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Yuhas D, Bowens JP, Van Nostrand S, Kelleher S, Yohannan P, Yohannan M. Mediastinal Air Collection in a Preterm Male. Neoreviews 2020; 21:e673-e677. [PMID: 33004560 DOI: 10.1542/neo.21-10-e673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darah Yuhas
- Department of Pediatrics, Wright Patterson AFB and Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH
| | - Joseph P Bowens
- Department of Pediatrics, Wright Patterson AFB and Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH
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Satia I, Dua B, Singh N, Killian K, O'Byrne PM. Tracheobronchomegaly, cough and recurrent chest infection: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00138-2020. [PMID: 32613017 PMCID: PMC7322912 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00138-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 49-year-old male ex-smoker was referred for recurrent chest infections requiring one course of antibiotics every winter, occurring over the last 20 years. Each episode is characterised by a productive cough with purulent sputum along with difficulty breathing, chest tightness and fatigue, but without haemoptysis. On some occasions, these symptoms were preceded by fever and rhinorrhoea. Each episode lasted ∼10 days and responded well to antibiotics. He had never been hospitalised for these infections, nor received a chest radiograph or sputum microbiology. He had been told that he developed episodes of pneumonia in his first year of life. Apart from these yearly infections, the patient was asymptomatic during the rest of the year. Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome (MKS) is a rare disease characterised by recurrent chest infections, and dilation of the trachea and main bronchi, most likely to due to atrophy of elastic fibreshttps://bit.ly/3azhDjr
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Satia
- McMaster University, Dept of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Hamilton, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Benny Dua
- McMaster University, Dept of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nina Singh
- McMaster University, Dept of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kieran Killian
- McMaster University, Dept of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- McMaster University, Dept of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Hamilton, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
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Morandi A, Macchini F, Ophorst M, Borzani I, Ciralli F, Farolfi A, Porro GA, Franzini S, Fabietti I, Persico N, Mosca F, Leva E. Tracheal Diameter and Respiratory Outcome in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Treated by Fetal Endoscopic Tracheal Occlusion. Fetal Diagn Ther 2018; 46:296-305. [PMID: 30481746 DOI: 10.1159/000491785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate tracheal diameters and their clinical impact in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) after fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO). METHODS Patients born with CDH between January 2012 and August 2016 were divided into two groups: noFETO and FETO. Tracheal diameters at three levels (T1, carina, and maximum tracheal dilation) on chest X-ray at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up, requirements of invasive and noninvasive respiratory support, the incidence of respiratory infections, and results of pulmonary function tests (PFT) were compared. RESULTS A total of 71 patients with CDH were born in the study period, and there were 34/41 survivors in the no-FETO group (82.9%) and 13/30 in the FETO group (43.3%). The maximum tracheal diameter was significantly greater in the FETO group at all ages. No differences were observed in the diameters at T1 and the carina, in the requirements of invasive and noninvasive respiratory support, and in the incidence respiratory infections. At the PFT (6-12 months), the FETO group presented higher respiratory rates (46.1 ± 6.2 vs. 36.5 ± 10.6, p = 0.02). No differences in PFT results were found between the groups after the 1st year of life. CONCLUSIONS The FETO procedure leads to persistent tracheomegaly. However, the tracheomegaly does not seem to have a significant clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Morandi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,
| | - Francesco Macchini
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marijke Ophorst
- NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Borzani
- Radiology Unit, Pediatric Division, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ciralli
- NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Farolfi
- NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Anna Porro
- Anesthesia and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Franzini
- Anesthesia and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Fabietti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Persico
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ernesto Leva
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Payandeh J, McGillivray B, McCauley G, Wilcox P, Swiston JR, Lehman A. A Clinical Classification Scheme for Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome). Lung 2015; 193:815-22. [PMID: 26189148 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome) is a rare disease characterized by tracheal enlargement and associated loss of elastic fibers in the trachea and main bronchi. MATERIALS MEDLINE, Index Medicus, and other databases were searched with pre-defined criteria to identify cases of tracheobronchomegaly (TBM). Two new cases of TBM were also identified from the Provincial Medical Genetics Program of British Columbia. RESULTS We identified 166 publications describing 365 occurrences of TBM. We observed that affected individuals could be grouped into subgroups according to clinical features. Type 1A (105 individuals) consists of infants who developed TBM after having undergone fetoscopic tracheal occlusion, and Type 1B patients (24 individuals) are infants and children who developed TBM after prolonged intubation. Type 2 individuals developed TBM following recurrent pulmonary infections (2A) (14 individuals) or pulmonary fibrosis (2B) (10 individuals). Type 3 represents TBM with evidence of extra-pulmonary elastolysis (18 individuals), and Type 4 denotes the development of TBM with no clear predisposing factors (196 individuals). Both of our patients had TBM and evidence of extra-pulmonary elastolysis. As well, one patient had a mildly dilated aortic root, which is a previously unreported co-occurrence. CONCLUSION We introduce a novel classification scheme, which may sort patients into etiologically distinct groups, furthering our understanding of its pathogenesis and potentially, prevention or therapy. We also hypothesize that TBM and generalized elastolysis may have etiological commonalities, suggesting a need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Payandeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, C234-4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Barbara McGillivray
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, C234-4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Graeme McCauley
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pearce Wilcox
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John R Swiston
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, C234-4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada.
