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Cationic Polystyrene Resin Bound Silver Nanocomposites Assisted Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Enhanced Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol in Aqueous Medium. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work reported a novel strategy to construct supported cationic-polystyrene-resin-bound silver nanocomposites for enhanced catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol in an aqueous medium. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used as a model instrument for the study of catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol using cationic-polystyrene-resin-bound silver nanocomposite materials. The mechanism is based on the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol due to the electron transfer process that occurred between donor borohydride (BH4−) and acceptor 4-nitrophenol. The polystyrene resin provides support and surface area to increase the catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles. The diffused reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the binding of silver particles onto the surface of cationic polystyrene resin beads. Furthermore, the catalyst was easily separated by the filtration and drying process and was able to reuse. A quantitative analysis of this work has also been performed. The linearity range, the limit of detection, and the limit of quantification obtained for the present method were 0.1 × 10−4 to 1.0 M, 0.6 M, and 2.1 M, respectively. Moreover, a good catalytic efficiency was found to be 96.8%. The advantages of the current method are its simplicity, sensitivity, rapidity, low cost, ease of preparation, and excellent catalytic efficiency to reduce 4-nitrophenol from an aqueous solution.
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Mekala M, Kalakuntala R, Suranani S. Kinetic modelling and simulations studies for propanoic acid esterification process. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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3
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Mulay A, Rathod V. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of ethyl hexanoate using heterogeneous catalyst: Optimization using Box-Behnken design. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Voggenreiter J, Ferre A, Burger J. Scale-up of the Continuous Production of Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ethers from Methanol and Formaldehyde in Tubular Reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Voggenreiter
- Laboratory of Chemical Process Engineering, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Uferstrasse 53, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Alvaro Ferre
- Laboratory of Chemical Process Engineering, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Uferstrasse 53, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jakob Burger
- Laboratory of Chemical Process Engineering, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Uferstrasse 53, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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Kon Y, Tsurumi S, Yamada S, Yokoi T, Fujitani T. Selective monoallylation of anilines to N-allyl anilines using reusable zirconium dioxide supported tungsten oxide solid catalyst. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11877-11884. [PMID: 35481092 PMCID: PMC9016830 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00198e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoallylation of aniline to give N-allyl aniline is a fundamental transformation process that results in various kinds of valuable building block allyl compounds, which can be used in the production of pharmaceuticals and electronic materials. For decades, sustainable syntheses have been gaining much attention, and the employment of allyl alcohol as an allyl source can follow the sustainability due to the formation of only water as a coproduct through dehydrative monoallylation. Although the use of homogeneous metal complex catalysts is a straightforward choice for the acceleration of dehydrative monoallylation, the use of soluble catalysts tends to contaminate products. We herein present a 10 wt% WO3/ZrO2 catalyzed monoallylation process of aniline to give N-allyl anilines in good yields with excellent selectivity, which enables the continuous selective flow syntheses of N-allyl aniline with 97–99% selectivity. The performed detailed study about the catalytic mechanism suggests that the dispersed WO3 with the preservation of the W(vi) oxidation state of 10 wt% WO3/ZrO2 with appropriate acidity and basicity is crucial for the monoallylation. The inhibition of the over allylation of the N-allyl anilines is explained by the unwilling contact of the N-allyl aniline with the active sites of WO3/ZrO2 due to the steric hindrance. We present a 10 wt% WO3/ZrO2 catalyzed monoallylation reaction of anilines to give various N-allyl anilines in good yields. The developed catalytic reaction is applicable to the continuous flow synthesis of N-allyl aniline with 97% selectivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kon
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Shota Tsurumi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamada
- Nanospace Catalysis Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yokoi
- Nanospace Catalysis Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tadahiro Fujitani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
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6
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Abida K, Ali A. A review on catalytic role of heterogeneous acidic catalysts during glycerol acetylation to yield acetins. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Rudelstorfer G, Neubauer M, Siebenhofer M, Lux S, Grafschafter A. Esterification of Acetic Acid with Methanol and Simultaneous Product Isolation by Liquid‐Liquid Extraction in a Taylor‐Couette Disc Contactor. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Rudelstorfer
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, NAWI Graz Inffeldgasse 25/C 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Maximilian Neubauer
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, NAWI Graz Inffeldgasse 25/C 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Matthäus Siebenhofer
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, NAWI Graz Inffeldgasse 25/C 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Susanne Lux
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, NAWI Graz Inffeldgasse 25/C 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Annika Grafschafter
