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Pereira VM, Geibprasert S, Krings T, Aurboonyawat T, Ozanne A, Toulgoat F, Pongpech S, Lasjaunias PL. Pathomechanisms of Symptomatic Developmental Venous Anomalies. Stroke 2008; 39:3201-15. [PMID: 18988912 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.521799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Although it is generally accepted that developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are benign vascular malformations, over the past years, we have seen patients with symptomatic DVAs. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study and a literature study to review how, when, and why DVAs can become clinically significant.
Methods—
Charts and angiographic films of 17 patients with DVAs whose 18 vascular symptoms could be attributed to a DVA were selected from a neurovascular databank of our hospital. MRI had to be available to rule out any other associated disease. In the literature, 51 cases of well-documented symptomatic DVAs were found. Pathomechanisms were divided into mechanical and flow-related causes.
Results—
Mechanical (obstructive or compressive) pathomechanisms accounted for 14 of 69 symptomatic patients resulting in hydrocephalus or nerve compression syndromes. Flow-related pathomechanisms (49 of 69 patients) could be subdivided into complications resulting from an increase of flow into the DVA (owing to an arteriovenous shunt using the DVA as the drainage route; n=19) or a decrease of outflow (n=26) or a remote shunt with increased venous pressure (n=4) leading to symptoms of venous congestion. In 6 cases, no specific pathomechanisms were detected.
Conclusions—
Although DVAs should be considered benign, under rare circumstances, they can be symptomatic. DVAs, as extreme variations of normal venous drainage, may represent a more fragile venous drainage system that can be more easily affected by in- and outflow alterations. The integrity of the DVA needs to be preserved irrespective of the treatment that should be tailored to the specific pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor M. Pereira
- From the Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique (V.M.P., S.G., T.K., T.A., A.O., F.T., P.L.L.), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France; the Department of Radiology (S.G., S.P.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Department of Neuroradiology (T.K.), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging (T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sasikhan Geibprasert
- From the Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique (V.M.P., S.G., T.K., T.A., A.O., F.T., P.L.L.), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France; the Department of Radiology (S.G., S.P.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Department of Neuroradiology (T.K.), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging (T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timo Krings
- From the Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique (V.M.P., S.G., T.K., T.A., A.O., F.T., P.L.L.), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France; the Department of Radiology (S.G., S.P.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Department of Neuroradiology (T.K.), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging (T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thaweesak Aurboonyawat
- From the Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique (V.M.P., S.G., T.K., T.A., A.O., F.T., P.L.L.), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France; the Department of Radiology (S.G., S.P.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Department of Neuroradiology (T.K.), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging (T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Augustin Ozanne
- From the Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique (V.M.P., S.G., T.K., T.A., A.O., F.T., P.L.L.), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France; the Department of Radiology (S.G., S.P.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Department of Neuroradiology (T.K.), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging (T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Frederique Toulgoat
- From the Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique (V.M.P., S.G., T.K., T.A., A.O., F.T., P.L.L.), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France; the Department of Radiology (S.G., S.P.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Department of Neuroradiology (T.K.), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging (T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sirintara Pongpech
- From the Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique (V.M.P., S.G., T.K., T.A., A.O., F.T., P.L.L.), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France; the Department of Radiology (S.G., S.P.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Department of Neuroradiology (T.K.), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging (T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pierre L. Lasjaunias
- From the Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique (V.M.P., S.G., T.K., T.A., A.O., F.T., P.L.L.), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France; the Department of Radiology (S.G., S.P.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Department of Neuroradiology (T.K.), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging (T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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