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Braham W, Daboussi S, Darouaz S, Ben Salem H, Boudawara N, Knani J. [An unusual association: tracheobronchomegaly with a normal pulmonary function test]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2010; 66:363-366. [PMID: 21167446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tracheobronchomegaly is a rare condition characterised by marked dilation of the trachea and the main bronchi. The clinical presentation of this disease is nonspecific and the diagnosis is based on the radiological features, especially computed tomography of chest. Pulmonary function tests are often abnormal showing airflow limitation with increased residual volume. The authors report a rare case of a 31-year-old man presenting tracheobronchomegaly is normal pulmonary function test.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Braham
- Service de pneumologie et d'allergologie, CHU Tahar Sfar, 5111 Hiboun, Mahdia, Tunisie.
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Breysem L, Debeer A, Claus F, Proesmans M, De Keyzer F, Lewi P, Allegaert K, Smet MH, Deprest J. Cross-sectional Study of Tracheomegaly in Children after Fetal Tracheal Occlusion for Severe Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Radiology 2010; 257:226-32. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10092388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tracheal side effects following fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Radiol 2010; 40:670-3. [PMID: 20352401 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-010-1579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Reports of Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome in childhood are extremely rare, as it usually presents in the third or fourth decades. In the only other report of a case diagnosed in early childhood, the child was well at the time of publication. We report on a 15-month-old boy who presented with his first respiratory illness at age 3 months. His disease course was more severe than previously reported. Diagnosis was characteristically delayed until acute respiratory failure complicated a respiratory tract infection at 13 months, prompting high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) of the chest. He gradually deteriorated, eventually requiring ventilatory support; death occurred at age 15 months. This report illustrates the clinical heterogeneity of the syndrome. We review the theories about etiology and the recognized clinical findings in adults. Incidence may be higher than previously estimated, and tracheobronchomegaly (TBM) should be considered as a cause of respiratory failure and recurrent pneumonia in children where other investigations, including chest X-ray (CXR), are normal. A chest HRCT (cHRCT) scan and bronchoscopy are usually diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hubbard
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, City General Hospital, Stoke on Trent, UK
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Oppermann HC. Fehlbildungen. Thorax 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-55830-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Tracheobronchomegaly (TBM) was diagnosed on chest radiographs as an apparent dilatation of the trachea and main bronchi in four premature infants on prolonged mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome. In a retrospective study, the parameters of assisted ventilation, the Apgar score, the presence of conatal or later infection, and hypotension were reviewed and analyzed as factors possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of TBM in these infants. The results lead to the conclusion that TBM in premature infants on prolonged ventilatory support is an acquired condition though a congenital defect cannot be excluded as a probable predisposing factor. In the etiopathogenesis of TBM, a repeated barotrauma of prolonged ventilation is a crucial factor while the severity of lung disease and the degree of prematurity, hypotension, infection, and generally poor clinical condition, all appear to be relevant in the development of TBM in a premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zupancic
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloska, Slovenia
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