environmental chromium from the tannery industry induces altered reproductive endpoints in the wild female small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctatus). Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:145-158. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718814975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The populations of wild animals are declining in many parts of the world in response to man-made alterations in the environment. Environmental contamination due to heavy metals discharge from industry may contribute to the decline of wild animal populations by impacting their reproduction, growth, and development. In the leather tanning industry, chromium (Cr) is used as a basic component, but it is a potent toxicant that can affect many of the physiological functions of animals. In the current study, we investigated the reproductive toxicity of industrial Cr in female small Indian mongooses inhabiting a tannery area. Adult female specimens were live trapped from February 2015 to January 2016. Blood and other body tissues (ovaries, kidneys and liver) of the captured specimens were collected along with soil and water samples from the environment for analysis. The Cr concentrations were found significantly ( p < 0.0001) increased compared to control in the environment, blood, and all body tissues of the animals. Estradiol and progesterone levels were found to be significantly decreased in comparison with control ( p < 0.0001), along with reduced ovarian weights, while follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone levels were found significantly ( p < 0.0001) elevated. Light microscopy revealed significantly decreased in comparison with control ovarian follicle numbers ( p < 0.0001) and diameters, vacuolization of the oocytes, and a significantly higher percentage of atretic follicles inside the ovary. We conclude that Cr discharged from the tanneries is absorbed by the exposed female small Indian mongoose, leading to ovarian dysfunction with potential impairment of reproductive function.
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Chen SY, Chang CH, Hu CC, Chen CC, Chang YH, Hsieh PH. Metal ion concentrations and semen quality in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty: A prospective comparison between metal-on-metal and metal-on-polyethylene implants. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:544-51. [PMID: 26308866 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The widespread usage of metal-on-metal (MoM) articulations in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been tempered by concerns of increased metal ion production. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the influence of metal ion exposure on semen quality in young male patients undergoing THA. METHODS Male patients who were scheduled for unilateral THA and aged between 20 and 45 years were prospectively enrolled. Patients were sorted into MoM and metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) groups with equal case number. Semen and blood metal ion levels were measured and sperm analysis was performed before, 6 months after, and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS Compared to preoperative baseline, patients (n = 50) in both groups had increased cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) concentrations in blood and seminal fluid after surgery. Between-group comparisons at 6 months and 1 year after surgery showed that patients in the MoM group both had a greater Co concentration in blood and semen and a greater Cr concentration in blood and semen. Patients receiving MoM prosthesis had a reduced percentage of morphologically normal sperm, and decreases from the preoperative level (44.7%) were significant at 6 months (36.8%, p = 0.03) and 1 year (33.8%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our data shows a significantly greater concentration of metal ion in blood and semen in patients with MoM prosthesis with a reduced percentage of morphologically normal sperm. Despite small effects on sperm quality, some concerns remain. Further studies are necessary to determine sources of metal ion and to investigate effects on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hsin Hsieh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Abdel-Mohsien HS, Mahmoud MAM. Accumulation of Some Heavy Metals in <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> from the Nile in Egypt: Potential Hazards to Fish and Consumers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2015.69089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rana SVS. Perspectives in endocrine toxicity of heavy metals--a review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:1-14. [PMID: 24898714 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An attempt has been made to review the endocrine/hormonal implications of a few environmentally significant metals, viz, lead, mercury, cadmium, copper, arsenic and nickel, in man and animals. Special emphasis has been given to the adrenals, thyroid, testis, ovary and pancreas. Toxic metals can cause structural and functional changes in the adrenal glands. Their effects on steroidogenesis have been reviewed. It has been reported that thyroid hormone kinetics are affected by a number of metallic compounds. Occupational exposure to a few of these metals can cause testicular injury and sex hormone disturbances. Protective effects of a few antioxidants on their reproductive toxicity have also been discussed. Information gathered on female reproductive toxicity of heavy metals shows that exposure to these metals can lead to disturbances in reproductive performance in exposed subjects. Certain metals can cause injury to the endocrine pancreas. Exposure to them can cause diabetes mellitus and disturb insulin homeostasis. The need to develop molecular markers of endocrine toxicity of heavy metals has been suggested. Overall information described in this review is expected to be helpful in planning future studies on endocrine toxicity of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V S Rana
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, C. C. S. University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250 004, India,
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Tight junction proteins and oxidative stress in heavy metals-induced nephrotoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:730789. [PMID: 23710457 PMCID: PMC3654622 DOI: 10.1155/2013/730789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kidney is a target organ for heavy metals. They accumulate in several segments of the nephron and cause profound alterations in morphology and function. Acute intoxication frequently causes acute renal failure. The effects of chronic exposure have not been fully disclosed. In recent years increasing awareness of the consequences of their presence in the kidney has evolved. In this review we focus on the alterations induced by heavy metals on the intercellular junctions of the kidney. We describe that in addition to the proximal tubule, which has been recognized as the main site of accumulation and injury, other segments of the nephron, such as glomeruli, vessels, and distal nephron, show also deleterious effects. We also emphasize the participation of oxidative stress as a relevant component of the renal damage induced by heavy metals and the beneficial effect that some antioxidant drugs, such as vitamin A (all-trans-retinoic acid) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol), depict on the morphological and functional alterations induced by heavy metals.
