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Intracellular protein delivery using QRPL - A vacuolar targeting signal on carboxypeptidase Y. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 149:109848. [PMID: 34311885 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The signal peptide sequence is known to increase transport efficiency to organelles in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we focus on the signal peptide of the vacuolar protein for vacuolar targeting. The signal peptide sequence QRPL of carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) was inserted inside the interest protein that does not locate in the vacuole for vacuolar targeting. We constructed recombinant strains MBTL-Q-DJ1 and MBTL-Q-DJ2 containing QRPL and green florescent protein (GFP) or aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 (ALD6), respectively. The protein location was then confirmed by confocal microscopy. Fascinatingly, the green fluorescent protein that contains QRPL inside the sequence could be expressed faster than its natural form (within 1 h after induction). Also, the aldehyde removal activity of ALD6 protein in the recombinant yeast was then analyzed by measuring the luminescent intensity in Vibrio fischeri. We confirmed that MBTL-Q-DJ2 containing ALD6 protein has the aldehydes-reducing ability, and in particular, the highest efficiency showed at 500 μg/μL of vacuolar enzyme. In summary, the signal peptide QRPL could be used not only to transport proteins accurately to vacuole but also to improve the protein activity and shorten the induction time.
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Park DJ, Choi W, Bang SH, Kim SY, Wee JH, Kim YH, Min J. Vacuolar targeting of aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 tagging with signal peptide of proteinase A. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:341-350. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong J. Park
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; Jeonbuk National University; Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk South Korea
| | - Wooil Choi
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Jeonbuk National University; Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk South Korea
| | - Seung H. Bang
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; Jeonbuk National University; Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk South Korea
| | - Sang Y. Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; Shin Ansan University; Danwon-Gu Ansan South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Wee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; Shin Ansan University; Danwon-Gu Ansan South Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Seowon-Gu Cheongju South Korea
| | - Jiho Min
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; Jeonbuk National University; Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk South Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Jeonbuk National University; Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk South Korea
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The gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni metabolizes sugars with potential help from commensal Bacteroides vulgatus. Commun Biol 2020; 3:2. [PMID: 31925306 PMCID: PMC6946681 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni was considered asaccharolytic, >50% of sequenced isolates possess an operon for L-fucose utilization. In C. jejuni NCTC11168, this pathway confers L-fucose chemotaxis and competitive colonization advantages in the piglet diarrhea model, but the catabolic steps remain unknown. Here we solved the putative dehydrogenase structure, resembling FabG of Burkholderia multivorans. The C. jejuni enzyme, FucX, reduces L-fucose and D-arabinose in vitro and both sugars are catabolized by fuc-operon encoded enzymes. This enzyme alone confers chemotaxis to both sugars in a non-carbohydrate-utilizing C. jejuni strain. Although C. jejuni lacks fucosidases, the organism exhibits enhanced growth in vitro when co-cultured with Bacteroides vulgatus, suggesting scavenging may occur. Yet, when excess amino acids are available, C. jejuni prefers them to carbohydrates, indicating a metabolic hierarchy exists. Overall this study increases understanding of nutrient metabolism by this pathogen, and identifies interactions with other gut microbes.
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Resveratrol induced inhibition of Escherichia coli proceeds via membrane oxidation and independent of diffusible reactive oxygen species generation. Redox Biol 2014; 2:865-72. [PMID: 25009788 PMCID: PMC4087184 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol), a redox active phytoalexin with a large number of beneficial activities is also known for antibacterial property. However the mechanism of action of resveratrol against bacteria remains unknown. Due to its extensive redox property it was envisaged if reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by resveratrol could be a reason behind its antibacterial activity. Employing Escherichia coli as a model organism we have evaluated the role of diffusible reactive oxygen species in the events leading to inhibition of this organism by resveratrol. Evidence for the role of ROS in E. coli treated with resveratrol was investigated by direct quantification of ROS by flow cytometry, supplementation with ROS scavengers, depletion of intracellular glutathione, employing mutants devoid of enzymatic antioxidant defences, induction of adaptive response prior to resveratrol challenge and monitoring oxidative stress response elements oxyR, soxS and soxR upon resveratrol treatment. Resveratrol treatment did not result in scavengable ROS generation in E. coli cells. However, evidence towards membrane damage was obtained by potassium leakage (atomic absorption spectrometry) and propidium iodide uptake (flow cytometry and microscopy) as an early event. Based on the comprehensive evidences this study concludes for the first time the antibacterial property of resveratrol against E. coli does not progress via the diffusible ROS but is mediated by site-specific oxidative damage to the cell membrane as the primary event. Resveratrol possesses antibacterial property among a myriad of properties. However the reasons behind its antibacterial property remains poorly understood. We investigated the role of its redox property against the bacterium Escherichia coli. We reveal the process is free of diffusible reactive oxygen species (ROS). The initial event encompasses membrane damage.
