Effect of pollution and industrial development on degration of biomass-resource: A mathematical model with reference to Doon Valley

Modelling the dispersion of particulate matter (PM10) via wind erosion from opencast mining-Moldova Nouă tailings ponds, Romania

Historically, Romania is known as a mining site of mineral substances, including gold, silver, copper, lead, zin, uranium, manganese, salt, and coal, whereby their long periods of exploitation and extraction affected human health and the environment in various ways. In Moldova Nouă southwest region of Romania, we investigated the environmental impacts of mining activities on air quality over 2021. We quantified PM10 emission rates through in situ monitoring, dispersion modelling, and horizontal and vertical fluxes. Statistical metrics, including the fraction within factor 2 (FAC2), mean bias (MB), mean gross error (MGE), normalized mean bias (NMB), normalized mean gross error (NMGE), coefficient of efficiency (COE), index of agreements (IOAs), and Taylor diagram signifying standards deviation (SD), root mean squared error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (R), were used to evaluate the reliability of modelling results against observation. Results conclude that PM10 dispersion agrees with MB, MGE, NMB, NMGE, COE, IOA, and Taylor diagram and moderately with FAC2 metrics. PM10 hotspot was investigated in the vicinity of the tailings ponds of 115.5 µg m-3 annual mean, 563.7 µg m-3 daily mean, 63.3 µg m-2 s-1 annual horizontal flux, and 3.0 µg m-2 s-1 annual vertical flux. PM10 dispersion was identified to expand to Moldova Nouă City and nearby country Serbia. Findings concluded that a windy air mass accumulation across the overburdened dumps and ponds causes the increase of PM10 in the air, resulting in the region's pollution. Therefore, results recommend adopting a strategic mitigation measure for residents, policymakers, stakeholders, and urban planners.

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF MINING ACTIVITIES AND POLLUTION ON FOREST RESOURCES AND WILDLIFE POPULATION

In this paper, we develop a nonlinear mathematical model that investigates the impact of mining activities and pollution on forest resources and wildlife population. It is assumed that concentration of pollutants grows in the environment at a constant rate and also augments due to different mining activities prevailing in the forest area. The model is formulated in terms of differential equations and analyzed using elements of stability theory and numerical simulation. The obtained results depict that both forest resources as well as wildlife population get very much affected, either directly or indirectly, due to mining activities and environmental pollution. It is being concluded that, in order to save forests, an ecological balance is required to be maintained among forest resources, forest-dependent wildlife population, mining activities and environmental pollution.