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, NAWI Graz Inffeldgasse 25/C 8010 Graz Austria
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Zeferino RCF, Piaia VAA, Orso VT, Pinheiro VM, Zanetti M, Colpani GL, Padoin N, Soares C, Fiori MA, Riella HG. Neryl acetate synthesis from nerol esterification with acetic anhydride by heterogeneous catalysis using ion exchange resin. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Shinde RR, Farooqui M. One-Pot and Solvent Free Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-Ones Using Recyclable Resin Purolite CT275DR as a Heterogeneous Catalyst via Three-Component Biginelli-Like Reactions. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1984262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra R. Shinde
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Maulana Azad College of Arts, Science and Commerce Aurangabad, Aurangabad, India
| | - Mazahar Farooqui
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Maulana Azad College of Arts, Science and Commerce Aurangabad, Aurangabad, India
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Stipsitz P, Mandl M, Harasek M. Ethyl lactate production by reactive distillation - optimization of reaction kinetics and energy efficiency. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2021; 1:82. [PMID: 37645126 PMCID: PMC10445869 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13744.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Ethyl lactate is an environmentally benign solvent, which could substitute petrol-based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in many applications if production costs are reduced. It is usually produced by the esterification of lactic acid with ethanol - two important chemical building blocks of biorefineries that are available at industrial scale. Reactive distillation is a promising alternative production process, which utilises process intensification to increase energy efficiency and space-time yield by enhancing the reaction kinetics. Methods: In this work, process intensification of ethyl lactate production by means of distillation was analysed with special focus on the efficient separation of water. Different setups were evaluated. The feedstock requirements were studied and the process was optimized regarding reaction kinetics in experiments on laboratory level. The preparation of anhydrous starting mixtures for ethyl lactate formation was tested in batch experiments and applied to reactive distillation. The simultaneous distillation was optimized and assessed for its energy efficiency. For this purpose, integrated reactive distillation was compared to a simple setup for distillation enhanced esterification. Results: It was found that an optimized serial setup of reactors and distillation steps can offer similar process intensification at a lower distillate rate compared to simultaneous reactive distillation and is therefore more energy efficient. Moreover, the serial setup is more flexible and straight-forward to regulate and scale-up. Conclusions: Based on the experimental results, the optimal setup and parameters of a continuous process for ethyl lactate production by distillation enhanced esterification was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stipsitz
- tbw research GmbH, Grünbergstrasse 15, Vienna, 1120, Austria
| | - Michael Mandl
- tbw research GmbH, Grünbergstrasse 15, Vienna, 1120, Austria
| | - Michael Harasek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, Vienna, 1060, Austria
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11
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Bhongale P, Joshi S, Mali N. A comprehensive review on catalytic O-alkylation of phenol and hydroquinone. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2021.1930490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhongale
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National ChemicalLaboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sunil Joshi
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National ChemicalLaboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Nilesh Mali
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National ChemicalLaboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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12
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Mekala M. Kinetic studies on esterification of acetic acid with isopropyl alcohol in presence of novel solid catalyst. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The reaction of isopropyl alcohol with acetic acid was carried out in an isothermal batch reactor in presence of solid resin catalyst to produce isopropyl acetate and water. A novel solid resin catalyst Indion 140 was used in the present study. The temperature of reaction mixture was maintained in the range of 333.15 – 363.15 K. The effects of reaction temperature, catalyst loading, mole ratio, size of catalyst, agitation speed were investigated on acetic acid conversion. Further, pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was developed for the catalyzed reaction. The forward reaction rate constants and activation energies were determined from the Arrhenius plot. The forward and backward activation energies are found to 53,459 J/mol and 54,748 J/mol, respectively. The heat of reaction is −1.289 kJ/mol with Indion 140 catalyst. The mathematical equation was developed for frequency factor as function of the catalyst loading and found that it follows a linear relationship between frequency factor and catalyst loading. The simulations were performed for pseudo homogeneous kinetic model and found that the model is able to predict the experimental data very well. The developed kinetic equation is useful for the simulation of a reactive distillation column for the synthesis of isopropyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallaiah Mekala
- Department of Chemical Engineering , B V Raju Institute of Technology , Narsapur 502313 , India
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13
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An efficient multifunctional catalyst for one-pot synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone: Phosphor-doped h-BN with adjustable acid-base property as support. CATAL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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14