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Tiwari AK, Pragya P, Ravi Ram K, Chowdhuri DK. Environmental chemical mediated male reproductive toxicity: Drosophila melanogaster as an alternate animal model. Theriogenology 2011; 76:197-216. [PMID: 21356551 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals have increased the human health risk. Recent epidemiological studies raised a concern for male reproduction given their observations of reduced sperm counts and altered semen quality. Interestingly, environmental factors that include various metals, pesticides and their metabolites have been causally linked to such adversities by their presence in the semen at levels that correlate to infertility. The epidemiological observations were further supported by studies in animal models involving various chemicals. Therefore, in this review, we focused on male reproductive toxicity and the adverse effects of different environmental chemicals on male reproduction. However, it is beyond the scope of this review to provide a detailed appraisal of all of the environmental chemicals that have been associated with reproductive toxicity in animals. Here, we provided the evidence for reproductive adversities of some commonly encountered chemicals (pesticides/metals) in the environment. In view of the recent thrust for an alternate to animal models in research, we subsequently discussed the contributions of Drosophila melanogaster as an alternate animal model for quick screening of toxicants for their reproductive toxicity potential. Finally, we emphasized the genetic and molecular tools offered by Drosophila for understanding the mechanisms underlying the male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Tiwari
- Embryotoxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
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Evaluation of in vivo reproductive toxicity of potassium chromate in male mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:391-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mishra AK, Mohanty B. Acute toxicity impacts of hexavalent chromium on behavior and histopathology of gill, kidney and liver of the freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 26:136-141. [PMID: 21783901 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in behavioral patterns and histopathology of gill, kidney and liver were studied in Channa punctatus, after acute exposure to hexavalent chromium. The 96h LC(50) of chromium salt, potassium dichromate was determined to be 41.75mg/L. The exposed fish displayed erratic swimming and became lethargic. The changes in gills were characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, oedema, epithelial lifting, epithelial necrosis and desquamation, aneurism as well as curling of secondary lamellae. Hypertrophy of epithelial cells of renal tubules with reduced lumens, atrophy of the renal tubules, glomeruli contraction in the Bowman's capsules and necrosis of haematopoietic tissues were observed in the trunk kidney of exposed fish. The interrenal cells of the head kidney exhibited distinct hypertrophy and vacuolization. The liver hepatocytes showed cytoplasmic vacuolization with the lateral nuclei arrangement. Hepatocytes atrophy and increase in sinusoidal space were also observed. The result showed that acute chromium toxicity severely affects the vital organs and normal behavior which may be deleterious for fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Mishra
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
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Aruldhas MM, Subramanian S, Sekhar P, Vengatesh G, Govindarajulu P, Akbarsha MA. In vivo spermatotoxic effect of chromium as reflected in the epididymal epithelial principal cells, basal cells, and intraepithelial macrophages of a nonhuman primate (Macaca radiata Geoffroy). Fertil Steril 2006; 86:1097-105. [PMID: 16949592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand, through a simulation experiment in a nonhuman primate model, the potential in vivo spermatotoxic toxic effect of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) in men who are occupationally or environmentally exposed to it. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING Research laboratory in a department of endocrinology in a university in India. ANIMAL(S) Male bonnet monkey, Macaca radiata Geoffroy. INTERVENTION(S) Monkeys were exposed ad libitum to 100, 200, and 400 ppm CrVI, dissolved in drinking water, for a chronic period of 180 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Examination of epididymis with a transmission electron microscope and assessment of the effect of CrVI in terms of accumulation of sperm-derived lipofuscin (LF) material in the principal cells, basal cells, and intraepithelial macrophages of the epithelium. RESULT(S) The abundance of basal cells and intraepithelial macrophages and the content of LF material in these cell types increased. The principal cells phagocytosed from the lumen the dead sperm resulting from CrVI exposure and processed them partially into LF material, which was acquired by the basal cells and intraepithelial macrophages and processed further. The LF material-laden basal cells and intraepithelial macrophages appeared to leave the epithelium, accompanied by recruitment of fresh basal cells and intraepithelial macrophages. CONCLUSION(S) Occupational or environmental exposure to CrVI, as would occur in the tannery, soap, and other industries in developing and underdeveloped countries, can be toxic in vivo to spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariajoseph Michael Aruldhas
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India.