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Kampf G, Ostermeyer C, Tschudin-Sutter S, Widmer AF. Resistance or adaptation? How susceptible is a 'glutaraldehyde-resistant' Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate in the absence of selection pressure? J Hosp Infect 2013; 84:316-8. [PMID: 23831280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The activities of glutaraldehyde solution and an instrument disinfectant based on glutaraldehyde on a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate with reduced susceptibility to glutaraldehyde after the first and fifth passages were determined using three concentrations and temperatures. No significant difference was found between the first and fifth passages so phenotypic adaptation is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kampf
- Bode Science Center, Bode Chemie GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
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Singh S, Brocker C, Koppaka V, Ying C, Jackson B, Matsumoto A, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Aldehyde dehydrogenases in cellular responses to oxidative/electrophilic stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 56. [PMID: 23195683 PMCID: PMC3631350 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated within living systems and the inability to manage ROS load leads to elevated oxidative stress and cell damage. Oxidative stress is coupled to the oxidative degradation of lipid membranes, also known as lipid peroxidation. This process generates over 200 types of aldehydes, many of which are highly reactive and toxic. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) metabolize endogenous and exogenous aldehydes and thereby mitigate oxidative/electrophilic stress in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. ALDHs are found throughout the evolutionary gamut, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular species. Not surprisingly, many ALDHs in evolutionarily distant, and seemingly unrelated, species perform similar functions, including protection against a variety of environmental stressors such as dehydration and ultraviolet radiation. The ability to act as an "aldehyde scavenger" during lipid peroxidation is another ostensibly universal ALDH function found across species. Upregulation of ALDHs is a stress response in bacteria (environmental and chemical stress), plants (dehydration, salinity, and oxidative stress), yeast (ethanol exposure and oxidative stress), Caenorhabditis elegans (lipid peroxidation), and mammals (oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation). Recent studies have also identified ALDH activity as an important feature of cancer stem cells. In these cells, ALDH expression helps abrogate oxidative stress and imparts resistance against chemotherapeutic agents such as oxazaphosphorine, taxane, and platinum drugs. The ALDH superfamily represents a fundamentally important class of enzymes that contributes significantly to the management of electrophilic/oxidative stress within living systems. Mutations in various ALDHs are associated with a variety of pathological conditions in humans, highlighting the fundamental importance of these enzymes in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chad Brocker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vindhya Koppaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chen Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian Jackson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Saga University School of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Corresponding author: Vasilis Vasiliou, Ph.D., , phone: 1 (303) 724-3520, fax: 1 (303) 724-7266
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Abstract
Oxidative damage to cellular constituents has frequently been associated with aging in a wide range of organisms. The power of yeast genetics and biochemistry has provided the opportunity to analyse in some detail how reactive oxygen and nitrogen species arise in cells, how cells respond to the damage that these reactive species cause, and to begin to dissect how these species may be involved in the ageing process. This chapter reviews the major sources of reactive oxygen species that occur in yeast cells, the damage they cause and how cells sense and respond to this damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- May T Aung-Htut
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia,
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Fernández L, Breidenstein EBM, Hancock REW. Creeping baselines and adaptive resistance to antibiotics. Drug Resist Updat 2011; 14:1-21. [PMID: 21288762 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of antimicrobial drugs in medicine gave hope for a future in which all infectious diseases could be controlled. Decades later it appears certain this will not be the case, because antibiotic resistance is growing relentlessly. Bacteria possess an extraordinary ability to adapt to environmental challenges like antimicrobials by both genetic and phenotypic means, which contributes to their evolutionary success. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that adaptation is a major mechanism behind the acquisition and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Adaptive resistance is a specific class of non-mutational resistance that is characterized by its transient nature. It occurs in response to certain environmental conditions or due to epigenetic phenomena like persistence. We propose that this type of resistance could be the key to understanding the failure of some antibiotic therapy programs, although adaptive resistance mechanisms are still somewhat unexplored. Similarly, hard wiring of some of the changes involved in adaptive resistance might explain the phenomenon of "baseline creep" whereby the average minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a given medically important bacterial species increases steadily but inexorably over time, making the likelihood of breakthrough resistance greater. This review summarizes the available information on adaptive resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fernández