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Hu Y, Mei Y, Lin B, Du X, Xu F, Xie H, Wang K, Zhou Y. An active and stable multifunctional catalyst with defective UiO-66 as a support for Pd over the continuous catalytic conversion of acetone and hydrogen. RSC Adv 2020; 11:48-56. [PMID: 35423013 PMCID: PMC8690181 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09217g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The one-pot synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and methyl isobutyl methanol (MIBC) from acetone and hydrogen is a typical cascade reaction comprised of aldol condensation-dehydration-hydrogenation. Pd loss and aggregation during long term operation are typical problems in industrial application. In this paper, an active and stable catalyst was achieved with defective UiO-66 as a support for Pd, which was synthesized with the ratio 15 : 1 of ZrOCl2·8H2O to ZrCl4 as Zr-precursors. The resultant Pd catalyst remained active for at least 1000 h with a MIBK + MIBC selectivity of 84.87-93.09% and acetone conversion of 45.26-53.22% in a continuous trickle-bed reactor. Besides the increased Brønsted acid amount generated by the defect sites was favorable for the activity, the cavity confinement in the UiO-66 (R = 15 : 1) structure also efficiently prevented Pd loss and aggregation during the long term run. The contrast of the characterization of the fresh and used Pd/UiO-66 (R = 15 : 1) indicated that the deactivation of the catalyst was attributed to carbonaceous accumulation on the catalyst surface, which could be easily regenerated by calcination. This work supplied a new alternative for the design and utilization of industrial catalysts for MIBK and MIBC synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Yuxin Mei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Baining Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Xuhong Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Fan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Huasheng Xie
- Cangzhou Dahua Group Company, Ltd Cangzhou 061000 China
| | - Kang Wang
- Cangzhou Dahua Group Company, Ltd Cangzhou 061000 China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
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15
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Kamal S, Mahajani S. A Greener Alternative for the Synthesis of Methyl Pentenone Using Reusable Cation Exchange Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kamal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 076, India
| | - Sanjay Mahajani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 076, India
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16
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Vlasenko NV, Stryzhak PE. Role of the Morphology of Sulfonic Resin Catalysts in the Etherification of Ethanol with iso-Butylene: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-020-09661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Osazuwa OU, Abidin SZ. The Functionality of Ion Exchange Resins for Esterification, Transesterification and Hydrogenation Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osarieme Uyi Osazuwa
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology College of Engineering Technology University Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Benin PMB 1154 Benin City Edo State Nigeria
| | - Sumaiya Zainal Abidin
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology College of Engineering Technology University Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF) University Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
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18
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Cabral NM, Lorenti JP, Plass W, Gallo JMR. Solid Acid Resin Amberlyst 45 as a Catalyst for the Transesterification of Vegetable Oil. Front Chem 2020; 8:305. [PMID: 32411662 PMCID: PMC7201088 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel using alkaline hydroxides requires expensive refined vegetable oil and anhydrous alcohols to avoid saponification. These issues are not present in the acid-catalyzed process; however, the challenge still lies in developing stable and active solid acid catalysts. Herein, Amberlyst 45, a resin for high-temperature application, was efficiently used for biodiesel production by the methanolysis or ethanolysis of vegetable oil. Yields of up to 80 and 84% were obtained for the fatty acid methyl ester and the fatty acid ethyl ester, respectively. Two processes are proposed and showed to be efficient: (i) incremental addition of alcohol along with the reaction for both methanolysis and ethanolysis; or (ii) one-pot reaction for ethanolysis using oil/ethanol molar ratio of 1/18. The catalytic system used also showed to be compatible with used oil (2.48 ± 0.03 mgNaOHgoil-1) and to the presence of water (10–20 wt. % based on the alcohol), allowing the use of waste oil and hydrated alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mariano Cabral
- Group of Renewable Energy, Nanotechnology, and Catalysis (GreenCat), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Lorenti
- Group of Renewable Energy, Nanotechnology, and Catalysis (GreenCat), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jean Marcel R Gallo
- Group of Renewable Energy, Nanotechnology, and Catalysis (GreenCat), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Rajkumari K, Laskar IB, Kumari A, Kalita B, Rokhum L. Highly selective tetrahydropyranylation/dehydropyranylation of alcohols and phenols using porous phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde resin catalyst under solvent-free condition. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Liu Y, Liu J, Yan H, Zhou Z, Zhou A. Kinetic Study on Esterification of Acetic Acid with Isopropyl Alcohol Catalyzed by Ion Exchange Resin. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19462-19468. [PMID: 31763570 PMCID: PMC6868888 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Esterification kinetics on acetic acid with isopropyl alcohol was studied in an intensified fixed bed reactor at 333-353 K with Amberlyst 36 Wet. The effects of volume flow rate, molar ratio of reactants, catalyst loading, and operating temperature were investigated and optimized. The method of UNIFAC was applied to calculate the activity coefficient of each component for correcting the nonideality of the solution. Reaction enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were calculated in different cases. The pseudohomogeneous model, Eley-Rideal model, and Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson model were used to establish kinetic equations of the reaction conducted in the IFBR. It was proved that the LHHW model can accurately describe the esterification kinetics in the intensified fixed bed reactor.