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Subramanian S, Rajendiran G, Sekhar P, Gowri C, Govindarajulu P, Aruldhas MM. Reproductive toxicity of chromium in adult bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata Geoffrey). Reversible oxidative stress in the semen. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 215:237-49. [PMID: 16678873 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress mediates chromium-induced reproductive toxicity. Monthly semen samples were collected from adult monkeys (Macaca radiata), which were exposed to varying doses (50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm) of chromium (as potassium dichromate) for 6 months through drinking water. Chromium treatment decreased sperm count, sperm forward motility and the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the concentration of reduced glutathione in both seminal plasma and sperm in a dose- and duration-dependent manner. On the other hand, the quantum of hydrogen peroxide in the seminal plasma/sperm from monkeys exposed to chromium increased with increasing dose and duration of chromium exposure. All these changes were reversed after 6 months of chromium-free exposure period. Simultaneous supplementation of vitamin C (0.5 g/L; 1.0 g/L; 2.0 g/L) prevented the development of chromium-induced oxidative stress. Data support the hypothesis and show that chronic chromium exposure induces a reversible oxidative stress in the seminal plasma and sperm by creating an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant system, leading to sperm death and reduced motility of live sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthivinayagam Subramanian
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai-600 113, India.
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Kumar S, Sathwara NG, Gautam AK, Agarwal K, Shah B, Kulkarni PK, Patel K, Patel A, Dave LM, Parikh DJ, Saiyed HN. Semen quality of industrial workers occupationally exposed to chromium. J Occup Health 2005; 47:424-30. [PMID: 16230836 DOI: 10.1539/joh.47.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of sixty-one subjects occupationally exposed to chromium in an industry which manufactures chromium sulphate and fifteen control subjects from a nearby industry which does not manufacture any chromium related compounds were studied. The history of each subject was recorded on pre-designed form through interview and a routine medical examination was carried out. Blood samples (5-6 ml) were collected for the estimation of chromium and semen samples were collected for semen analysis and the determination of copper and zinc levels in the seminal plasma. Clinical examination revealed nasal perforation in 10 subjects (out of 61) in the exposed group as compared to none in the control group. A significantly higher level of chromium was observed in the blood of the exposed workers as compared to the control. The concentration of zinc in seminal plasma was lower while the level of copper was higher in the exposed group as compared to the control. However, these changes were not statistically significant. Statistically significant higher numbers of morphologically abnormal sperms were noticed in the exposed group with respect to the control. Further analysis of the data indicated that about 53% of the exposed subjects showed less than 30% normal forms as compared to 10% in control subjects. However, no significant alterations in semen volume, liquefaction time, mean pH value, sperm viability, concentration or motility, were noticed between chromium exposed and unexposed workers. The data also indicates that exposure to chromium has some effect on human sperm as a significant positive correlation (r=0.301) was observed between percentages of abnormal sperm morphology and blood chromium levels (p=0.016) after pooling all the data of the control and exposure groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Reproductive Toxicology and Histochemistry Division, National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmedabad, India.