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Asad NR, Asad LMBO, Almeida CEBD, Felzenszwalb I, Cabral-Neto JB, Leitão AC. Several pathways of hydrogen peroxide action that damage the E. coli genome. Genet Mol Biol 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572004000200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Assis MLB, De Mattos JCP, Caceres MR, Dantas FJS, Asad LMBO, Asad NR, Bezerra RJAC, Caldeira-de-Araújo A, Bernardo-Filho M. Adaptive response to H(2)O(2) protects against SnCl(2) damage: the OxyR system involvement. Biochimie 2002; 84:291-4. [PMID: 12106906 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(02)01390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The stannous ion, mainly the stannous chloride (SnCl(2)) salt form, is widely used as a reducing agent to label radiotracers with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc). These radiotracers can be employed as radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine procedures. In this case, there is no doubt about absorption of this complex, because it is intravenously administered in humans, although biological effects of these agents have not been fully understood. In this work we used a bacterial system to study the cytotoxic potential of stannous chloride. It is known that SnCl(2) induces lesions that could be mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We, thus, investigated the existence of cross-adaptive response between hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and SnCl(2) and the role of the OxyR system known to promote cellular protection against oxidative damages. Here we describe the results obtained with prior treatment of different Escherichia coli strains with sub-lethal doses of H(2)O(2), followed by incubation with SnCl(2). Our data show that H(2)O(2) is capable of inducing cross-adaptive response against the lethality promoted by SnCl(2), suggesting the OxyR system participation through catalase, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase and superoxide dismutase enzymes
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Affiliation(s)
- M L B Assis
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro, 87, RJ, 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Asad LM, de Carvalho AA, Felzenszwalb I, Leitão AC, Asad NR. H2O2-induced cross-protection against UV-C killing in Escherichia coli is blocked in a lexA (Def) background. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2000; 54:67-71. [PMID: 10739145 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(99)00158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pretreatment with 2.5 mM H2O2 protects E. coli cells against UV-C killing, a phenomenon independent of LexA cleavage. In this paper, we observe that this cross-protection response is neither dependent on the dinY gene product nor on the system that controls dinY, since H2O2 is able to induce cross-protection but not to induce the dinY gene in a lexA-noninducible strain [lexA (Ind-)]. Moreover, this response is not induced in a lexA (Def) background, suggesting that the expression of the SOS regulon may inhibit this cross-protection response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Asad
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Nunoshiba T, Yamamoto K. Role of glutathione on acrolein-induced cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in Escherichia coli. Mutat Res 1999; 442:1-8. [PMID: 10366767 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) is a well-known antioxidant, while there have been few reports indicating the contribution of glutathione to protection of Escherichia coli cells from the lethal effect of oxidative damage. Here, we report that depletion of glutathione causes hypersensitivity of E. coli to acrolein, the structurally simplest alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde derived from lipid peroxide-degradation, and that GSH can chemically react with acrolein in vitro thus reducing its toxicity. We further demonstrated that acrolein inactivates glutathione oxidoreductase followed by depletion of glutathione, probably as a part of the toxic effect of acrolein. These results suggested that GSH contributes to cellular defense against the toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nunoshiba
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biological Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Asad LM, Asad NR, Silva AB, Felzenszwalb I, Leitão AC. Hydrogen peroxide induces protection against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) effects in Escherichia coli. Mutat Res 1997; 383:137-42. [PMID: 9088346 DOI: 10.1016/s0921-8777(96)00053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cross-adaptive response is defined as the capacity of cells to become resistant to a lethal agent when pretreated with a different lethal substance. In the present paper, the cross-adaptive response between hydrogen peroxide and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was studied in Escherichia coli repair mutants. Our results suggest that high doses of H2O2 induces protection against the lethal effects of MNNG in wild-type strain, ada, ogt, ada-ogt, aidB and alkA mutants. On the other hand, the MNNG induced mutagenesis is reduced by H2O2 pretreatment in wild-type and ogt mutant strains, but not in ada mutant. Furthermore, the protecting effect induced by H2O2 is time dependent: it decreases 15 min after the pretreatment and, after 30 min, is almost abolished. This reduction in the protecting effect is followed by an augmentation in the mutation frequency when MNNG is added 30 min after H2O2 pretreatment. This cross-adaptive response may be due to a modification of the MNNG alkylation pattern in the oxidized DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Asad
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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