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Enhanced stability of Pd/SPS catalyst over the one-pot liquid-phase synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone by adding GO. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Penariol JL, Theodoro TR, Dias JR, Carpegiani JA, Aguiar LG. Application of a Sulfonated Styrene–(Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate) Resin as Catalyst. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158419050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Konwar LJ, Mäki-Arvela P, Mikkola JP. SO3H-Containing Functional Carbon Materials: Synthesis, Structure, and Acid Catalysis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11576-11630. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakhya Jyoti Konwar
- Technical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Chemical-Biological Centre, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Päivi Mäki-Arvela
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo-Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Jyri-Pekka Mikkola
- Technical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Chemical-Biological Centre, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo-Turku FI-20500, Finland
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Development of an Activity Based Kinetic Model for an Esterification Process with Indion 180 Catalyst. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2018-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The kinetics of esterification reaction between acetic acid and methanol was studied with the Indion 180 catalyst in the temperature range between 323.15 and 353.15K, and the catalyst loading between 0.01 g/cc to0.05 g/cc. The effects of temperature, catalyst loading, size of the catalyst and agitation speed on the reaction rate were investigated. The experimental results have shown the negligible effect of mass transfer resistances on the reaction rate. A second order kinetic rate expression was used to correlate the experimental data. An activity based kinetic model was also developed for the esterification process, which was validated against experimental results. The activity based model is found advantageous as it involves only two reaction rate parameters which were determined based on the kinetic rate parameters of the concentration based model. The comparison of the model predictions with the experimental results for different temperature and catalyst loading conditions has shown the better suitability of the activity based kinetic model for the esterification process with Indion 180 catalyst.
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Jalilnejad Falizi N, Güngören Madenoğlu T, Kabay N, Yüksel M. 110th Anniversary: Transesterification of Corn Oil to Biodiesel by Ion Exchange Resins with Macroporous Structure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
A packed-bed plug-flow reactor, denoted as the lab-scale liquid-solid (LS)² reactor, has been developed for the assessment of heterogeneous catalyst deactivation in liquid-phase reactions. The possibility to measure intrinsic kinetics was first verified with the model transesterification of ethyl acetate with methanol, catalyzed by the stable commercial resin Lewatit K2629, for which a turnover frequency (TOF) of 6.2 ± 0.4 × 10−3 s−1 was obtained. The absence of temperature and concentration gradients was verified with correlations and experimental tests. The potential for assessing the deactivation of a catalyst was demonstrated by a second intrinsic kinetics evaluation where a methylaminopropyl (MAP)-functionalized mesoporous silica catalyst was used for the aldol reaction of acetone with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in different solvents. The cooperative MAP catalyst deactivated as a function of time on stream when using hexane as solvent. Yet, the monofunctional MAP catalyst exhibited stable activity for at least 4 h on stream, which resulted in a TOF of 1.2 ± 0.1 × 10−3 s−1. It did, however, deactivate with dry acetone or DMSO as solvent due to the formation of site-blocking species. This deactivation was mitigated by co-feeding 2 wt % of water to DMSO, resulting in stable catalyst activity.