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Aruldhas MM, Subramanian S, Sekar P, Vengatesh G, Chandrahasan G, Govindarajulu P, Akbarsha MA. Chronic chromium exposure-induced changes in testicular histoarchitecture are associated with oxidative stress: study in a non-human primate (Macaca radiata Geoffroy). Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2801-13. [PMID: 15980013 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive toxicity of chromium is in dispute despite positive findings in rodents. Recently we reported epididymal toxicity of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) in bonnet monkeys and in this paper we report its testicular toxicity. METHODS Adult monkeys (Macaca radiata) were given drinking water containing CrVI (100, 200, 400 p.p.m.) for 6 months and testes were removed for ultrastructural and biochemical analyses. RESULTS CrVI treatment disrupted spermatogenesis, leading to accumulation of prematurely released spermatocytes, spermatids and uni- and multinucleate giant cells in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Transmission electron microscopy revealed granulation of chromatin and vacuolation between acrosomal cap and manchette microtubules of elongated spermatids and in the Golgi area of round spermatids. Pachytene spermatocytes had fragmented chromatin and swollen mitochondria with collapsed cristae. Spermatocytes and spermatogonia in the basal compartment were unaffected. Macrophages containing phagocytosed sperm and dense inclusions in Sertoli cells were seen. Specific activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and concentrations of the non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione, vitamins A, C and E decreased, while concentrations of H(2)O(2) and hydroxyl radicals increased in the testis of chromium-treated monkeys. Withdrawal of chromium treatment for 6 months normalized spermatogenesis and the status of pro- and antioxidants in the testis. CONCLUSIONS CrVI disrupts spermatogenesis by inducing free radical toxicity, and supplementation of antioxidant vitamins may be beneficial to the affected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michael Aruldhas
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India.
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Aruldhas MM, Subramanian S, Sekhar P, Hasan GC, Govindarajulu P, Akbarsha MA. Microcanalization in the epididymis to overcome ductal obstruction caused by chronic exposure to chromium – a study in the mature bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata Geoffroy). Reproduction 2004; 128:127-37. [PMID: 15232070 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to apprehend the toxic effects of chromium, an occupational/environmental pollutant, on the epididymis, adult bonnet monkeys were exposed to chromium (VI) in their drinking water at concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 p.p.m. for a chronic period of 180 days. At the end of the experimental period, testicles and segments of epididymis from control and treated monkeys were subjected to light microscopic (resin-embedded semi-thin sections) and transmission electron microscopic analyses. Among the various changes undergone by the epididymal epithelium, the present paper describes the origin of two different kinds of microcanals, probably caused by ductal obstruction. The first type of microcanal, which appears to provide passage for spermatozoa to bypass the obstructed main duct, is comparable with the one already reported in carbendazim-treated efferent ductules of the rat. The second type of microcanal, which is novel, consisted of a lumen in the epithelium enclosed by four to five cells, which are either modified basal cells, principal cells or a hitherto unknown cell type. This novel type of microcanal is suggested to be a device to entrap the spermatozoa which reach the core of the epithelium and may be a mechanism to prevent extravasation of sperm so as to avoid an autoimmune response of spermatic granuloma formation. Thus, the present study has shown that chronic exposure to chromium (VI) through drinking water can produce pathological manifestations in the epididymal epithelium but the epididymis, being a versatile organ, is capable of overcoming such adverse situations through novel devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michael Aruldhas
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India.
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Acharya UR, Mishra M, Mishra I, Tripathy RR. Potential role of vitamins in chromium induced spermatogenesis in Swiss mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2004; 15:53-59. [PMID: 21782680 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2003] [Accepted: 08/11/2003] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) (VI) compounds are known carcinogens and mutagens. The mechanism of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity caused by chromium(VI) compounds remained unclear for several years. However, in the recent past chromium-induced carcinogenicity and/or mutagenicity was known to happen due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present context, chromic acid (CrO(3)), a potential Cr(VI) compound could be able to generate reactive oxygen radicals in the testes of Swiss mice as evidenced from significantly higher lipid peroxidation compared to untreated controls. The cytotoxic effects of the compound on the testes are depicted in terms of significantly reduced sperm count level accompanied with increased abnormal sperm population in treated mice. Supplementation of vitamins like Vitamin C and Vitamin E (Vit C and Vit E) to CrO(3) injected mice groups could partially prevent the incidence of abnormal sperm population and increased the sperm count. Of the two vitamins, taken for the study, Vit C happens to be more effective in ameliorating germ cells from degeneration and from mutation to abnormal sperm. Possible antioxidative role of both the vitamins have been studied for significant decrease in lipid peroxidation associated with marked elevation in sperm count level and significant decrease in the percentage of abnormal sperm formation in CrO(3)-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha R Acharya
- P.G. Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760007, Orissa, India
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