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27
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Sn-Based Porous Coordination Polymer Synthesized with Two Ligands for Tandem Catalysis Producing 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9090739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a biomass-derived important platform compound. Developing an efficient catalyst for producing HMF from a biomass source is important. Herein, using the ligands 5-sulfoisophthalic acid (SPA) and imidazole (Imd), a tin-based porous coordination polymer was synthesized, namely SPA-Imd-TinPCP. This novel material possesses a multifunctional catalysis capability. The coordinated tin (IV) can catalyze the isomerization of glucose to fructose. The ligand imidazole, as an additional base site, can catalyze glucose isomerization. The sulfonic group of the ligand SPA can catalyze the dehydration of fructose to HMF. SPA-Imd-TinPCP was used as a catalyst for the conversion of glucose to HMF. HMF yields of 59.5% in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 49.8% in the biphasic solvent of water/tetrahydrofuran were obtained. Consecutive use of SPA-Imd-TinPCP demonstrated that, after reusing it five times, there was no significant activity loss in terms of the glucose conversion and HMF yield.
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Hamed Bateni, Chad Able. Development of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Dehydration of Methanol to Dimethyl Ether: A Review. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050419010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Sulfonic Containing Polymer Bead Synthesized through Inverse Suspension Polymerization and Its Characteristics for Esterification Catalyst. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4854620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The sulfonic containing polymer bead was synthesized using sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS) and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) through inverse suspension polymerization and evaluated as catalyst for esterification of of n-octanol and acrylic acid. The influence of some principal factors, such as combination dispersant, crosslink agent content, posttreatment methods, and porogen types, was investigated in detail. The results showed that the morphology and characteristics of polymer beads were controllable. The polymer beads with 20wt% crosslink agent showed the best catalysis ability achieving almost 96% esterification conversion at the first time and 80% after 5 cycles.
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Ahmad MAAB, Chin SY, Zainal Abidin SB. Kinetic Studies of the Esterification of Acrylic Acid with 2-Ethyl Hexanol Catalysed by Diaion Resins. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.17we063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sim Yee Chin
- Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang
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31
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Lakouraj MM, Tajbakhsh M, Mokhtary M. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-bromine Complex; a Mild and Efficient Reagent for Selective Bromination of Alkenes and Oxidation of Alcohols. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823405774663246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-bromine complex (PVP–Br2) is easily prepared and used as a mild and convenient reagent for selective bromination of alkenes and at the position α-hydrogen of active carbonyl compounds. Selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols in the presence of aliphatic alcohols were also achieved at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmood Tajbakhsh
- Department of Chemistry, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, 47415, Iran
| | - Masoud Mokhtary
- Department of Chemistry, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, 47415, Iran
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32
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Ogino I, Suzuki Y, Mukai SR. Esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol catalyzed by sulfonated carbon catalysts: Promotional effects of additional functional groups. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Theodoro TR, Dias JR, Penariol JL, Moura JO, Aguiar LG. Sulfonated poly (styrene-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) with attractive ion exchange capacity. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R. Theodoro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena; University of São Paulo; 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Joslaine R. Dias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena; University of São Paulo; 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Júlia L. Penariol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena; University of São Paulo; 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Juliana O.V. Moura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena; University of São Paulo; 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Leandro G. Aguiar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena; University of São Paulo; 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
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34
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Sánchez-Chávez AC, Mendoza-Figueroa HL, Oliveros-Cruz S, Torres-Cardona MD, Luján-Montelongo JA, Polindara-García LA. “Eco-Friendly” Epimerization of Lutein to 3′-Epilutein Under Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Conditions by Using a Strongly Acidic Cation-Exchange Resin. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anahí C. Sánchez-Chávez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Humberto L. Mendoza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN); Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 07360 Ciudad de México San Pedro Zacatenco México
| | - Saray Oliveros-Cruz
- Piveg, S. de R. L. de C. V.; Camino a San José de Guanajuato, s/n Ex-Hacienda de Estrada 38020 Celaya Guanajuato México
| | - Mario D. Torres-Cardona
- Piveg, S. de R. L. de C. V.; Camino a San José de Guanajuato, s/n Ex-Hacienda de Estrada 38020 Celaya Guanajuato México
| | - J. Armando Luján-Montelongo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN); Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 07360 Ciudad de México San Pedro Zacatenco México
| | - Luis A. Polindara-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Ciudad de México México
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35
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Kinetics study and process simulation of transesterification of ethylene glycol with methyl acetate for ethylene glycol diacetate. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Abstract
The first steps of oseltamivir synthesis from quinic acid involve acetalization and ester formation. These reactions are catalyzed by either acids or bases, which may be accomplished by heterogeneous catalysts. Sulfonic solids are efficient acid catalysts for acetalization and esterification reactions. Supported tetraalkylammonium hydroxide or 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene are also efficient base catalysts for lactone alcoholysis and in this work, these catalysts have been applied in two alternative synthetic routes that lead to oseltamivir. The classical route consists of an acetalization, followed by a lactonization, and then a lactone alcoholysis. This achieves a 66% isolated yield. The alternative route consists of esterification followed by acetalization and is only efficient when an acetone acetal is used.
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37
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38
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Upgrading the Glycerol from Biodiesel Production as a Source of Energy Carriers and Chemicals—A Technological Review for Three Chemical Pathways. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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39
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Meng X, Li P, Du M, Ji P. Polydopamine-Mediated Formation of MnSn(OH) 6 on Cryptomelane-Type Manganese Oxide for Catalyzing Glucose Isomerization to Fructose. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Meng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peijun Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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40
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Gabrielczyk J, Jördening HJ. Ion exchange resins as additives for efficient protein refolding by dialysis. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 133:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Forte E, von Harbou E, Burger J, Asprion N, Bortz M. Optimal Design of Laboratory and Pilot-Plant Experiments Using Multiobjective Optimization. CHEM-ING-TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Forte
- University of Kaiserslautern; Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics; Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 44 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Erik von Harbou
- University of Kaiserslautern; Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics; Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 44 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Jakob Burger
- University of Kaiserslautern; Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics; Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 44 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | | | - Michael Bortz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM); Fraunhofer-Platz 1 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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42
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Shi F, Li GB, Sun HL, Cai WF. Kinetics of Transesterification of 1,4-Butanediol With Methyl Acetate by the Ion-exchange Resin. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Guo Bing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Hong Liang Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Wang Feng Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300354 China
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43
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Reymond H, Vitas S, Vernuccio S, von Rohr PR. Reaction Process of Resin-Catalyzed Methyl Formate Hydrolysis in Biphasic Continuous Flow. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Reymond
- Department of Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse
3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Selin Vitas
- Department of Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse
3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Vernuccio
- Department of Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse
3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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44
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Chakraborty M, Deb B, Dey B, Hussain SA, Maiti DK, Majumdar S. Amberlite IR 120H+Catalyzed N-C/C-N Coupled Cylization Strategy to Give Imidazoles: Design and Fabrication of Organic Nanomaterial with AFM Imaging. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Suryamaninagar 799 022, Tripura (W) INDIA
| | - Barnali Deb
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Suryamaninagar 799 022, Tripura (W) INDIA
| | - Bapi Dey
- Department of Physics; Tripura University; Suryamaninagar 799 022, Tripura INDIA
| | - Syed Arshad Hussain
- Department of Physics; Tripura University; Suryamaninagar 799 022, Tripura INDIA
| | - Dilip K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calcutta; 92 A P C Road Kolkata 700 009 INDIA
| | - Swapan Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Suryamaninagar 799 022, Tripura (W) INDIA
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45
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Assessment of commercial resins in the biolubricants production from free fatty acids of castor oil. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Heterogeneous reactive extraction for isopropyl alcohol liquid phase synthesis: Microkinetics and equilibria. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Badia JH, Fité C, Bringué R, Ramírez E, Iborra M. Relevant properties for catalytic activity of sulfonic ion-exchange resins in etherification of isobutene with linear primary alcohols. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Khaligh NG, Titinchi SJJ, Hamid SBA, Abbo HS. 4-(Succinimido)-1-butane Sulfonic Acid as a Brönsted Acid Catalyst for Synthesis of 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s Derivatives under Solvent-Free Conditions. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2015.1046610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, NANOCAT, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salam J. J. Titinchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, NANOCAT, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanna S. Abbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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49
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Richter FH, Sahraoui L, Schüth F. Nanocasting Design and Spatially Selective Sulfonation of Polystyrene-Based Polymer Networks as Solid Acid Catalysts. Chemistry 2016; 22:13563-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix H. Richter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- present address: Department of Materials; University of Oxford; OX1 3PH Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Laila Sahraoui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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50
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Yee KF, Ng EP, Mohamed AR, Adam F, Tan SH. Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalysts in the Etherification Reaction of tert-Butyl Alcohol and Ethanol. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2016.1198334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Fei Yee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Mohamed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Farook Adam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Soon Huat Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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